本文選題：江漢平原 + 農(nóng)戶土地利用　； 參考：《中南民族大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)戶作為土地利用的主體,土地作為土地利用的客體,這兩者在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中具有不可替代的作用。目前,我國的土地經(jīng)營的最小單位是農(nóng)戶,作為最基本的農(nóng)村微觀經(jīng)濟單位,農(nóng)戶對土地的利用直接決定農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)總量和增長速度。土地作為生產(chǎn)資料,也和其它生產(chǎn)資料一樣,其投入量與使用方式的變化直接影響著農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的結(jié)果。所以,農(nóng)戶的土地利用行為與農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟增長、農(nóng)民自身增收、農(nóng)村環(huán)境和糧食生產(chǎn)等密切相關(guān)。因此,對新型城鎮(zhèn)化背景下農(nóng)戶土地利用行為的調(diào)查與研究,對提高農(nóng)地資源的綜合效益、提高農(nóng)戶收入水平、加快農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和保證糧食安全具有重要的理論意義與現(xiàn)實意義。本文采用實地調(diào)查法、文獻資料法及主成分分析法、線性回歸分析法等數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法,以1980—2013年江漢平原地區(qū)農(nóng)戶的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模、方式以及投入要素的各項數(shù)據(jù)資料為基礎(chǔ),詳細分析了30多年以來江漢平原農(nóng)戶土地利用行為的變化特征和影響因素,及其對糧食生產(chǎn)的影響。得出如下結(jié)論:(1)農(nóng)戶土地利用的行為由農(nóng)戶目標和生產(chǎn)力水平共同決定。江漢平原農(nóng)戶土地利用行為的目標大致可以分為三類:第一類,農(nóng)戶的目標是為了滿足僅家庭生活需求;第二類,農(nóng)戶目標是在滿足家庭生活需求的前提下追求一定的利潤;第三類,農(nóng)戶的目標完全是為了追求經(jīng)濟利潤。(2)生產(chǎn)力水平方面的影響因素主要是社會環(huán)境和農(nóng)戶自身,影響農(nóng)戶土地利用的社會環(huán)境主要是指農(nóng)業(yè)政策(包括糧食補貼、農(nóng)業(yè)稅減免)和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,而農(nóng)戶從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的自身影響因素主要是指農(nóng)戶家庭中從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的勞動力的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量。(3)江漢平原農(nóng)戶土地利用行為的變化主要表現(xiàn)在農(nóng)地利用結(jié)構(gòu)、農(nóng)地耕作方式、農(nóng)地集約度等三個方面。在土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)方面,從1980年以來,江漢平原的總體耕地面積逐漸增加,但是耕地內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)波動較大,尤其是進入21世紀以后,水稻的播種面積逐步下降。在耕作方式方面,傳統(tǒng)的勞動密集型耕作方式在逐漸地減少,取而代之的是更多的機械耕作。在集約度方面,勞動力的投入量逐漸減少,而資金和技術(shù)的投入量逐漸增加。(4)糧食補貼政策對江漢平原糧食種植的激勵效果并不明顯;免征農(nóng)業(yè)稅對江漢平原農(nóng)戶增加農(nóng)地投入、減少拋荒、提高土地質(zhì)量和增加土地利用率等方面起到了促進作用。江漢平原經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展帶動了第二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,那么就需要更多的勞動力投入到第二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)中,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力逐漸減少,這就促進江漢平原的農(nóng)地耕作方式向機械化方式轉(zhuǎn)型。(5)江漢平原地區(qū)農(nóng)戶的自身因素對土地利用影響的特點是:農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力的數(shù)量越多、質(zhì)量越高,這類農(nóng)戶的土地經(jīng)營面積越大,土地利用效率也越高。(6)江漢平原的糧食產(chǎn)量受耕地利用結(jié)構(gòu)、糧食播種面積、耕地復(fù)種指數(shù)和糧食單產(chǎn)等幾個因素的影響比較明顯。在江漢平原水稻播種面積減少、耕地復(fù)種指數(shù)下降的情況下,水稻的產(chǎn)量卻沒有大幅下降,這主要歸功于水稻單產(chǎn)的提高。
[Abstract]:Farmers as the main body of land use, land as the object of land use, the two have an irreplaceable role in agricultural production. At present, the minimum unit of land management in China is farmers, as the most basic rural microeconomic units, farmers directly determine the total agricultural production and growth rate. As for the production data and the other production data, the change of its input and use mode directly affects the results of agricultural production. Therefore, the land use behavior of farmers is closely related to the growth of rural economy, the increase of farmers' own income, and the rural environment and grain production. Therefore, the land use behavior of farmers under the new urbanization background. Investigation and research are of great theoretical and practical significance to improving the comprehensive benefits of farmland resources, raising the income level of farmers, speeding up the development of rural economy and ensuring the security of grain. This paper adopts the field survey method, literature method, principal component analysis, linear regression analysis and other mathematical statistics, from 1980 to 2013, Jiang Hanping Based on the data of agricultural production scale, mode and input factors of farmers in the original area, the change characteristics and influence factors of farmers' land use behavior in Jianghan Plain for more than 30 years and its influence on grain production have been analyzed in detail. The following conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) the behavior of farmers' land use is from farmers' goal and productivity water. The goal of land use behavior of farmers in Jianghan plain can be divided into three categories: first, the goal of farmers is to meet the needs of only family life; the second kind, the goal of farmers is to pursue a certain profit on the premise of meeting the needs of family life; the third kind, the goal of farmers is to pursue economic profit. (2) students (2) The main factors affecting the productivity level are the social environment and the farmers themselves. The social environment that affects the land use of farmers mainly refers to agricultural policies (including grain subsidies, agricultural tax relief) and regional economic development, while farmers' own influence factors of agricultural production mainly refer to the labor force engaged in agricultural production in farmers' families. Quantity and quality. (3) the changes in land use behavior of farmers in Jianghan Plain are mainly manifested in three aspects of land use structure, farming methods, and farmland intensive degree. Since 1980, the total arable land area of Jianghan Plain has gradually increased since 1980, but the internal structure of cultivated land fluctuates greatly, especially in twenty-first Century. In the field of tillage, the traditional labor intensive farming methods are gradually decreasing, and more mechanical tillage is replaced by the traditional farming methods. In the aspect of intensivism, the input of labor force is gradually reduced and the investment of capital and technology is gradually increasing. (4) grain subsidies policy on the grain species of Jianghan Plain. The incentive effect of planting is not obvious. Exemption from agricultural tax has played an important role in increasing farmland input, reducing waste, improving land quality and increasing land use rate in Jianghan Plain. The rapid economic development of Jianghan Plain has led to the development of the second, third industry, which requires more labor to be put into the second, third industry. In the middle, the agricultural labor force is gradually reduced, which promotes the transformation of farming methods to mechanization in Jianghan Plain. (5) the characteristics of the influence of farmers' own factors on land use in Jianghan Plain are: the more the quantity of agricultural labor, the higher the quality, the greater the land management area of these farmers, the higher the efficiency of land use. (6) The grain yield of Jianghan Plain is influenced by several factors, such as the structure of cultivated land, the grain sown area, the replanting index of the cultivated land and the grain yield, and so on. In the case of the decrease of the sown area of the rice in the Jianghan Plain and the decline of the replanting index of the cultivated land, the yield of rice has not fallen sharply, which is mainly due to the increase of rice yield.

【學位授予單位】：中南民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F321.1;F326.11
，

本文編號：1806505