本文選題：農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn) + 資源整合��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：2015年中央1號文件指出“我國農(nóng)業(yè)資源短缺,開發(fā)過度、污染加重,如何在資源環(huán)境硬約束下保障農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有效供給和質(zhì)量安全、提升農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力,是必須應(yīng)對的一個重大挑戰(zhàn)”。事實(shí)上,當(dāng)前我國農(nóng)村存在土地經(jīng)營分散、青壯年勞動力短缺、農(nóng)村資本注入缺乏、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施滯后等問題,這已造成支撐農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的眾多資源要素流動和配置呈現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)性扭曲。疏通農(nóng)村各類資源要素流動的路徑,實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村資源價值的整合、顯化和提升已成為推動農(nóng)村改革發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)能夠打破傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)資源組織結(jié)構(gòu),有效促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村資源要素的合理流動與優(yōu)化重組,實(shí)現(xiàn)資源有效整合和優(yōu)化配置,從而顯化和提升資源本身具有的價值,對解決農(nóng)地細(xì)碎、農(nóng)民增收、農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展及土地低效利用和粗放經(jīng)營等問題具有重要意義,符合我國農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化、新農(nóng)村建設(shè)和城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌的發(fā)展要求。目前,農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)研究比較關(guān)注的是農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)的機(jī)制、模式、產(chǎn)權(quán)、驅(qū)動與限制因素、績效、資源配置等方面,而對農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)帶動下農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村資源整合問題的認(rèn)識和評價研究卻不多見。因此,開展農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)對主要農(nóng)業(yè)資源整合效應(yīng)的研究,尋求各類資源要素順暢流動的路徑具有重要意義。為厘清農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)對農(nóng)業(yè)資源要素的整合過程,客觀評價農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)帶動下農(nóng)業(yè)主要生產(chǎn)資源的整合效應(yīng),本文在農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)對農(nóng)業(yè)資源的整合過程分析的基礎(chǔ)上,選取成渝城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌區(qū)農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)較為普遍的四川廣漢市作為研究區(qū),對農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)特征較典型、且具有代表性的連山鎮(zhèn)、和興鎮(zhèn)、興隆鎮(zhèn)、松林鎮(zhèn)、西外鄉(xiāng)5個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的16個村進(jìn)行了抽樣調(diào)查,獲得了586份有效問卷。以農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)及資源整合理論為依據(jù),通過問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果歸納總結(jié),本文提取出114份可用于本文研究的樣本,并將研究區(qū)的農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)嘗試性地劃分為傳統(tǒng)小農(nóng)型、市場驅(qū)動型、多元合作型三類農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)模式,并具體分析三類農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)模式對農(nóng)業(yè)資源整合過程的特點(diǎn)及其差異性。借助Matlab軟件,采用自適應(yīng)神經(jīng)模糊網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)(ANFIS)構(gòu)建了遞階ANFIS的農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)對資源整合的效應(yīng)評價模型,用以評價研究三類農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)模式對其資源整合的效應(yīng)。主要研究結(jié)論如下：(1)不同農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)模式對資源整合的過程具有明顯差異①傳統(tǒng)小農(nóng)型流轉(zhuǎn)模式在資源整合各過程均不占優(yōu)。傳統(tǒng)小農(nóng)型流轉(zhuǎn)模式的經(jīng)營主體受小農(nóng)意識、資金等因素所限,缺乏目標(biāo)定位、資源識別意識,主要依靠購買方式獲取農(nóng)資、機(jī)械等；資源配置方式依照傳統(tǒng)耕作方式,較為簡單、落后,對資源的利用也較為粗放。但由于其主要接觸的資源為土地資源,且因研究區(qū)地勢平坦、道路通達(dá),傳統(tǒng)小農(nóng)型流轉(zhuǎn)模式機(jī)械化程度、墾殖系數(shù)較高,對土地資源的整合效果較好。②市場驅(qū)動型流轉(zhuǎn)模式對資源整合的過程比較細(xì)致、深入。市場驅(qū)動型流轉(zhuǎn)模式的經(jīng)營主體以市場為導(dǎo)向,產(chǎn)業(yè)目標(biāo)較為明確,能夠認(rèn)識到自身所具備的技術(shù)、經(jīng)驗(yàn),同時認(rèn)識到技術(shù)、管理、信息的重要性；不僅能夠倚靠資金通過購買方式獲取較多的勞力、專業(yè)技術(shù)人員、農(nóng)資等,還能夠利用自身的資源稟賦優(yōu)勢對雇用勞力進(jìn)行簡單的培訓(xùn)；資源配置上以市場價格與需求為導(dǎo)向,主要增加與綁定資本、勞力、土地資源三大資源,資源利用較為集約,最終利用的效果也主要集中于資本、勞力、土地資源上。③多元合作型流轉(zhuǎn)模式對資源整合的過程更加全面、更為科學(xué)、更具優(yōu)勢。多元合作型流轉(zhuǎn)模式的經(jīng)營主體不僅以市場為導(dǎo)向,而且考慮到政策因素所引導(dǎo)的優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè)、提供的扶持項(xiàng)目,目標(biāo)定位既明確又全面；同時,對資源的識別意識、能力強(qiáng),進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識到政策、服務(wù)等資源對生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營的重要；采用內(nèi)部培育與外部資源相結(jié)合的獲取方式,對內(nèi)有管理人員培育、技術(shù)傳授與系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)培訓(xùn),對外購買與合作方式結(jié)合獲取生產(chǎn)資料、政策扶持、社會機(jī)構(gòu)服務(wù)等資源；以市場價格與政策為引導(dǎo),資源重要程度區(qū)分清楚,生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營過程中對各類型資源增加、綁定、配置科學(xué)合理,最終高效集約的資源利用真正體現(xiàn)了各類型資源的深化整合。(2)不同農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)模式對資源整合的效應(yīng)顯著不同本文從自然資源、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)資源兩大類資源及其包含的土地資源、水資源、勞力資源、經(jīng)濟(jì)資源、管理資源、服務(wù)資源、政策資源、信息資源與技術(shù)資源的角度,選取農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化率、單位耕地占用資金、墾殖系數(shù)、有效灌溉率、用水獲取難度、雇用勞動力數(shù)、技術(shù)及受培訓(xùn)人員比重、管理綜合特征指數(shù)、經(jīng)營規(guī)模、投入產(chǎn)出率、勞動生產(chǎn)率、土地產(chǎn)出率、社會機(jī)構(gòu)服務(wù)水平、基建投入比重、流轉(zhuǎn)規(guī)范程度、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品商品化率、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)投入比重17個指標(biāo)構(gòu)建農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)對資源整合的效應(yīng)評價體系,評價研究了三類流轉(zhuǎn)模式對資源整合效應(yīng),并對評價結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較分析,結(jié)果顯示為多元合作型流轉(zhuǎn)模式市場驅(qū)動型流轉(zhuǎn)模式傳統(tǒng)小農(nóng)型流轉(zhuǎn)模式,具體的表現(xiàn)為：①在農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)對自然資源的整合效應(yīng)方面,傳統(tǒng)小農(nóng)型流轉(zhuǎn)模式(81.3713)優(yōu)于市場驅(qū)動型流轉(zhuǎn)模式(76.5537)、多元合作型流轉(zhuǎn)模式(75.1782),但三者相差并不大。由于研究區(qū)地勢平坦、道路通達(dá)、水量豐富,傳統(tǒng)小農(nóng)型流轉(zhuǎn)模式具有高農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化率、高墾殖系數(shù)以及較便捷的取水用水,在對自然資源的整合效應(yīng)最好；但市場驅(qū)動型流轉(zhuǎn)模式、多元合作型流轉(zhuǎn)模式單位耕地面積投入量比傳統(tǒng)小農(nóng)型流轉(zhuǎn)模式大,在水利設(shè)施上也具有一定優(yōu)勢,有效灌溉率較大,取水用水成本較低。傳統(tǒng)小農(nóng)型流轉(zhuǎn)模式主要靠天吃飯,難以解決干旱時期的用水難等問題。②在農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)對社會經(jīng)濟(jì)資源的整合效應(yīng)方面,多元合作型流轉(zhuǎn)模式(80.3124)優(yōu)于市場驅(qū)動型流轉(zhuǎn)模式(63.4721)、傳統(tǒng)小農(nóng)型流轉(zhuǎn)模式(13.1722),三者區(qū)別較為顯著。多元合作型流轉(zhuǎn)模式具有資金雄厚、勞動密集、經(jīng)營規(guī)模大、技術(shù)及受培訓(xùn)人員多、管理方式優(yōu)、產(chǎn)出收益多、流轉(zhuǎn)規(guī)范程度高、政府投入多、技術(shù)引進(jìn)新等多類型資源優(yōu)勢,社會經(jīng)濟(jì)資源的綜合整合效應(yīng)最高；市場驅(qū)動型流轉(zhuǎn)模式缺乏全面的資源認(rèn)識、豐富的獲取方式以及科學(xué)的配置方式,對社會經(jīng)濟(jì)資源的整合中規(guī)中矩,而傳統(tǒng)小農(nóng)型流轉(zhuǎn)模式嚴(yán)重缺乏市場競爭力、和資源整合意識,資金投入、勞動力、技術(shù)人員少,可獲取社會機(jī)構(gòu)服務(wù)少、不全面,缺乏資金修繕設(shè)施,流轉(zhuǎn)不規(guī)范,商品化率低等,對社會經(jīng)濟(jì)資源的整合效應(yīng)與前兩種模式相差甚大。(3)不同流轉(zhuǎn)模式存在不同的適用性傳統(tǒng)小農(nóng)型流轉(zhuǎn)模式資源認(rèn)識、整合意識落后,整合效應(yīng)差,發(fā)展空間受限,但其對耕地保護(hù)、糧食供應(yīng)具有重要作用,而且傳統(tǒng)小農(nóng)型流轉(zhuǎn)模式也具有操作便易,手續(xù)簡單,所需資金、勞力等資源少,可維系農(nóng)民與農(nóng)村“血緣”關(guān)系,穩(wěn)定農(nóng)村環(huán)境的優(yōu)勢,可以在不宜流轉(zhuǎn)或流轉(zhuǎn)難度大的地區(qū)有限推廣。市場驅(qū)動型流轉(zhuǎn)模式在資源整合過程及效應(yīng)方面始終介于傳統(tǒng)小農(nóng)型流轉(zhuǎn)模式與多元合作型流轉(zhuǎn)模式之間,該模式對投資額、管理、技術(shù)等資源的允許空間較大,經(jīng)營者進(jìn)駐條件不高；同時,對地區(qū)的自然、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)、農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)條件要求也不高,多數(shù)地區(qū)可根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)刈匀粭l件、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、資源稟賦、農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)方式等因素推廣市場驅(qū)動型流轉(zhuǎn)模式。多元合作型流轉(zhuǎn)模式資源整合意識強(qiáng),資源獲取手段豐富,資源配置與利用合理、集約,資源整合效應(yīng)高,有利于農(nóng)村社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展；但多元合作型流轉(zhuǎn)模式受利益驅(qū)動,規(guī)模種植糧食作物的經(jīng)營者不多,也存在一定程度的農(nóng)地非農(nóng)化現(xiàn)象,不利于糧食保護(hù),而且多元合作型流轉(zhuǎn)模式因其投資額巨大、經(jīng)營管理繁雜、合作協(xié)約難度高、政策扶持難獲取等因素對意愿加入的經(jīng)營者各方面條件提出了很高的要求,適宜在具有優(yōu)勢特色產(chǎn)業(yè)、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平高、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)條件好、流轉(zhuǎn)難度小等特點(diǎn)的地區(qū)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In 2015, the central 1 document pointed out that "shortage of agricultural resources, excessive development, aggravation of pollution, how to guarantee the effective supply and quality safety of agricultural products under the hard constraint of resources and environment, and improve the ability of agricultural sustainable development, is a major challenge". In fact, there is a scattered land management in our country. The shortage of power, the lack of rural capital injection and the lagging of agricultural production infrastructure have led to the structural distortion of the flow and allocation of many resource elements that support the economic and social development of the rural areas, the path of dredging the flow of all kinds of resources in rural areas, the integration of the value of rural resources, the display and promotion of rural reform, and the promotion of rural reform. The agricultural land circulation can break the traditional agricultural resources organization structure, effectively promote the rational flow and optimization of agricultural resources elements, realize the effective integration of resources and optimize the allocation of resources, so as to display and improve the value of resources itself, to solve the fine agricultural land, the increase of farmers' income, agricultural development and low efficiency of land. The problem of use and extensive management is of great significance, which conforms to the modernization of agriculture, the construction of new rural areas and the development requirements of urban and rural overall planning. At present, the research of agricultural land transfer is more concerned about the mechanism, mode, property rights, driving and restriction factors, performance and resource allocation of farmland transfer, and the whole agricultural and rural resources are driven by the agricultural land circulation. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the research on the integration effect of agricultural land transfer to the integration effect of the main agricultural resources and seek the path of smooth flow of all kinds of resources. On the basis of the integration process of agricultural land transfer to agricultural resources, this paper selects Guanghan City, Sichuan, which is more common in Chengdu urban and rural areas as a research area, which is more typical and representative of Lianshan Town, and 16 villages of 5 villages and towns in Xinglong Town, Xinglong Town, pines town and western rural township. 586 valid questionnaires were obtained. Based on the theory of land transfer and resource integration, 114 samples were extracted from the results of the questionnaire survey, and the agricultural land transfer in the study area was divided into three types of farmland transfer mode, namely, traditional small farm type, city field driven type and multiple cooperative type. The characteristics and differences of the three types of agricultural land transfer mode to the integration process of agricultural resources are analyzed. With the help of Matlab software, an adaptive neural fuzzy network system (ANFIS) is used to construct a hierarchical ANFIS effect evaluation model of land transfer to resources integration, which is used to evaluate the effect of the three types of land transfer mode on its resource integration. The conclusions are as follows: (1) there are obvious differences in the process of resource integration between different agricultural land transfer modes (1) the traditional small-scale peasant type transfer mode is not dominant in the process of resource integration. The management subject of the traditional small-scale peasant type circulation mode is limited by small farmers consciousness, funds and other factors, lack of target orientation, resources recognition consciousness, mainly relying on the purchaser. In accordance with traditional farming methods, the resource allocation method is relatively simple and backward, and the utilization of resources is more extensive. However, due to its main resources are land resources, and because the research area is flat, the road is accessible, the traditional small-scale farming model mechanization degree, the higher reclamation coefficient, the whole land resources. The market driven transfer mode is more detailed and in-depth. The market driven model is market-oriented, and the industrial target is more clear. It can recognize the technology, experience, and realize the importance of technology, management and information, and not only rely on funds. Through the purchase of more labor, professional and technical personnel, agricultural capital and so on, can also use their own resource endowment advantages to hire labor for simple training; resource allocation in the market price and demand oriented, mainly to increase the three resources of capital, labor, land resources, resources use more intensive, the final use of resources. The effect is mainly concentrated on capital, labor and land resources. (3) the multi cooperative transfer model is more comprehensive, more scientific and more advantageous. The multi cooperative transfer model is not only guided by the market, but also takes into account the advantageous industries guided by the policy factors, and the support items are provided. The position is clear and comprehensive; at the same time, the awareness of resources is recognized and the ability is strong. The importance of policies and services to production and management is further recognized; the acquisition mode of internal cultivation and external resources is adopted to cultivate the internal management personnel, technology imparting and systematic technical training, and the combination of foreign purchase and cooperation to obtain students. Production data, policy support, social organization services and other resources; guided by the market price and policy, the importance of resources is distinguished clearly, the resources of various types in the process of production and management are increased, binding, scientific and rational, and the final efficient and intensive utilization of resources truly embodies the deepening integration of various types of resources. (2) the transfer mode of different farmland The effect of resource integration is significantly different from the natural resources, social and economic resources and the two categories of resources, land resources, water resources, labor resources, economic resources, management resources, service resources, policy resources, information resources and technical resources, selecting agricultural mechanization rate, unit cultivated land occupation funds, reclamation coefficient, effective. Irrigation rate, water access difficulty, employment labor number, technology and the proportion of trained personnel, management comprehensive characteristic index, operation scale, input-output rate, labor productivity, land output rate, social organization service level, capital construction investment proportion, circulation standard degree, agricultural product commercialization rate, agricultural technology input proportion 17 indicators to build agricultural land. The effect evaluation system of transfer to resource integration, evaluation and study of the three types of circulation pattern on the effect of resources integration, and the evaluation results are compared and analyzed, the results show that the multi cooperative transfer mode market driven transfer mode traditional small-scale peasant type transfer mode, the concrete performance is: (1) the integration effect of agricultural land transfer to natural resources. On the other hand, the traditional small farming model (81.3713) is superior to the market driven transfer mode (76.5537) and multiple cooperative transfer mode (75.1782), but the difference between the three is not large. Because the area is flat, the road is accessible and the water is abundant, the traditional small-scale peasant type transfer model has high agricultural mechanization rate, high cultivation coefficient and convenient water intake. Water use in the integration of natural resources is the best, but the market driven circulation mode, multi cooperative transfer mode unit land area investment is larger than the traditional small farming model, in the water conservancy facilities also have a certain advantage, the effective irrigation rate is larger, water intake is lower. The traditional small agricultural circulation model mainly depends on the day to eat. It is difficult to solve the problem of water difficulty in the period of drought. Secondly, in the integration effect of agricultural land circulation to social and economic resources, the multi cooperative transfer model (80.3124) is superior to the market driven model (63.4721), the traditional small-scale peasant type transfer mode (13.1722), the three are more distinct. The multi cooperative transfer model has a rich capital, Labor intensive, large scale of operation, high technical and trained personnel, high management mode, high output income, high standard of circulation, more government input, new technology introduction and other types of resources advantages, the comprehensive integration effect of social and economic resources is the highest. The mode of scientific allocation, the integration of social and economic resources, and the traditional small agricultural transfer mode seriously lack of market competitiveness, and the awareness of resources integration, capital input, labor, technical personnel, less social institutions, lack of comprehensive, lack of funds repair facilities, circulation is not standard, low commercialization rate and so on, to the society The integration effect of economic resources is very different from the previous two models. (3) different circulation patterns have different applicability of traditional small agricultural transfer mode resources understanding, integration consciousness backward, poor integration effect and limited development space, but it has an important role in cultivated land protection and grain supply, and the traditional small-scale peasant type circulation mode also has operation. Easy, simple formalities, less capital and less labor resources, can maintain the relationship between farmers and rural "blood relationship", stabilize the rural environment, and can be limited in the difficult areas which are not suitable for circulation or circulation. The market driven transfer mode is always in the process of resource integration and the effect of the traditional small agricultural transfer mode and multi cooperation. Between the mode, the mode has a large allowed space for investment, management, technology and other resources, and the conditions for the management of the operators are not high. At the same time, the requirements for the natural, social and economic conditions of the region are not high. In most areas, the market drive can be promoted according to the local natural conditions, industrial development, resource endowment, and rural land circulation. The multi cooperative transfer mode has a strong sense of resource integration, rich resource acquisition, rational resource allocation and utilization, intensive and resource integration, which is beneficial to the rapid development of the rural social economy. However, the multi cooperative transfer mode is driven by interests, and there are not many operators in the scale of grain crops, and there are also certain problems. The non agricultural phenomenon of agricultural land is not conducive to the protection of grain, and the multi cooperative transfer mode is due to the huge amount of investment, the complicated management and management, the difficulty of cooperation agreement, the difficult access to policy support, and so on, which put forward high requirements for all aspects of the operators willing to join, which is suitable for the advantages and characteristics of the industry and the social and economic development. Regional development characterized by high level, good infrastructure and low circulation difficulty.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F321.1

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