本文選題：農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn) + 加權(quán)Voronoi空間擴(kuò)展斷裂點(diǎn)模型　； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)村生活的主要載體,農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)布局優(yōu)化研究是新農(nóng)村建設(shè)及人地關(guān)系研究的重點(diǎn)。在大榆樹(shù)鎮(zhèn)的農(nóng)村地區(qū),農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)長(zhǎng)期缺乏系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃引導(dǎo)及監(jiān)管,同時(shí)受農(nóng)民自發(fā)選址的傳統(tǒng)觀念和建造房屋成本等因素的影響,出現(xiàn)農(nóng)村房屋容積率小于1、新建不拆舊,建新住宅占用耕地等一系列問(wèn)題�？茖W(xué)技術(shù)手段引入農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化水平大幅度提高,節(jié)省大量的農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力成本。隨著城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展,農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移,造成農(nóng)村人均居住用地不斷增加,村莊空心率上升的現(xiàn)象。作為人類活動(dòng)的聚集地,農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)的合理布局能夠促進(jìn)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展和人口穩(wěn)定,同時(shí)有效保護(hù)耕地,對(duì)農(nóng)村土地資源的利用及可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的實(shí)際意義。三江平原地區(qū)是我國(guó)重要的糧食生產(chǎn)基地,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)發(fā)達(dá)、農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)生活中的用地矛盾及農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)布局問(wèn)題越來(lái)越明顯。通過(guò)上述研究基礎(chǔ),對(duì)三江平原地區(qū)農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)進(jìn)行空間布局的優(yōu)化研究具有重要的理論和實(shí)踐意義。本文以三江平原腹地—富錦市大榆樹(shù)鎮(zhèn)為研究區(qū),選取其68個(gè)農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)圖斑作為研究對(duì)象,在GIS的技術(shù)支持下,采用多種定量研究方法,分析大榆樹(shù)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)的空間分布特征和分布模式,劃分農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)的布局類型,探求待撤并的農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)的遷并范圍與方向,最后擬定大榆樹(shù)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)布局優(yōu)化方案。主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)利用空間統(tǒng)計(jì)和加權(quán)Voronoi圖方法,從農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)現(xiàn)狀和分布特征分析,確定農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)的衛(wèi)星式、塊狀式和自由式三種分布模式。大榆樹(shù)鎮(zhèn)的人均建設(shè)用地超標(biāo),土地利用方式較粗放。另外,建制鎮(zhèn)、地表水源和交通道路綜合影響農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)的空間分布。(2)從農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)、生活條件、生產(chǎn)條件和生態(tài)條件四方面選取22指標(biāo)構(gòu)建評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,進(jìn)行大榆樹(shù)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)結(jié)節(jié)性指數(shù)的評(píng)價(jià)并劃分四個(gè)等級(jí)。(3)根據(jù)居民點(diǎn)結(jié)節(jié)性指數(shù)分級(jí)結(jié)果,運(yùn)用GIS的空間分析和空間統(tǒng)計(jì)方法,劃分為中心村,基層村,遷并村和零星村4種居民點(diǎn)布局類型,對(duì)應(yīng)的居民點(diǎn)分別有13、20、22和13個(gè)。從整治居民點(diǎn)空心化和新農(nóng)村發(fā)展角度出發(fā),結(jié)合大榆樹(shù)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)空間分布現(xiàn)狀,將農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)的調(diào)整模式劃分為優(yōu)化發(fā)展型、控制發(fā)展型、遷移整理型、重點(diǎn)整治型4種類型。(4)利用Arc Objects二次編程劃定13個(gè)優(yōu)先發(fā)展居民點(diǎn)的空間影響勢(shì)力范圍,同時(shí)利用空間點(diǎn)格局分析和兩步移動(dòng)搜索法,其中以空間點(diǎn)格局分析的方法得出的2500 m為遷移半徑;利用兩步移動(dòng)搜索法,計(jì)算各保留村的空間可達(dá)性,確定遷并村的遷并范圍和方向,同時(shí)結(jié)合零星居民點(diǎn)的遷移方向,最終確定大榆樹(shù)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)布局優(yōu)化方案。調(diào)整后,居民點(diǎn)數(shù)量由原來(lái)的68個(gè)逐漸演變?yōu)?1個(gè),居民點(diǎn)總面積減少到860 hm~2,居民點(diǎn)密度降低到8.09個(gè)/km2,平均居民點(diǎn)面積增加到25.30 hm~2。
[Abstract]:Rural residential is the main carrier of agricultural production and rural life, rural residential layout optimization research is focused on the construction of new countryside and the relationship between people and land. In the big elm town in rural areas, lack of system planning guidance and supervision of rural residents, and by farmers affect the location and the traditional concept of housing construction cost other factors, rural housing volume rate of less than 1, no new demolition of the old, a series of problems to build a new house. The occupation of cultivated land science and technology into agricultural production, agricultural mechanization level has greatly improved, saving cost a large number of rural labor force. With the rapid development of urbanization, transfer of rural labor force, resulting in rural per capita residential land is increasing, the rate of rise of the hollow village. As a gathering place of human activity, the rational distribution of rural settlements can promote the rural economy further The development of population and stability, and effectively protect the cultivated land, it has important practical significance for the utilization of rural land resources and sustainable development. Sanjiang plain area is an important grain production base in China, developed agriculture, rural economy has developed rapidly, with the layout problem of rural residents contradictions and agricultural production in life is more and more obvious. Based on the above research, it has important theoretical and practical significance for optimization of spatial layout of rural residential area of Sanjiang plain. The big elm town Sanjiang plain hinterland - Fujin city as the study area, the 68 rural residential spots as the research object, with the support of GIS technology, using a variety of quantitative research methods, analysis of the distribution characteristics and distribution pattern of rural residents of Dayushu town in the space, layout type division of rural residents, to explore the measure of the rural settlements The move and the scope and direction of finalizing the Dayushu town rural residential layout optimization. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) using spatial statistics and weighted Voronoi diagram method, from the analysis of the status quo of rural residents and distribution characteristics, determine the satellite type rural residential block, and the free style of three kinds of distribution patterns. The per capita construction of Dayushu town land exceed the standard land use extensive,. In addition, towns, comprehensive effect of surface water and the road of rural residential spatial distribution. (2) from the development of rural residents, living conditions, production conditions and ecological conditions in four were selected to construct the evaluation index system of 22 evaluation index. The big elm town rural residential nodular index and divided into four grades. (3) according to the classification results of residential nodular index, using spatial analysis and GIS statistical method, divided into the center of the village, at the grassroots level Village, village and village relocation and scattered 4 residential layout types, the corresponding settlements are 13,20,22 and 13. Starting from the renovation of residential hollow and the new rural development perspective, combining with the current distribution space of rural residents of Dayushu Town, divides the adjustment mode of rural residential development to optimize the control type. Development type, transfer order type, focusing on remediation of 4 types. (4) using Arc Objects two programming delineated 13 priority residential space influence range, and the use of spatial point pattern analysis and two step search method, the method based on spatial point pattern analysis of the 2500 m migration radius the two step; mobile search method, spatial accessibility calculation of the retention of the village, and the village moved and moved to determine the scope and direction, combined with the migration direction of sporadic settlements, and ultimately determine the Dayushu town rural residential layout optimization scheme. After adjustment, the number of residents gradually changed from 68 to 31. The total area of residential area decreased to 860 hm~2, and the density of residential area decreased to 8.09 /km2, and the average residential area increased to 25.30 hm~2..

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F301.2

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本文編號(hào)：1747530