本文選題：耕地細(xì)碎化 + 糧食生產(chǎn)能力　； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為不可再生又非常稀缺的耕地資源,是人類社會(huì)賴以生存和發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)。長久以來,我國耕地都存在著人均耕地少,優(yōu)質(zhì)耕地少,后備耕地資源不足等特點(diǎn)。充足的耕地資源是糧食安全的保證,是關(guān)系國計(jì)民生的大計(jì)。為了改變我國耕地資源嚴(yán)重不足的困境,穩(wěn)定并增加耕地面積,維持并提高耕地生產(chǎn)力,防范和治理耕地污染狀況,采取有效措施消除危害顯得迫在眉睫。當(dāng)前許多國家在農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展過程中都要面臨一個(gè)重要的問題——耕地細(xì)碎化。在地廣人稀的地區(qū),耕地細(xì)碎化問題還不太嚴(yán)重,然而在人多地少的地方,耕地細(xì)碎化問題比較突出,規(guī)模經(jīng)營的擴(kuò)大和農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的進(jìn)程無法避免地將受到較大的阻礙,這在一定程度上對農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量也會(huì)帶來負(fù)面影響。耕地細(xì)碎化是指耕地由于受到自然和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素的影響,在生產(chǎn)過程中出現(xiàn)地塊數(shù)多、單塊面積較小、肥瘦不一、農(nóng)戶家庭距離地塊遠(yuǎn)近不同的經(jīng)營現(xiàn)象。從現(xiàn)在的研究進(jìn)展看來,耕地細(xì)碎化的影響主要包括兩個(gè)方面來探討。一方面,許多學(xué)者認(rèn)為,耕地細(xì)碎化將促使農(nóng)戶調(diào)整種植結(jié)構(gòu),多元化種植逐漸興起,種植的種類和技術(shù)將會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)新的突破,這樣一來,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可以得到有效地降低,廣大農(nóng)戶也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)收的目標(biāo),農(nóng)民的生活水平也可以得到更大的提高。然而另一方面,也有相當(dāng)一部分學(xué)著認(rèn)為,耕地細(xì)碎化將影響農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的使用效率,降低規(guī)模生產(chǎn)效率,從而降低農(nóng)業(yè)投入產(chǎn)出的水平。本文將從耕地細(xì)碎化分析這部分入手,選用景觀格局指數(shù)中的斑塊密度、邊緣密度、平均斑塊面積、最大斑塊指數(shù)、平均分形分維數(shù)、面積加權(quán)平均地塊形狀指數(shù)、聚集度指數(shù)和景觀分離度指數(shù)等8個(gè)指標(biāo)作為評價(jià)公安縣耕地細(xì)碎化狀況的指標(biāo)。通過各指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)的處理和分析,得出公安縣位于平原湖區(qū)的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)耕地細(xì)碎化程度比位于山地、丘崗等鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的低,可見耕地細(xì)碎化程度會(huì)受到土壤、地形、河流流向、湖泊分布等自然因素的影響。首先進(jìn)行公安縣耕地細(xì)碎化現(xiàn)狀分析,然后借用于公安縣耕地質(zhì)量等級監(jiān)測和公安縣農(nóng)用地分等項(xiàng)目成果,研究耕地細(xì)碎化對糧食現(xiàn)實(shí)生產(chǎn)能力的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,耕地細(xì)碎化對糧食生產(chǎn)能力影響較顯著,主要表現(xiàn)為負(fù)面的影響。在耕地細(xì)碎化指標(biāo)中,聚集度指數(shù)和景觀分散度指數(shù)對糧食生產(chǎn)能力影響最為顯著。聚集度指數(shù)高的地區(qū),耕地細(xì)碎化程度低,這樣有利于農(nóng)戶大面積機(jī)械化生產(chǎn),提高生產(chǎn)效率,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食產(chǎn)量的提升。而景觀分散度指數(shù)是從不同的方向來闡述的,景觀分散度指數(shù)越大,代表耕地細(xì)碎化程度越高,耕地被分割成許多細(xì)小的地塊,自然不利于大面積規(guī)�；a(chǎn),因此它對糧食生產(chǎn)能力會(huì)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面的影響。
[Abstract]:As a non-renewable and very scarce cultivated land resource, it is an important foundation for the survival and development of human society.For a long time, the cultivated land in China has the characteristics of less per capita cultivated land, less high quality cultivated land and insufficient reserve cultivated land resources.Sufficient cultivated land resources is the guarantee of food security, is a matter of national economy and people's livelihood.In order to change the predicament of serious shortage of cultivated land resources, stabilize and increase cultivated land area, maintain and improve cultivated land productivity, prevent and control the situation of cultivated land pollution, it is urgent to take effective measures to eliminate the harm.At present, many countries have to face an important problem in the process of agricultural development-the fine fragmentation of cultivated land.The problem of fine fragmentation of cultivated land is not too serious in areas with limited population. However, in places with a large population and less land, the problem of fine fragmentation of cultivated land is more prominent, and the expansion of scale management and the process of agricultural mechanization will inevitably be greatly hindered.To some extent, this will have a negative impact on crop yields.Because of the influence of natural and social economic factors, the fine fragmentation of cultivated land refers to the phenomenon that there are many plots in the production process, the single area is smaller, the fat is not the same, and the farmers' families are far and near different from the plots.From the current research progress, the impact of farmland fragmentation mainly includes two aspects to explore.On the one hand, many scholars believe that the fine fragmentation of cultivated land will promote farmers to adjust their planting structure, diversify planting gradually rise, the types and techniques of planting will achieve new breakthroughs, so that the risk of agricultural production can be effectively reduced.Farmers can also achieve the goal of income generation, farmers' living standards can also be improved.However, on the other hand, some scholars believe that the fineness of cultivated land will affect the efficiency of agricultural machinery use, reduce the efficiency of scale production, and thus reduce the level of agricultural input and output.In this paper, the patch density, edge density, average patch area, maximum patch index, fractal fractal dimension, area-weighted average block shape index of landscape pattern index are selected.Eight indexes, such as aggregation index and landscape separation index, are used to evaluate the fine fragmentation of cultivated land in Gongan County.Through the processing and analysis of the index data, it is concluded that the degree of fine farmland fragmentation in the villages and towns in the plain and lake area of the public security county is lower than that in the villages and towns such as the mountainous areas and the hilly areas. It can be seen that the degree of the fineness of cultivated land will be affected by soil, topography, river flow,The influence of natural factors such as lake distribution.Firstly, the present situation of cultivated land fragmentation in public security county is analyzed, and then the effect of fine farmland fragmentation on grain production capacity is studied by using the project results of quality grade monitoring of cultivated land in public security county and agricultural land classification in public security county.The results showed that the grain production capacity was significantly affected by the fineness of cultivated land, which was mainly negative.Among the fineness indexes of cultivated land, the aggregation index and landscape dispersity index had the most significant influence on the grain production capacity.In the areas with high aggregation index, the degree of fineness of cultivated land is low, which is conducive to the mechanization of farmers in large areas and to the improvement of production efficiency, so as to achieve the increase of grain production.The landscape dispersion index is elaborated from different directions. The greater the landscape dispersion index, the higher the degree of fineness of cultivated land, and the cultivated land is divided into many small plots, which is naturally not conducive to large-scale production.Therefore, it will have a negative impact on grain production capacity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.211;F326.11

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