發(fā)布時間：2018-03-29 22:29

  本文選題：耕地質(zhì)量　切入點：最優(yōu)組合賦權(quán)　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：耕地,是人類賴以生存的基本資源和條件。耕地質(zhì)量對糧食作物的生產(chǎn)數(shù)量和優(yōu)劣產(chǎn)生直接影響,是確保農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展和糧食安全的重要物質(zhì)保證。耕地質(zhì)量評價可以客觀明確了解的現(xiàn)有耕地質(zhì)量、耕地的面積和耕地質(zhì)量的空間分布的情況,對國家糧食安全和農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展有重要意義。本文以黑龍江省綏化市明水縣為例,分析耕地質(zhì)量的現(xiàn)狀,合理選擇評價因子構(gòu)建評價的耕地質(zhì)量評價指標體系,通過明水縣實地采樣,遙感圖像的解析,Arc GIS數(shù)據(jù)空間分析的為依托,利用最優(yōu)組合賦權(quán)法確定權(quán)重,對明水縣耕地質(zhì)量進行研究,進一步分析了耕地在不同評價因子的影響下耕地質(zhì)量的分等與評價,以及不同質(zhì)量耕地的在各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)空間分布。通過耕地質(zhì)量提升潛力指數(shù)的計算,探究評價因子全因素排列后主導(dǎo)因素-次要因素的評價因子的全排列,劃分耕地質(zhì)量重點提升區(qū)和耕地質(zhì)量有待提升區(qū),針對不同的區(qū)域?qū)Ω刭|(zhì)量提升提出針對性的方法與對策。通過研究本文得到以下結(jié)論:明水縣高質(zhì)量耕地的面積22705.948公頃,占明水縣耕地總面積的14.71%,在永興鎮(zhèn)分布面積最多;較高質(zhì)量的耕地面積最大達到了53570.767公頃,占明水縣耕地總面積的34.69%,在通泉鄉(xiāng)分布最多;一般質(zhì)量耕地和較低質(zhì)量耕地的面積分別是21863.364公頃和40808.718公頃,占總耕地面積的14.16%和26.43%,在崇德鎮(zhèn)和通達鎮(zhèn)分布最多;而低質(zhì)量的耕地的面積是所有分類中最小的,面積為15456.168公頃,占總面積的10.01%,在繁榮鄉(xiāng)分布最多�？梢娒魉h中高質(zhì)量的耕地面積占比較大,而低質(zhì)量的耕地的面積最小,說明明水縣耕地質(zhì)量處于中等偏上的水平。明水縣通過對10種主導(dǎo)因素進行全因素排列組合,共有15種主導(dǎo)因素組合類型,最終劃分成6個耕地質(zhì)量重點提升區(qū)。明水縣通過對10種主導(dǎo)因素進行全因素排列組合,共有19種主導(dǎo)因素組合類型。最終劃分7個耕地質(zhì)量有待提升區(qū)。明水縣6個耕地質(zhì)量等級提升重點區(qū)的主導(dǎo)因素為有機質(zhì)含量、距障礙層深度、土壤酸堿度和坡度等;7個耕地重點區(qū)的主導(dǎo)因素分別為速效磷含量、有機質(zhì)含量、全氮、黑土層厚度、障礙層深度、土壤酸堿度和表層土壤質(zhì)地。針對明水縣不同重點提升區(qū)和有待提升區(qū)所在村的耕地質(zhì)量提升提出對策建議加強建立耕地質(zhì)量定期評價更新制度;積極開展土地整理工作,加快推進土地平整項目;加強有機肥料的使用,合理輪作,推廣秸稈還田;改進釋放化肥的觀念,根據(jù)不同土壤施不同肥料。深耕深松深翻改善耕地質(zhì)量,采用客土改良法增加黑土層厚度;通過土壤改良劑改善土壤酸堿度。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is the basic resource and condition for human survival. The quality of cultivated land has a direct impact on the quantity and quality of food crops. It is an important material guarantee to ensure agricultural development and food security. The existing cultivated land quality, the area of cultivated land and the spatial distribution of cultivated land quality can be objectively and clearly understood by the evaluation of cultivated land quality. This paper takes Mingshui County, Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province as an example, analyzes the present situation of cultivated land quality, reasonably selects the evaluation factors to construct the evaluation index system of cultivated land quality. Based on field sampling and remote sensing image analysis of Arc GIS data space, the weight of the cultivated land in Mingshui County is determined by the optimal combination weight method, and the quality of cultivated land in Mingshui County is studied. The classification and evaluation of cultivated land quality under the influence of different evaluation factors, and the spatial distribution of cultivated land of different quality in different towns and villages were further analyzed. To explore the overall arrangement of the main factors after the ranking of all factors of evaluation factors-the evaluation factors of secondary factors, and to divide the key areas of improving cultivated land quality and the areas of cultivated land quality to be improved. This paper puts forward the following conclusions: the area of high quality cultivated land in Mingshui County is 22705.948 hectares, accounting for 14.71% of the total area of cultivated land in Mingshui County, and the distribution area is the most in Yongxing Town; The area of cultivated land of higher quality has reached the maximum of 53570.767 hectares, accounting for 34.69 hectares of the total area of cultivated land in Mingshui County, with the largest distribution in Tongquan Township; the areas of general and lower quality cultivated land are 21863.364 hectares and 40808.718 hectares, respectively. Accounting for 14.16% and 26.43% of the total cultivated land area, it is most widely distributed in Chongde Town and Tongda Town, while the area of low-quality cultivated land is the smallest of all categories, with an area of 15456.168 hectares. Accounting for 10.01% of the total area, it is most distributed in Fong Township. It can be seen that the area of high-quality cultivated land in Mingshui County is relatively large, while the area of low-quality cultivated land is the smallest. The results show that the quality of cultivated land in Mingshui County is at the middle level. Through the arrangement and combination of 10 dominant factors, there are 15 kinds of dominant factors combination types in Mingshui County. Finally, it is divided into 6 key areas for improving the quality of cultivated land. Through the arrangement and combination of 10 dominant factors in Mingshui County, There are 19 kinds of dominant factors combination types. Finally, 7 areas of cultivated land quality need to be improved. The main factor of improving cultivated land quality grade in Mingshui County is the content of organic matter, which is far from the barrier layer, the main factor of which is the content of organic matter. The main factors of soil pH and slope were available phosphorus content, organic matter content, total nitrogen content, thickness of black soil layer, depth of barrier layer, etc. Soil pH and surface soil texture. Aiming at the improvement of cultivated land quality in different key lifting areas and villages to be promoted in Mingshui County, some suggestions were put forward to strengthen the establishment of regular evaluation and updating system of cultivated land quality, and to actively carry out land consolidation work. Accelerate the land leveling project; strengthen the use of organic fertilizers, rationally rotate crops, popularize straw returning to the field; improve the concept of releasing chemical fertilizers, apply different fertilizers according to different soils, and improve the quality of cultivated land by deep tillage, deep ploughing, deep loosening, and deep digging. The method of soil improvement was used to increase the thickness of black soil layer and to improve the soil acidity and alkalinity by soil modifier.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F323.211

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本文編號：1683164