本文選題：易地扶貧搬遷　切入點：多維貧困　出處：《中國人口·資源與環(huán)境》2017年11期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：易地扶貧搬遷是精準(zhǔn)扶貧主要實現(xiàn)途徑"五個一批"工程中的重要舉措之一,有效識別易地扶貧搬遷戶及其特征既是貧困研究的基礎(chǔ)理論問題,也是扶貧實踐中精準(zhǔn)幫扶的重要依據(jù)。但由于識別方法欠缺和工作偏差問題,有效識別搬遷戶成為現(xiàn)實難題。本文從家庭稟賦、生態(tài)環(huán)境、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施與公共服務(wù)這三個維度構(gòu)建了易地扶貧搬遷戶識別的多維指標(biāo)體系,根據(jù)扶貧搬遷戶的特征差異,將搬遷農(nóng)戶分為家庭保障型、環(huán)境生存型和自我發(fā)展型三個類型,利用8省16縣2 185戶已納入搬遷計劃的農(nóng)戶樣本,檢驗了多維指標(biāo)體系下的扶貧搬遷戶的識別情況,并采用回歸分解方法分析了不同指標(biāo)對識別準(zhǔn)確率的貢獻(xiàn)度。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)搬遷對象的識別存在一定比例的漏進(jìn),其中陜西、四川和云南三省搬遷農(nóng)戶的識別漏進(jìn)比率最高,漏進(jìn)的類型主要是自我發(fā)展型;(2)學(xué)�？杉靶�、集市可及性、地理條件、醫(yī)院可及性、人均耕地面積是對準(zhǔn)確識別搬遷戶的貢獻(xiàn)度最大的五項指標(biāo)。(3)現(xiàn)行搬遷目標(biāo)并非完全由于生態(tài)惡劣而"非搬不可",部分農(nóng)戶受制于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)條件的不足而被納入了搬遷群體。本文所構(gòu)建的扶貧搬遷戶識別的多維指標(biāo)體系,既為提高扶貧搬遷的瞄準(zhǔn)效率和實施有針對性的配套政策提供參考依據(jù),也為易地扶貧搬遷政策的效果評估提供了有理論價值和可操作化的視角。相關(guān)研究結(jié)論為后續(xù)扶貧搬遷工作提供了一些啟示,扶貧搬遷項目需要重視搬遷對象的識別工作,并注意在部分自然條件尚可的區(qū)域,可以通過完善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)供給的途徑替代易地扶貧搬遷項目。
[Abstract]:It is one of the most important measures in the "five batch" projects to achieve the goal of precision poverty alleviation. It is the basic theoretical problem of poverty research to effectively identify the families and their characteristics of poverty alleviation and relocation. It is also an important basis for accurate help in poverty alleviation practice. However, due to the lack of identification methods and work bias, it becomes a practical problem to effectively identify relocated families. The three dimensions of infrastructure and public service construct a multi-dimensional index system to identify the relocation households. According to the differences of the characteristics of the families, the relocation farmers are divided into three types: family security type, environmental survival type and self-development type. Using the sample of 2,185 households in 16 counties in 8 provinces and counties that have been included in the relocation plan, the identification of poverty alleviation and relocation households under the multi-dimensional index system is tested. The contribution of different indexes to the recognition accuracy is analyzed by regression decomposition method. It is found that there is a certain proportion of leakage in the identification of the moving objects, among which Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces have the highest leakage rate. The main types of leakage are self-development type: school accessibility, market accessibility, geographical conditions, hospital accessibility, The per capita cultivated land area is the biggest contribution index to the accurate identification of the relocation households. 3) the current relocation target is not "necessary to move" because of the bad ecology, and some farmers are constrained by the infrastructure and public service conditions. The multi-dimensional index system of poverty alleviation and relocation is constructed in this paper. Both for improving the targeting efficiency of poverty alleviation and relocation and for the implementation of targeted supporting policies, It also provides a theoretical and operational perspective for the evaluation of the effect of poverty alleviation and relocation policy in different areas. The relevant research conclusions provide some enlightenment for the subsequent work of poverty alleviation and relocation, and the project of poverty alleviation and relocation needs to pay attention to the identification of the moving object. In some areas where natural conditions are available, it is possible to replace relocation projects by improving infrastructure and public service supply.
【作者單位】： 中國人民大學(xué)中國扶貧研究院/農(nóng)業(yè)與農(nóng)村發(fā)展學(xué)院;清華大學(xué)中國農(nóng)村研究院/公共管理學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家社科基金重大項目“實施精準(zhǔn)扶貧、精準(zhǔn)脫貧的機制與政策研究”(批準(zhǔn)號:15ZDC026);國家社科基金青年項目“農(nóng)村老年多維貧困與精準(zhǔn)扶貧機制研究”(批準(zhǔn)號:17CGL030) 清華大學(xué)中國農(nóng)村研究院博士論文獎學(xué)金項目“跨越貧困陷阱:基于資本和權(quán)利的視角”(批準(zhǔn)號:201627) 中國博士后科學(xué)基金資助項目“基于公共服務(wù)虛擬估算的農(nóng)村貧困人口福利水平測量研究”(批準(zhǔn)號:2017M610933)
【分類號】：D632.4;F323.8
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本文編號：1651000