本文選題：河南省　切入點：土地流轉(zhuǎn)信托　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著新型城鎮(zhèn)化的推進,農(nóng)村大量勞動力向二三產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移,農(nóng)村土地閑置率開始上升,為了解決土地拋荒現(xiàn)象,各地紛紛開始進行土地流轉(zhuǎn)。通過土地流轉(zhuǎn),農(nóng)村土地利用率開始上升,土地流出方和土地流入方的收益較之前也都有所增加。但隨著土地流轉(zhuǎn)的推進,土地流轉(zhuǎn)不規(guī)范、農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體融資難等問題也接踵而至,掣肘了土地流轉(zhuǎn)作用的發(fā)揮,亟需探索新的土地流轉(zhuǎn)方式解決當(dāng)前土地流轉(zhuǎn)面臨的難題,土地流轉(zhuǎn)信托應(yīng)運而生。近年來,河南省作為農(nóng)業(yè)大省正著力打造糧食生產(chǎn)核心區(qū),在穩(wěn)定發(fā)展糧食生產(chǎn)的同時,積極推進農(nóng)村經(jīng)營體制創(chuàng)新。隨著其他地區(qū)土地流轉(zhuǎn)信托的開展及其優(yōu)勢的顯現(xiàn),河南省認識到土地流轉(zhuǎn)信托是一種有效的土地改革途徑,不僅能夠有效解決現(xiàn)有土地流轉(zhuǎn)中出現(xiàn)的問題,還具有降低農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本、擠出增值收益、提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量等一系列紅利效應(yīng)。因此,研究河南省土地流轉(zhuǎn)信托的運營機制及實踐探索有助于從根本上理解信托在土地流轉(zhuǎn)中的作用和意義,有利于土地流轉(zhuǎn)信托盈利模式的探索,從而推動河南省農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,具有較大的現(xiàn)實意義。而現(xiàn)有的研究中對土地流轉(zhuǎn)信托運營機制的研究還比較少。基于此,以土地流轉(zhuǎn)信托所應(yīng)具備的基本條件作為研究出發(fā)點,創(chuàng)造性地得出土地確權(quán)、土地規(guī)模經(jīng)營、農(nóng)業(yè)保險的嵌入及完善的農(nóng)村社會保障機制是土地流轉(zhuǎn)信托推行的基本條件,以期為河南省及其他地區(qū)土地流轉(zhuǎn)信托的推行奠定基礎(chǔ)。通過理論及盈利矩陣模型論證了信托契約具有交易成本優(yōu)勢,得出土地流轉(zhuǎn)信托是一種較好的制度選擇,重點利用了有限動態(tài)博弈模型論證了土地流轉(zhuǎn)信托微觀交易主體的行為選擇依據(jù),得出在不完全信息下,委托人不能觀測到受托人的努力情況,受托人的最高努力水平低于完全信息下受托人的努力水平,從而來增加自身的經(jīng)濟效用,他會把責(zé)任歸為外界不確定因素,以此來逃避委托人的指責(zé),即存在“道德風(fēng)險”問題。在完全信息下,引入政府外部監(jiān)督及激勵機制,委托人及受托人行為的最優(yōu)納什均衡為(委托,努力)。因此,在政府的外部監(jiān)督下,只要政府的獎勵和懲罰合理,受托人也會選擇接受委托,并努力經(jīng)營土地,獲得土地的高效收益,同時也保護了土地的高效農(nóng)業(yè)用途。實地調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn)河南省有些地區(qū)已經(jīng)具備開展土地流轉(zhuǎn)信托的條件,淮濱縣等地已經(jīng)開始進行實踐探索,并取得了一定的成效。但在調(diào)研中也發(fā)現(xiàn)河南省的土地確權(quán)工作尚未全面完成,農(nóng)村社會保障機制不夠健全,對農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體和信托機構(gòu)的資格審查不夠重視等問題,這些問題有可能滋生土地流轉(zhuǎn)信托風(fēng)險。為了降低風(fēng)險可能性,可從加快土地確權(quán)工作,健全農(nóng)村社會保障機制,建立農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體資格審查機制以及加強對信托機構(gòu)的審查力度幾方面著手,為土地流轉(zhuǎn)信托的制度制定及選擇提供一種思路,從而推進河南省的農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化及城鎮(zhèn)化進程。
[Abstract]:With the advance of new urbanization, a large number of rural labor transfer to the two or three industry, rural land idle rate began to rise, in order to solve the phenomenon of land abandonment, have started around the land. The land circulation, rural land utilization rate began to rise, land and land inflow outflow side gains than before also increased. But with the to promote land circulation, land circulation is not standard, agricultural enterprises financing problems ensued, constraints of the land transfer function, we need to explore new ways to solve the problem when the land before the land transfer, land transfer trust came into being. In recent years, as a major agricultural province of Henan province is to build the core of grain production in the stable development of grain production area, and actively promote the innovation of rural management system. With the transfer of land trust in other areas and carry out Advantage, Henan province to realize the land transfer trust is an effective way to land reform, not only can effectively solve the existing problems in the land circulation, but also has to reduce the agricultural production cost, out of value-added benefits, improve the quality of agricultural products and a series of dividend effect. Therefore, the operating mechanism and practice of land transfer trust research Henan Province, the exploration is helpful in understanding and meaning of trust in land transfer function fundamentally, is conducive to explore the land transfer trust profit model, so as to promote the development of rural economy in Henan Province, has the practical significance is large. And the operating mechanism of the land transfer trust of the existing research is still relatively small. Based on this, the land transfer should have the basic conditions of the trust as the starting point, creatively the land ownership, land management, agricultural insurance is embedded and perfect The rural social security system is the basic condition for the implementation of the land transfer trust, in order to lay the foundation for the implementation of the trust land transfer in Henan province and other regions. Through theory and profit matrix model demonstrates the trust contract with transaction cost advantage, the land transfer trust is to choose a better system, focusing on the use of the finite dynamic game model demonstration the land transfer trust micro transaction behavior of the main selection, obtained under incomplete information to the client can not observe the trustee, the trustee of the highest level is lower than the end to the trustee under the full information level of effort, in order to increase the economic utility of its own, he will take responsibility for the uncertainty the principal factors, so as to avoid the criticism, namely "moral hazard". In the case of complete information, the introduction of government external supervision and incentive mechanism, the principal The optimal Nash equilibrium to behavior and the trustee (trust, effort). Therefore, the external supervision of the government, as long as the government's reward and punishment is reasonable, the trustee will choose to accept the Commission, and to manage the land, efficiency gains access to land, but also to protect the agricultural land use efficiency of field research. Found that some areas of Henan province has to carry out the land transfer trust conditions, Huaibin county and other places have begun to practice and exploration, and achieved certain results. But in the survey also found that land ownership in Henan province has not been fully completed, the rural social security mechanism is not perfect, the problem of qualification of agricultural business entities and trusts not pay enough attention to these problems, it is possible to breed trust land transfer risk. In order to reduce the risk from speeding up the possibility of land ownership, perfecting the rural social security mechanism construction In order to promote the modernization of agriculture and the process of urbanization in Henan Province, we should set up the qualification examination mechanism and strengthen the review of trust institutions.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F321.1

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