本文關(guān)鍵詞： 農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化 形成機(jī)理 生產(chǎn)集中度 空間模型 實(shí)證研究　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：西方發(fā)達(dá)國家的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展歷程表明,區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化是推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本前提和重要手段。我國的農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化起步于上世紀(jì)八十年代初期,經(jīng)過三十多年的努力,取得了一定的成績,但是專業(yè)化水平仍然較低。因此,如何快速提高農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化程度對于我國農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文首先對農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化進(jìn)行理論分析,提出形成機(jī)理。接著描述了中國主要農(nóng)作物(稻谷、小麥、玉米、花生和棉花)的生產(chǎn)區(qū)域及其變化情況。最后運(yùn)用空間計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的相關(guān)知識(shí),建立空間模型,在省域?qū)用?對我國農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化的影響因素進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析。 文章提出了農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化的形成動(dòng)因和形成條件。前者包括區(qū)域比較優(yōu)勢、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢和農(nóng)民增收效應(yīng),后者包括需求條件、供給條件、配套設(shè)施條件和政府農(nóng)業(yè)政策。從我國農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化的描述性分析中可以看到,我國稻谷生產(chǎn)總體由東南沿海地區(qū)向北方地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移,尤其是向東北三省移動(dòng)；小麥則由東北和西南地區(qū)向華東和中南地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移；玉米的增產(chǎn)主要發(fā)生在東北和華北地區(qū)；花生產(chǎn)業(yè)狀況良好,傳統(tǒng)主產(chǎn)區(qū)不斷增產(chǎn)；棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)區(qū)域變化較大,由中東部地區(qū)快速向新疆轉(zhuǎn)移,后者已經(jīng)成為全國最大的產(chǎn)棉基地。實(shí)證分析表明,我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)存在明顯的空間效應(yīng),區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化水平與有效灌溉面積、單產(chǎn)、農(nóng)業(yè)人口呈顯著正相關(guān),與農(nóng)村居民人均純收入呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),化肥施用量對不同農(nóng)作物的專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)影響方向不同,在糧食作物專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)中,非農(nóng)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)對其影響顯著為負(fù),而在經(jīng)濟(jì)作物中則變得不顯著。 根據(jù)研究結(jié)論,本文建議加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),提高農(nóng)業(yè)科技水平；加大農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼力度,擴(kuò)大農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)范圍；加快農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)專業(yè)化發(fā)展；健全農(nóng)用地流轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)制,擴(kuò)大農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模。
[Abstract]:The course of agricultural development in western developed countries shows that regional specialization is the basic prerequisite and important means to promote the agricultural economy. China's agricultural regional specialization started in the beginning of -20s and has gone through more than 30 years of efforts. Some achievements have been made, but the level of specialization is still low. Therefore, how to improve the degree of agricultural regional specialization is of great practical significance to the development of agriculture in China. In this paper, the regional specialization of agriculture is analyzed theoretically, and the formation mechanism is put forward, and then the main crops (rice, wheat, maize) in China are described. Finally, by using the relevant knowledge of spatial econometrics, the spatial model is established, and the influencing factors of agricultural regional specialization in China are analyzed empirically at the provincial level. The former includes regional comparative advantage, scale economy advantage and peasant income increasing effect, the latter includes demand condition and supply condition. From the descriptive analysis of agricultural regional specialization in China, we can see that rice production in our country has been transferred from the southeast coastal area to the north area, especially to the three northeast provinces; Wheat was transferred from northeast and southwest to east and south of China; maize production increased mainly in Northeast and North China; peanut industry was in good condition, and the traditional main producing areas were increasing production. The former has become the largest cotton production base in China. The empirical analysis shows that there are obvious spatial effects in agricultural production in China, regional specialization level, effective irrigation area, yield per unit yield, regional specialization level, and effective irrigation area. There was a significant positive correlation between the agricultural population and the per capita net income of rural residents. The effect of fertilizer application on the specialized production of different crops was different. The impact of non-farm employment opportunities was significantly negative, but not significant in cash crops. According to the conclusions of the study, this paper suggests strengthening the construction of agricultural infrastructure, improving the level of agricultural science and technology, increasing agricultural subsidies, expanding the scope of agricultural insurance, speeding up the development of agricultural specialization in the underdeveloped areas of rural economy. Improve the agricultural land transfer mechanism, expand the scale of agricultural production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323

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本文編號：1498459