本文關鍵詞： 城鎮(zhèn)化 城鄉(xiāng)差距 綜合評價指標體系 中國　出處：《華南理工大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：全球城鎮(zhèn)化進程已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了三次大的浪潮,隨著時間的推移,三次城鎮(zhèn)化浪潮的持續(xù)時間不斷壓縮,人口規(guī)模不斷提升,城鎮(zhèn)化動力和背景更趨多元,同時來自資源和環(huán)境的制約也更為苛刻。與此同時,在全球城鎮(zhèn)化進程的不同階段,都出現(xiàn)了相應的社會問題。中國作為第三次城鎮(zhèn)化浪潮的典型代表,在城鎮(zhèn)化進程中,總結前兩次浪潮的經(jīng)驗教訓,極大地推動了本國的城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展。幾經(jīng)波折之后,中國的城鎮(zhèn)化進程進入健康持續(xù)快速發(fā)展時期,城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展迅速。短短30多年的時間,中國的城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展完成了美國耗時約60年、英國耗時約100年才能完成的任務,城鎮(zhèn)化進程高度“濃縮”。在內(nèi)外環(huán)境的作用之下,中國高度“濃縮”的城鎮(zhèn)化,濃縮的不僅是成就,更是問題。由于時間較短,沒有充足的時間讓中國的城市實現(xiàn)多維進程的同步轉(zhuǎn)型,中國的城鎮(zhèn)化不僅會出現(xiàn)其他國家所遇到的矛盾和問題,如居民貧困、住房擁擠、公共衛(wèi)生差、基礎設施不足等,還必然會產(chǎn)生一些新矛盾和新問題,如城鄉(xiāng)差距大、老齡化、食品安全等。觀察世界各國的城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展歷程,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)城鎮(zhèn)化的原始積累是基于對社會弱勢群體的整體剝奪。中國也不例外,一系列“抑農(nóng)重工、劫鄉(xiāng)濟城”的行為,使得中國的城鎮(zhèn)化帶有了二元性乃至多元性的矛盾特征。中國作為傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)國家,在特殊的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略以及經(jīng)濟規(guī)律的運作之下,通過人為或非人為的方式塑造了城鄉(xiāng)二元局面,使城市和農(nóng)村之間的差距拉大,城鄉(xiāng)差距成為中國城鎮(zhèn)化進程中的主要矛盾之一。2011年,中國的城鎮(zhèn)化率達到51.27%,標志著中國城市社會來臨,并進入社會矛盾頻發(fā)期。本文以中國城鎮(zhèn)化進程中主要矛盾之一的城鄉(xiāng)差距為研究對象,通過構建綜合指標體系,收集改革開放以來的相關數(shù)據(jù),從全國的縱向比較和省級的橫向?qū)Ρ葍蓚�維度,分析中國城鎮(zhèn)化進程中城鄉(xiāng)差距的發(fā)展現(xiàn)象、特征和可能的原因,并在此基礎之上,提出縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距并促進城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的對策與建議,為中國城鎮(zhèn)化的健康發(fā)展提供基礎研究依據(jù)。本文研究的主要內(nèi)容如下:首先,分別概述了世界的和中國的城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展歷程,總結了中國城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展過程中的主要問題,明確城鄉(xiāng)差距是中國城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展進程中的主要矛盾之一,并確定城鄉(xiāng)差距為本文的研究對象。然后在歸納總結城鄉(xiāng)差距的現(xiàn)有研究的基礎之上,提出本文可能深入拓展研究的幾個方面:城鄉(xiāng)差距概念的界定,城鄉(xiāng)生態(tài)環(huán)境、支撐系統(tǒng)及文化等方面的差距研究,綜合評價指標體系的構建,城鄉(xiāng)差距的多學科交叉性研究。其次,結合當前學術界有關城鄉(xiāng)差距的研究,尤其是量化方面的研究,參考城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌、城鄉(xiāng)一體化、小康社會等綜合評價指標體系,構建符合中國國情的城鄉(xiāng)差距綜合評價指標體系(綜合評價指標體系包含1個目標層,3個準則層,8個子準則層,16個指標),在此基礎之上,通過專家打分法確定指標體系中各層次指標的權重。再次,收集全國1978-2012年和省級2011年的數(shù)據(jù),應用綜合評價指標體系分析中國城鄉(xiāng)差距發(fā)展特征與形成原因。結果表明,中國總體上仍處于農(nóng)村落后于城市的現(xiàn)狀,中國城鄉(xiāng)綜合差距的發(fā)展變化呈倒“U”型分布規(guī)律。近年來,隨著新政策、新理念的逐步落實,中國城鄉(xiāng)之間“量”上的差距在逐漸縮小,而“質(zhì)”上的差距縮小仍需加強。在省域?qū)用?同屬中國的各省,政治、經(jīng)濟、社會等大的國內(nèi)環(huán)境和國際背景都基本相同,但因改革的不同步和政府對政策執(zhí)行的差異,導致同一時間,不同地域的城鄉(xiāng)綜合差距不因城鎮(zhèn)化水平的高低而表現(xiàn)出明顯的變化規(guī)律,但在空間層面上總體表現(xiàn)為:東小于西、南小于北。最后,在綜合分析的基礎上,借鑒發(fā)達國家的經(jīng)驗,從經(jīng)濟、社會、環(huán)境、支撐系統(tǒng)、文化等方面提出中國縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距并促進城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的對策與建議。
[Abstract]:The global urbanization process has experienced three big waves, with the passage of time, the three wave of urbanization the duration of continuous compression, the size of the population increase, urbanization power and the background of diversification, at the same time from the restriction of resources and environment are more demanding. At the same time, in different stages of global urbanization in the process, there are corresponding social problems. Chinese as a typical representative of the third wave of urbanization, in the process of urbanization, summarizing the experience and lessons before the two wave, which greatly promoted the development of urbanization in our country. After twists and turns, the process of urbanization Chinese into healthy sustained and rapid development period, the town rapidly. Just 30 years time, the development of urbanization China the completion of the United States takes about 60 years, the British took about 100 years to complete the task, the process of urbanization are highly concentrated in the inside and outside. Under the environment, Chinese highly concentrated in the urbanization, the concentration is not only the achievement is. Due to the short time, there is not enough time to achieve the synchronization process of multidimensional China city transformation, China urbanization will not only contradictions and problems encountered in other countries, such as the residents of poverty. Crowded housing, public health is poor, lack of infrastructure, it will inevitably produce some new contradictions and problems, such as the gap between urban and rural areas, aging, food safety and so on. To observe the urbanization development of the world, can be found in the primitive accumulation of urbanization is the overall social deprivation on vulnerable groups based on the China also. Without exception, a series of "suppression of agricultural industries," Xiang Ji City ", the China urbanization with the contradiction and diversity characteristics of two yuan. China as a traditional agricultural country, in particular the development strategy in And under the laws of economic operation, through human or non-human shapes the way two yuan in urban and rural areas, the gap between the city and the countryside widening gap between urban and rural areas has become the main contradiction Chinese in the process of urbanization is one of the Chinese.2011 years, the urbanization rate reached 51.27%, marking the advent of Chinese city society, and enter society conflict prone period. One of the main contradictions in China urbanization process in the gap between urban and rural areas as the research object, by constructing the comprehensive index system, collect relevant data since the reform and opening up, from the two dimensions of the vertical comparison and horizontal comparison at the provincial level, analysis of the development gap between urban and rural areas Chinese phenomenon in the process of urbanization, characteristics and the reasons, and on this basis, narrowing the gap between urban and rural and put forward countermeasures and suggestions of promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, to provide basic research basis for the healthy development of urbanization Chinese . the main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the urbanization development of the world and Chinese are outlined, summarizes the main problems in the development of urbanization in the process of China, clear the gap between urban and rural areas is one of the main contradiction in the process Chinese in the development of urbanization, and to determine the gap between urban and rural areas as the research object of this paper is based on the existing research. Then summarize the gap between urban and rural areas in this, this paper puts forward several aspects may further expand the research of the definition of the concept of the gap between urban and rural areas, urban and rural ecological environment, the research gap between support system and culture, establishing comprehensive evaluation index system, multidisciplinary research of the gap between urban and rural areas. Secondly, combined with the current research on the gap between urban and rural areas in academic circles, especially the quantitative research on the reference of urban and rural, urban and rural integration, the comprehensive evaluation index system of well-off society, constructing the city Chinese conditions The township gap (the comprehensive evaluation index system of comprehensive evaluation index system includes 1 layers, 3 layers, 8 sub criteria layer, 16 indicators), on this basis, determine the weight of each index in the index system by using expert scoring method. Thirdly, collection of national and provincial 1978-2012 data in 2011, and the formation of a comprehensive evaluation index system of application and analysis of the gap between urban and rural areas Chinese development characteristics. The results show that the China overall is still in the situation of rural development lags behind the city, the gap between urban and rural comprehensive change Chinese inverted "U" type distribution. In recent years, with the new policy, the new concept of the gradual implementation of the "quantity" between urban and rural areas, Chinese the gap is gradually narrowing, and "quality" to narrow the gap still needs to be strengthened. At the provincial level, belong to the China provinces, political, economic, social and other large domestic environment and international back view is basically the same, but because of The difference is not synchronous and government reform of the policy execution, in the same time, the gap between urban and rural comprehensive in different regions because of the level of urbanization and show significant variation, but the overall performance in the space level is less than the East West, North South less than. Finally, on the basis of comprehensive analysis. Learn from the experience of developed countries, from the economic, social, environmental, cultural and other aspects of support system, narrowing the gap between urban and China measures and suggestions to promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.

【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F299.2;F320

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