本文關(guān)鍵詞：甘肅省苜蓿產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展對(duì)策　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)作為世界和我國(guó)種植最廣泛的優(yōu)良豆科牧草,在國(guó)家食物安全和生態(tài)安全等方面發(fā)揮著日益重要的作用。甘肅省素有種植紫花苜蓿的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng),近年來(lái),更是得到了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展,現(xiàn)已成為我國(guó)種植面積最大的省份。本研究以甘肅省酒泉、張掖、金昌、白銀、蘭州、甘南、定西、平?jīng)�、慶陽(yáng)等市州24家具有代表性的苜蓿生產(chǎn)與加工企業(yè)和120戶農(nóng)戶為研究對(duì)象,實(shí)地調(diào)查了解了企業(yè)與農(nóng)戶苜蓿生產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)狀以及存在問(wèn)題,據(jù)此提出了甘肅省苜蓿產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的相應(yīng)對(duì)策。所獲主要結(jié)果如下：1、甘肅省苜蓿產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)模式對(duì)于農(nóng)戶來(lái)說(shuō)主要是分散種植模式、調(diào)查的企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)模式可分為兩種,分別是單一種植模式和種植+養(yǎng)殖模式,其中第一種為主體經(jīng)營(yíng)模式,占調(diào)查企業(yè)總數(shù)的85.7%。2、在研究條件下,企業(yè)的苜蓿產(chǎn)量和收益在灌溉條件下較旱作更有優(yōu)勢(shì)。灌溉條件下,每年可收割3-4茬,干草平均產(chǎn)量達(dá)15000/hm2,平均成本12600元/hm2,收入30450元/hm2,純收益達(dá)17805元/hm2；旱作條件下每年僅收割2茬,產(chǎn)量7500kg/hm2左右,平均成本2625元/hm2,收入12750元/hm2,純收益為10125元/hm2。3、調(diào)查的24家企業(yè)只生產(chǎn)草捆有12家,占比50%;只生產(chǎn)草粉的有2家,占比8.33%；生產(chǎn)草捆和草顆粒系列產(chǎn)品的有3家,占比12.5%；生產(chǎn)草捆和草粉系列產(chǎn)品的有2家,占比8.33%；生產(chǎn)草捆、草顆粒、草粉系列產(chǎn)品的有4家,占比16.67%；草捆、草顆粒、草塊、草粉四種產(chǎn)品均生產(chǎn)的企業(yè)僅有1家,占比4.17%。4、苜蓿粗蛋白含量18%以上的7家企業(yè)均位于河西；而河?xùn)|地區(qū)苜蓿品質(zhì)相對(duì)較低,粗蛋白含量從12%-18%不等,粗蛋白含量16%以下的企業(yè)中94%均位于河?xùn)|。5、農(nóng)民種植苜蓿的成本與收益因地區(qū)而異。甘肅省會(huì)寧縣旱作條件下苜蓿種植成本遠(yuǎn)低于其他農(nóng)作物,僅為1800元/hm2,純收益為2700元/hm2,大于小麥的2550元/hm2,但卻小于玉米的4500元/hm2和馬鈴薯的10350元/hm2；在河西走廊灌溉條件下種植苜蓿成本高與旱作條件時(shí)的苜蓿種植成本,但仍小于其他農(nóng)作物,達(dá)5100元/hm2,純收益處于中游,為8400元/hm2,大于小麥的8250元/hm2和大麥的4410元/hm2,小于馬鈴薯的19500元/hm2。6、甘肅省苜蓿產(chǎn)業(yè)存在的主要問(wèn)題：政策支持力度較小、缺乏統(tǒng)一的苜蓿質(zhì)量體系、企業(yè)深加工能力較差、產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平低、草畜一體化進(jìn)程低、缺乏牧草信息化服務(wù)平臺(tái)以及農(nóng)戶種植苜蓿的比較效益較低。7、甘肅省苜蓿產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展對(duì)策建議：加強(qiáng)政府政策支持力度、建立統(tǒng)一的苜蓿質(zhì)量體系標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、科學(xué)規(guī)劃生產(chǎn)模式、大力發(fā)展牧草專業(yè)合作社、建設(shè)苜蓿信息化服務(wù)平臺(tái)。
[Abstract]:Medicago sativa is the most widely cultivated legume forage in the world and China. It plays an increasingly important role in national food security and ecological security. Gansu Province has a good tradition of planting alfalfa, but in recent years, it has been greatly developed. Jiuquan, Zhangye, Jinchang, Baiyin, Lanzhou, Gannan, Dingxi, Pingliang were studied in this study. Qingyang and other cities 24 representative alfalfa production and processing enterprises and 120 farmers as the research object, field investigation to understand the current situation and problems of alfalfa production of enterprises and farmers. Accordingly, the corresponding countermeasures of alfalfa industry development in Gansu province were put forward. The main results were as follows: 1. The management mode of alfalfa industry in Gansu province was mainly distributed planting pattern for farmers. There are two types of business models in the investigation, one is the single planting model and the other is the cultivation model, the first is the main business model, which accounts for 85.70.2. under the research conditions. The yield and income of alfalfa are better in irrigation than in dry farming. Under irrigation condition, 3-4 crops can be harvested every year, and the average yield of hay is 15 000 / hm ~ 2. The average cost is 12600 yuan / hm ~ (2), the income is 30450 yuan / hm ~ (2), the net income is 17805 yuan / / hm ~ (2); Under the condition of dry farming, only two crops are harvested every year, the yield is about 7500 kg / hm ~ 2, the average cost is 2,625 yuan / hm ~ 2, and the income is 12750 yuan / hm ~ 2. The net income was 10125 yuan / hm ~ (2. 3), and only 12 of the 24 enterprises surveyed produced bales of grass, accounting for 50%; There were only 2 plants producing grass powder, accounting for 8.33%. The production of straw bundles and grass granules series of products there are 3, accounting for 12.5% of the total; The production of straw bundles and grass powder series of products there are 2, accounting for 8.33; The production of straw bundles, grass granules, grass powder series of products there are 4, accounting for 16.67m; There was only one enterprise producing four kinds of products, including bales, grass granules, grass blocks and grass powder, accounting for 4.17.4%. The 7 enterprises with crude protein content of alfalfa above 18% were all located in Hexi. The quality of alfalfa in Hedong area was relatively low, the crude protein content ranged from 12% to 18%. 94% of the enterprises with crude protein content below 16% were located in Hedong. 5. The cost and income of alfalfa planting varied with different regions. The cost of alfalfa planting was much lower than that of other crops under dry cultivation condition in Huining County Gansu Province. It was only 1800 yuan / hm ~ 2 and the net income was 2700 yuan / hm ~ 2. It is larger than wheat $2550 / hm ~ (2), but smaller than corn's $4,500 / hm ~ (2) and potato's $10350 / hm ~ (2). Under the irrigation condition of Hexi Corridor, the cost of alfalfa planting is high and the cost of alfalfa planting under dry condition is still lower than that of other crops, reaching 5100 yuan / hm ~ (2). The net income is in the middle reaches. It was 8400 yuan / hm ~ (2), more than 8250 yuan / hm ~ (2) of wheat and 4410 yuan / hm ~ (2) of barley, and less than 19500 yuan / hm ~ (2) of potato. The main problems of alfalfa industry in Gansu province are: less policy support, lack of unified alfalfa quality system, poor deep processing ability, low industrialization level and low integration process of grass and livestock. Lack of forage information service platform and farmers planting alfalfa comparative benefits are low, Gansu Province alfalfa industry development countermeasures: strengthen government policy support, establish a unified alfalfa quality system standards. Scientific planning production model, vigorously developing professional cooperatives, building alfalfa information service platform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F326.12

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