本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國糧食生產(chǎn)潛力及灌溉水貢獻(xiàn)研究　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 糧食生產(chǎn)潛力 AEZ模型 灌溉水貢獻(xiàn)量 適宜種植面積

【摘要】：糧食生產(chǎn)潛力研究是糧食安全研究的重要內(nèi)容。工業(yè)革命以來,全球氣候變化加劇,水資源匱乏,新的氣候環(huán)境下世界糧食安全壓力增大。我國是人口大國,對我國的糧食生產(chǎn)潛力及灌溉水貢獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行定量研究對保障我國糧食安全具有重要的研究意義。以2010年我國耕地空間分布遙感監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合1981年～2010年的平均氣候狀況及土壤、地形等數(shù)據(jù),采用AEZ (Agro-Ecological Zones)模型,綜合考慮光、溫、水、C02濃度、病蟲害、農(nóng)業(yè)氣候限制、土壤、地形等多方面因素,在估算中國水稻、小麥、玉米和大豆四種主要農(nóng)作物在雨養(yǎng)和灌溉兩種情景下的生產(chǎn)潛力及適宜種植面積的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了四種主要農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)潛力及灌溉水對糧食生產(chǎn)潛力的貢獻(xiàn)的空間格局特征。研究結(jié)論如下：(1)從生產(chǎn)潛力看,無論雨養(yǎng)還是灌溉情景下,玉米的全國生產(chǎn)潛力總量最高,其次是小麥和水稻,大豆最低。(2)兩種情景下四種作物適宜種植面積空間分布差異顯著。水稻適宜種植面積在雨養(yǎng)和灌溉兩種情景下分布差異顯著：在雨養(yǎng)情景下僅分布在中國南部,廣大北方地區(qū)無法種植水稻,適宜種植面積僅57.82百萬公頃。高值區(qū)主要集中在長江中下游沿線地區(qū)、兩湖平原和鄱陽湖平原等地；而在灌溉情景下明顯向北擴(kuò)張,水稻適宜種植面積達(dá)152.31百萬公頃,尤其是東北平原和黃淮海平原,成為水稻的高產(chǎn)種植區(qū)。其他三種作物在雨養(yǎng)和灌溉兩種情景下分布差異較�。涸谟牮B(yǎng)情景下黃淮海平原南部、長江中下游平原沿長江以北的地區(qū)、東北平原部分地區(qū)是我國的小麥、玉米和大豆生產(chǎn)潛力高值區(qū)主要集中交匯處；在灌溉情景下這三種作物的適宜種植區(qū)面積擴(kuò)張較小,在10百萬公頃左右,主要集中在北方干旱半干旱地區(qū)�？梢姵怂�,其他三種作物在灌溉情景下比雨養(yǎng)情景下生產(chǎn)潛力總量的增加,主要是通過原有適宜種植區(qū)上的生產(chǎn)潛力的提高而不是適宜種植區(qū)面積的增加來獲得的。(3)四種作物的灌溉水貢獻(xiàn)量及空間分布差異顯著。分作物看,灌溉水對水稻生產(chǎn)潛力貢獻(xiàn)最大,達(dá)373.55百萬噸,對大豆生產(chǎn)潛力貢獻(xiàn)最小。灌溉水對水稻生產(chǎn)潛力貢獻(xiàn)的空間分布與其他三種作物有所差別。灌溉水對水稻生產(chǎn)潛力最大的農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)是黃淮海平原和東北三大平原,雨養(yǎng)情景下水稻不需要灌溉補(bǔ)給的地區(qū)主要分布在長江中下游平原地區(qū)的湖南、江西、浙江和華南區(qū)北部；灌溉水對玉米、小麥和大豆生產(chǎn)潛力貢獻(xiàn)較大的地區(qū)大體一致集中分布在我國北方,且大致呈現(xiàn)由東南向西北增加的趨勢,在新疆綠洲、河西走廊、河套平原、陰山山麓、科爾沁沙地等地灌溉水貢獻(xiàn)量最大。這三種作物沒有灌溉需求的地區(qū)大致集中在長白山東麓小部分地區(qū)、四川盆地或貴州和兩廣地區(qū)、洞庭湖平原和鄱陽湖平原等地。(4)總體上,在雨養(yǎng)和灌溉情景下我國糧食生產(chǎn)潛力總量和適宜種植面積排名前三的均為：長江中下游地區(qū)、黃淮海平原、東北平原,而華南區(qū)和青藏高原區(qū)排名末位。作物生產(chǎn)潛力的灌溉水貢獻(xiàn)量最高的是北方干旱半干旱區(qū),作物的灌溉需求面積最大的是黃淮海平原區(qū)、東北平原區(qū)和北方干旱半干旱區(qū)。研究揭示了中國近30年氣候環(huán)境下主要糧食作物生產(chǎn)潛力及其灌溉水貢獻(xiàn)量的空間格局特征,對于我國主要糧食作物生產(chǎn)布局調(diào)整、農(nóng)業(yè)水利灌溉設(shè)施建設(shè)、人口政策和土地政策制定,及國家糧食安全的保障均具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Study on the production potential of grain is an important research content of grain security. Since the industrial revolution, contribute to global climate change, water scarcity, pressure increase world grain security under the new climate environment. China is a populous country, for the quantitative study of China's grain production potential and contribution of irrigation water has important significance to guarantee China's food security. The distribution of cultivated land spatial remote sensing monitoring data in China in 2010 as the foundation, combined with the 1981 to 2010 the average climate condition and soil, terrain data, using AEZ (Agro-Ecological Zones) model, considering the light, water, temperature, C02 concentration, plant diseases and insect pests, agricultural climatic limiting factors, soil. The terrain, in the estimation of Chinese rice, wheat, four main crops of corn and soybean under rainfed and irrigated two scenarios of production potential and suitable planting area on the basis of analysis of the four main The spatial pattern of contribution to crop production potential and irrigation water for food production potential. The research conclusions are as follows: (1) from the production potential, both rainfed and irrigated conditions, the national corn production potential of the highest amount, followed by wheat and rice, soybean. The lowest (2) under the two scenarios four crop planting area spatial distribution difference is significant. The difference of rice suitable planting area in rainfed and irrigated two scenarios: significantly under rainfed situation only distributed in the southern Chinese, rice to grow the northern area, suitable planting area of only 57 million 820 thousand hectares. High value areas are mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River region along Hubei and Hunan, plain and Poyang Lake plain; and in the irrigation scenario obviously northward expansion of rice planting area of 152 million 310 thousand hectares, especially in the Northeast Plain and Huanghuaihai Plain, rice became high All the other three crops planting area. Small differences in the distribution in rainfed and irrigated under two scenarios: in Rainfed situations in Huanghuaihai plain south of the Yangtze River plain along the north of the Yangtze River region, Northeast China Plain is wheat, corn and soybean production potential high value areas are mainly concentrated at the junction of in the three scenario irrigation; crop planting area expansion area is smaller, at about 10 million hectares, mainly concentrated in the northern arid and semi-arid area. In addition to visible rice, the other three crops in the irrigation scenario than the rainfed situations increase the production potential of the total, is mainly achieved by the suitable planting area of the improve the production potential and not suitable planting area. (3) the contribution amount of irrigation water and the spatial distribution difference of four crops significantly. Crops, with irrigation water on rice production potential in the, Up to 373 million 550 thousand tons, the smallest contribution to soybean production potential. The irrigation water distribution on the contribution of rice production potential of the space and the other three crops vary. Irrigation water on rice production potential in agricultural area is in Huanghuaihai Plain and Northeast Three Great Plains, rainfed rice situation does not need irrigation recharge areas are mainly distributed in the Yangtze River the downstream plain area of Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Northern Southern China area; irrigation water for corn, wheat and soybean production potential contribution to the larger area roughly the same concentration distribution in North China, and the increasing trend from southeast to northwest, in Xinjiang oasis, Hexi Corridor, Hetao Plain, mountain foothills, etc. in Horqin sandy land irrigation water. The largest contribution to the amount of the three crops without irrigation demand area largely concentrated in the Changbai Mountain East small area, Sichuan basin or Guizhou and Guangdong and Guangxi, hole Dongting Lake Plain and Poyang Lake plain. (4) on the whole, in the rainfed and irrigated conditions the total potential of China's grain production and planting area of the top three are: the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, the North China Plain, Northeast China Plain, the Southern China region and Qinghai Tibet Plateau area ranking at the end of the crop production potential. Irrigation water amount of contribution is the highest in northern arid and semi arid areas, crop irrigation demand is the largest area of Huanghuaihai plain area, Northeast Plain and northern arid and semi-arid area. Research reveals the spatial pattern of Chinese nearly 30 years of climate potential productivity of major grain crops and irrigation water amount of contribution, the main grain crops the production layout adjustment of our country agriculture, irrigation facilities, population policy and land policy, and national food security are of great significance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S274;F326.11

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