本文選題：小麥 + 產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：糧食商品生產(chǎn)出來以后,通過交換,實現(xiàn)從生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域向消費領(lǐng)域轉(zhuǎn)移,這種流通過程是以貨幣為媒介,借助貨幣流通職能和支付職能來實現(xiàn)的。糧食流通是整個社會商品流通的組成部分,其生產(chǎn)的區(qū)域性和分布的不均衡特點決定了隨著市場的發(fā)展,糧食流通將會不斷增加。糧食從生產(chǎn)到消費,中間經(jīng)歷了生產(chǎn)、加工、銷售等多環(huán)節(jié)多過程,其價格的形成過程、傳導(dǎo)機制、漲跌環(huán)節(jié)、波動原因及利益流向,是一個涉及面廣、影響因素多的復(fù)雜問題。作為三大主糧之一的小麥在黃淮海平原的產(chǎn)量約占小麥總產(chǎn)量的75%,選取此區(qū)域的小麥流通作為研究對象,具有很強的代表性。小麥全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的研究對于糧食流通產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展及國家糧食安全具有重要意義,同時產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈成本收益中存在的一些問題,也是2014年國家糧食安全新戰(zhàn)略中需解決的問題。 關(guān)于小麥從“田間到餐桌”的研究不多,本文以小麥主產(chǎn)區(qū)生產(chǎn)、流通、加工及主銷區(qū)零售產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈為主線,通過實地調(diào)研小麥的生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)、流通環(huán)節(jié),向下跟蹤到面粉加工企業(yè)和北京的大型超市及農(nóng)貿(mào)批發(fā)市場獲得的數(shù)據(jù),從單位及年化兩個角度分析了產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈各環(huán)節(jié)的成本收益狀況,分析得出：從單位成本收益方面分析知生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)的成本收益都是最高的,加工環(huán)節(jié)的成本投入位居其次,但其利潤較低；將流通量及流通周期因素引入之后,生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)的成本投入及利潤最低,加工環(huán)節(jié)的成本投入及利潤最高,流通環(huán)節(jié)中大型糧販依靠價格差異的信息流賺取高額利潤,而一道糧販及基層糧站的收益相對來說則較少；利潤在各流通主體之間的分配是不均衡的,農(nóng)民無法享受到小麥在流通過程中的價值增值部分。主要原因在于小麥生產(chǎn)具有季節(jié)性和周期性,消費則是具有穩(wěn)定性和均衡性,而流通和零售的產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)營則具有常態(tài)性和高風(fēng)險。小麥現(xiàn)金成本的主要影響因素是單產(chǎn)、價格、直接費用、間接費用,尤其是單產(chǎn)及價格對現(xiàn)金收益的影響最大,價格及單產(chǎn)的提高對現(xiàn)金收益的正向影響大于成本上升對現(xiàn)金收益的負向影響。但是從實際情況來說,成本的快速增長還是壓縮了小麥的利潤空問,糧食漲價帶來的好處基本被成本的增加抵消掉了。通過小麥價格波動幅度及變異系數(shù)的分析得知,小麥全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈整體處于低風(fēng)險及低報酬的狀態(tài)。 最后,在前文所做分析的基礎(chǔ)上,并結(jié)合實際狀況,提出縮減各環(huán)節(jié)成本、提高收益的政策建議,針對全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈整體微利的行業(yè)情況,從全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈角度出發(fā),提出提高其整體收益及平衡各環(huán)節(jié)收益的政策建議。
[Abstract]:After the grain commodity is produced, it transfers from the production field to the consumption field through the exchange. This circulation process is realized by the currency as the medium, with the help of the currency circulation function and the payment function. Grain circulation is an integral part of the circulation of commodities in the whole society. With the development of the market, the distribution of grain will increase with the development of the market. From production to consumption, grain has experienced many processes, such as production, processing, and sales. Its price formation process, transmission mechanism, ups and downs, fluctuation causes and benefit flow are a wide range. A complex problem with many factors affecting it. As one of the three main grains, the yield of wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain accounts for about 75% of the total yield of wheat. The circulation of wheat in this area is chosen as the research object, which has strong representativeness. The research of wheat whole industry chain is of great significance to the development of grain circulation industry and national food security. Meanwhile, some problems existing in the cost and income of industry chain are also the problems to be solved in the new strategy of national food security in 2014. There are few researches on wheat from "field to table". In this paper, the production, circulation, processing and retail industry chain of wheat main production area are taken as the main line, and the production link and circulation link of wheat are investigated on the spot. By tracking down the data obtained from flour processing enterprises, large supermarkets in Beijing and agricultural and trade wholesale markets, the cost and income status of each link in the industrial chain is analyzed from the perspective of unit and annualization. The analysis shows that the cost and benefit of the production link are the highest, the cost input of the processing link is the second, but its profit is lower, and the circulation flux and circulation cycle factor are introduced, after the analysis of the unit cost and income, the cost and income of the production link are all the highest. The cost input and profit of the production link is the lowest, the cost input and profit of the processing link is the highest, the large grain vendor in the circulation link earns the high profit by the information flow of the price difference, but the income of a grain vendor and the basic grain station is relatively less; The distribution of profit among different circulation bodies is not balanced, and farmers can not enjoy the value increment part of wheat circulation. The main reason is that wheat production has seasonality and periodicity, consumption has stability and equilibrium, and circulation and retail industry management has normality and high risk. The main influencing factors of wheat cash cost are single yield, price, direct cost, indirect cost, especially unit yield and price. The positive effect of price and unit yield on cash income is greater than the negative effect of cost increase on cash income. But in practice, rapid cost growth has squeezed wheat profits, and the benefits of higher food prices have been largely offset by higher costs. Through the analysis of the fluctuation range and coefficient of variation of wheat price, it is found that the whole wheat industry chain is in the state of low risk and low reward. Finally, on the basis of the previous analysis and combined with the actual situation, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions to reduce the cost of each link and increase the income, aiming at the whole industry situation of the whole industry chain, from the angle of the whole industry chain. Put forward the policy suggestions to improve its overall income and balance the benefits of each link.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F326.11;F302.6

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