本文選題：糧食企業(yè)　切入點(diǎn)：融資模式　出處：《河南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)糧食產(chǎn)量不斷創(chuàng)歷史新高，保障了國(guó)家糧食安全，為穩(wěn)定糧食市場(chǎng)奠定了物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。與此同時(shí)，城鎮(zhèn)化水平不斷提高，對(duì)糧食多樣化、高質(zhì)化的需要日益增大，給糧食企業(yè)帶來(lái)無(wú)限機(jī)會(huì)的同時(shí)也帶來(lái)極大的壓力。我國(guó)的糧食供求格局也發(fā)生了顯著變化，，從“總量平衡、豐年有余”轉(zhuǎn)為“總體平衡、結(jié)構(gòu)性偏緊”。糧食政策向統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)和安全高效傾斜，大大促進(jìn)糧食產(chǎn)量的提高，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)糧食的自給自足。但是，我國(guó)的糧食行業(yè)市場(chǎng)集中度較低，知名品牌較少，不能牢牢把握市場(chǎng)以應(yīng)對(duì)外來(lái)強(qiáng)勢(shì)品牌的入侵，是影響社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和糧食安全的不利因素。糧食屬于高運(yùn)輸成本商品，并且糧食產(chǎn)品帶有濃厚的地域特色，使糧食企業(yè)在擴(kuò)大規(guī)模、進(jìn)行品牌推廣時(shí)受到很大的限制。 糧食行業(yè)的特點(diǎn)決定，企業(yè)要想擴(kuò)大再生產(chǎn)，就需要大量的外來(lái)資金支持。但是，作為政策性較強(qiáng)的行業(yè)，利潤(rùn)率很低，外來(lái)資金進(jìn)入糧食行業(yè)的意愿不強(qiáng)。糧食企業(yè)融資渠道主要有農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展銀行的政策性資金、商業(yè)銀行貸款、民間借貸等。農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展銀行有充足的政策性資金可供使用，但是同商業(yè)銀行貸款一樣，同樣要以企業(yè)的各種資信證明，有效擔(dān)保抵押物作為前提。這些基本上糧食企業(yè)都很難提供給銀行，因此，企業(yè)要想從銀行獲得使用成本較低的資金的可能性較低。民間借貸，貸款手續(xù)簡(jiǎn)單，資金充足且能夠快速到賬，但是利息太高，增加企業(yè)的運(yùn)行成本，不利于企業(yè)資金的積累及再投資。糧食企業(yè)融資難的原因有經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模太小，抵抗外部風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力較弱，沒(méi)有完善的公司規(guī)章制度和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)呢?cái)務(wù)制度，不夠重視誠(chéng)信，融資成本過(guò)大，銀行貸款意愿不強(qiáng)等中小企業(yè)融資難都具備的原因以外，還有糧食行業(yè)的政策影響和外部事件影響。糧食行業(yè)關(guān)系國(guó)計(jì)民生，受國(guó)家調(diào)控較嚴(yán)，導(dǎo)致糧食企業(yè)利潤(rùn)率有限，同時(shí)外部事件影響因素也較大，一個(gè)企業(yè)因食品安全出問(wèn)題，將影響的是一大批生產(chǎn)同類型產(chǎn)品的企業(yè)。內(nèi)外雙重因素的影響，導(dǎo)致糧食企業(yè)要比其他類型的中小企業(yè)融資較難。 企業(yè)發(fā)展壯大，需要市場(chǎng)和資金的支持。中國(guó)作為人口大國(guó)，對(duì)糧食的消費(fèi)絕對(duì)是個(gè)巨大的市場(chǎng)，因此產(chǎn)品的銷售不用擔(dān)心，主要就是缺少資金進(jìn)行原材料的購(gòu)買和機(jī)器設(shè)備的更新。針對(duì)河南省糧食企業(yè)融資模式的調(diào)查，現(xiàn)有的主要融資模式有“小微金融合作社”、“聯(lián)保貸款”、“糧貿(mào)通”、“個(gè)人抵押貸款”、“河南省直糧食企業(yè)糧食擔(dān)保互助基金”等融資模式，除了“個(gè)人抵押貸款”以外，其余貸款模式都引入第三方作為銀行授信資金的監(jiān)管方，這樣做的好處是能夠保證銀行資金的安全，降低客戶貸款資金的使用成本同時(shí)能夠快速拿到貸款。但是每種模式都有其不足之處，“小微金融合作社”授信金額太小，難于滿足客戶需要；“聯(lián)保貸款”優(yōu)質(zhì)聯(lián)保體難組建、“糧貿(mào)通”是抵押品監(jiān)管難的問(wèn)題，“河南省直糧食企業(yè)糧食擔(dān)�；ブ稹眲t為基金監(jiān)管問(wèn)題、“個(gè)人抵押貸款”手續(xù)復(fù)雜，審批較慢，成本較高。同時(shí)針對(duì)糧食企業(yè)存貨較多的特點(diǎn)，提出了進(jìn)行“動(dòng)產(chǎn)質(zhì)押”的融資模式。 針對(duì)糧食行業(yè)交易的特點(diǎn)，提出了完善糧食交易平臺(tái)，為銀行授信資金的監(jiān)管作有力保證，同時(shí)對(duì)現(xiàn)有的融資模式進(jìn)行分析，就其不足給出了相應(yīng)的解決對(duì)策或者措施，希望完善這幾種融資模式，使其發(fā)展成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的流程，能夠?qū)θ珖?guó)的糧食企業(yè)進(jìn)行推廣，同時(shí)對(duì)其他中小企業(yè)融資難的問(wèn)題解決提供借鑒。當(dāng)然，再成熟的融資模式，也需要優(yōu)質(zhì)企業(yè)作為基礎(chǔ)，糧食企業(yè)應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)自身的管理，完善公司的規(guī)章制度和財(cái)務(wù)制度，同時(shí)注重人才的培養(yǎng)，為人才的發(fā)展提供良好的平臺(tái)，否則，一切都是空談。
[Abstract]:China's grain output has reached a record high, ensuring national food security, laid the material foundation for the stable grain market. At the same time, the increasing level of urbanization, food diversification, need high quality and increasing the food enterprise to bring unlimited opportunity at the same time, it also brings great pressure. The pattern of China's grain supply and demand has also undergone significant changes, from the "total balance surplus" to "overall balance, structural tight. Food policy tilt to efficient coordination and safety, greatly promote the increase of grain yield, the basic realization of China's grain self-sufficiency. However, China's food industry market concentration is low, the well-known the brand is less, can not firmly grasp the market to meet the alien invasion of strong brands, unfavorable factors affecting social stability and food security. Food is the high cost of goods transportation, and food The product has a strong regional characteristic, which makes the grain enterprises be greatly restricted when they expand the scale and promote the brand promotion.
The characteristics of the food industry, companies want to expand production, requires a large amount of foreign capital support. However, as the industry policy is strong, low profit margins, foreign funds to enter the food industry is not strong. The financing channels of food enterprises are mainly policy funds of Agricultural Development Bank, commercial bank loans, private lending. The agricultural development bank policy of adequate funds available, but as the commercial bank loans, the same to the enterprise's credit certificate, valid collateral guarantees as a prerequisite. These basically food enterprises are very difficult to provide to the bank, therefore, the enterprise wants to obtain the use of lower cost of funds from the bank to lower the possibility of the private lending, loan procedures simple, capital adequacy and can quickly arrival, but the rate is too high, increase the cost of enterprise operation, is not conducive to capital accumulation and investment enterprises Capital. Grain enterprise financing scale is too small, the external resistance risk ability is weak, there is no perfect regulations and strict financial system, insufficient attention to the integrity, the financing cost is too large, for reasons other than bank loans will not strong financing of small and medium-sized enterprises have, as well as food industry policy and external events. The relationship between the food industry by national regulation is beneficial to the people's livelihood, strict, leading to food enterprise profit rate is limited, while external events affecting factors are larger, an enterprise due to food safety problems, will affect a large number of products of the same type. The enterprise internal and external factors, leading to food enterprises than other types of small and medium-sized enterprise financing difficult.
Enterprise development, market and financial support. China as a country with a large population, food consumption is a huge market, so the product sales do not worry, mainly is the lack of funds for the purchase of raw materials and equipment updates. Investigation in Henan province food enterprise financing mode, financing mode existing the "small micro finance cooperatives", "loan", "grain", "personal mortgage loans", "Henan provincial food enterprises food guarantee mutual funds and other financing mode, in addition to" personal mortgage loans ", other models are the introduction of third party as bank credit funds supervision, such the advantage is to ensure the safety of bank funds, reduce the cost of using capital loans to customers at the same time can quickly get loans. But each model has its defects, small and micro Financial Cooperatives "credit amount is too small, it is difficult to meet the needs of customers; quality guaranteed loans UNPROFOR difficult to set up," Liang Mao Tong "is the collateral regulatory difficult problem," the Henan provincial food security food enterprise mutual fund "for the supervision of the fund," personal mortgage approval procedures are complex, slow, high cost. At the same time for more grain inventory characteristics, proposed the chattel mortgage financing mode.
According to the characteristics of food industry trade, put forward to improve the food trading platform for bank credit funds regulation guarantee, at the same time the existing financing mode analysis, it gives corresponding countermeasures or measures, hoping to improve these financing mode, the development of standardized processes, can be promoted of the country's food enterprises, at the same time for other SME financing problems to provide reference. Of course, more mature financing mode, also need high quality enterprises as the basis, food enterprises should strengthen their management, improve the company's rules and regulations and the financial system, and pay attention to the cultivation of talents, provide a good platform for talents. The development of otherwise, everything is empty.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F324;F302.6

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