本文選題：玉米　切入點：成本收益　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：玉米作為我國三大糧食（玉米、稻谷、小麥）之首，播種面積和產(chǎn)量均居第一位，2012年玉米播種面積達(dá)到35030千公頃，是稻谷播種面積的1.16倍，小麥播種面積的1.44倍，相當(dāng)于糧食播種面積的31.5%。玉米還是重要的貿(mào)易農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，2012年我國進(jìn)口玉米520.8萬噸，達(dá)到歷史高位，而且由于畜牧業(yè)和玉米深加工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，玉米消費量進(jìn)一步增加的空間很大。由此可見，玉米在我國糧食安全中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。 在市場經(jīng)濟條件下，玉米種植戶期望以最小的成本獲得最大的經(jīng)濟效益，因而對我國玉米種植成本收益情況進(jìn)行研究，對指導(dǎo)農(nóng)戶根據(jù)自身資源獲得最大收益具有重要的意義。本文首先對我國玉米種植成本收益情況進(jìn)行了趨勢分析；進(jìn)而選取11個玉米主產(chǎn)省份對我國玉米種植的地區(qū)差異進(jìn)行比較分析，并通過聚類分析將這11個玉米主產(chǎn)省分為了五類，在比較分析中，還對中國和美國玉米種植的成本收益進(jìn)行了比較；為具體說明影響我國玉米種植收益的因素，選取單位面積凈利潤、肥料費、其他物質(zhì)服務(wù)費、人工成本、土地成本、50公斤玉米價格和單產(chǎn)這7個指標(biāo)，并將單位面積凈利潤作為被解釋變量，建立模型，得到其他指標(biāo)對玉米種植單位面積凈利潤的影響程度。 分析得出，我國玉米種植的總成本呈現(xiàn)增長趨勢，主要是生產(chǎn)成本的增加推動了總成本的上升，但土地成本也開始呈現(xiàn)增長的趨勢，人工成本超過物質(zhì)服務(wù)費用，成為生產(chǎn)成本的主體。收益方面，我國玉米種植的產(chǎn)值增長趨勢明顯，但凈利潤開始減少，在現(xiàn)金收益中所占的比例也開始下降，，這說明不付費的人工成本和自營地折租的不斷增長。 根據(jù)玉米播種面積和產(chǎn)量，選取了11個玉米主產(chǎn)省份作為地區(qū)差異的研究對象，并將其分為四個玉米主產(chǎn)區(qū)，比較發(fā)現(xiàn)，黃淮海區(qū)的玉米種植成本小于其他主產(chǎn)區(qū)而凈利潤大于其他三個玉米主產(chǎn)區(qū)，東北區(qū)的人工成本和土地成本明顯高于其他三個玉米主產(chǎn)區(qū)，這主要是由東北區(qū)的種植規(guī)模決定的，西南區(qū)的玉米種植凈利潤呈現(xiàn)負(fù)值，最沒有優(yōu)勢。中國和美國的玉米種植成本收益比較發(fā)現(xiàn)，中國和美國的玉米種植總成本都呈現(xiàn)增長的趨勢，但是中國的增長速度更快，推動美國玉米種植總成本不斷增加的主要因素是間接費用的增長，而中國人工成本的增加導(dǎo)致了總成本的上升。 對我國玉米種植凈利潤產(chǎn)生正向影響的是玉米價格和單產(chǎn)，而肥料費、其他物質(zhì)服務(wù)費、人工成本和土地成本阻礙了我國玉米種植收益的增加。從影響的程度來看，單產(chǎn)和價格對玉米種植凈利潤的杠桿效應(yīng)高達(dá)9，肥料費和其他物質(zhì)服務(wù)費對玉米種植凈利潤的彈性系數(shù)超過了5，而土地成本和人工成本對玉米種植凈利潤的影響接近3。根據(jù)我國玉米成本收益的具體情況，通過抓好主產(chǎn)區(qū)生產(chǎn)、提高科技水平、完善價格形成機制和補貼政策等措施來降低玉米種植成本和提高玉米種植收益。
[Abstract]:As China's three major grain maize (corn, rice, wheat) of the first planting area and output ranking first in 2012, corn planting area reached 35 million 30 thousand hectares, is 1.16 times the area of rice planting, 1.44 times of wheat acreage, the equivalent grain sown area of 31.5. Maize is an important agricultural product trade in 2012, China imported 5 million 208 thousand tons of corn, reached a record high, but due to the rapid development of animal husbandry and corn processing, corn consumption further increase large space. Thus, the corn in China's food security plays an important role.
Under the condition of market economy, corn growers expect to obtain maximum economic benefits with the minimum cost, so the research of the cost and income situation of Chinese corn cultivation, to guide farmers according to their own resources to get the maximum benefit is of great significance. Firstly, a trend analysis on Chinese jade rice planting cost; then select the area the difference of 11 maize producing provinces of China's corn planting were compared, and through cluster analysis of the 11 major corn producing provinces are divided into five types, in the comparative analysis, the Chinese and Mei Guoyu rice planting cost benefit comparison; influencing factors of corn planting income in our country for specific instructions, select net profit per unit area, fertilizer cost, other material service fees, labor costs, land costs, the 7 indexes of 50 kilograms of corn price and yield, and the net profit per unit area As an explanatory variable, the model was established to obtain the influence of other indicators on the net profit of corn planting area.
Analysis shows that the total cost of China's corn growth trend, mainly to increase the cost of production to promote the increase in total costs, but the cost of land is also beginning to show a growth trend, the labor cost more than material services, become the main production cost. Income, China's corn output growth trend is obvious, but net profit began to decline, which occupies in the proportion of cash income declined, indicating that labor costs do not pay and self-supporting land rent increase.
According to the corn planting area and yield, selected 11 maize producing provinces in different regions as the research object, and divided into four major maize producing areas, comparison, Huanghuaihai District corn planting cost is less than the other main producing areas and the net profit is greater than the other three main maize producing areas in the northeast region of labor costs and land costs higher than the other three corn producing areas, which is mainly decided by the northeast region planting scale, southwest maize net profit negative, there is no advantage. The corn planting cost benefit Chinese and the United States are compared, and the United States Chinese corn total cost growth trend, but the China the faster growth rate, the main factors driving the US corn total cost increasing is the increase of indirect costs, increased labor costs China resulted in the increase in the total cost.
Have a positive impact on China's corn net profit is the price of corn and yield, fertilizer and other material fees, service fees, labor costs and land costs hindered the corn planting income in our country. From the point of view of the influence degree, leverage yield and net profit of planting corn prices as high as 9, fertilizer cost and other material service fee elasticity on corn net profit of more than 5 of the cost of land and labor costs for corn planting net profit of nearly 3. according to the specific circumstances of the cost of corn income in our country, by concentrating on the main producing areas of production, improve the level of science and technology, improve the price formation mechanism and policy of subsidies and other measures to reduce corn planting cost and improve corn planting income.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F326.11;F302.6

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 于格,劉愛民;中國小麥成本收益及不同地區(qū)的比較優(yōu)勢分析[J];中國農(nóng)業(yè)資源與區(qū)劃;2003年03期

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