本文關(guān)鍵詞： 危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸 服務(wù)鏈 成本結(jié)構(gòu) 成本優(yōu)化 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)度量 港口作業(yè)成本 水路運(yùn)輸成本 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制成本　出處：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：截止2012年底，重慶市長(zhǎng)壽、涪陵兩大化工基地基本建成，化工業(yè)成為重慶的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸是化工業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)，也是能源、原材料和危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸?shù)谋Ｕ稀?nèi)河運(yùn)輸是重慶危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸?shù)闹饕绞�，�?nèi)河危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不易掌控，運(yùn)輸成本高，事故率高等諸多問題。如何在可接受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)范圍內(nèi)最大限度地降低運(yùn)輸成本，已成為內(nèi)河危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸亟待解決的問題。 國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸?shù)难芯看蠖嗉性诼窂絻?yōu)化問題上，對(duì)成本結(jié)構(gòu)分析及優(yōu)化研究甚少。本文從內(nèi)河危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸服務(wù)鏈的視角出發(fā)，圍繞以下幾方面進(jìn)行研究。 ①通過對(duì)重慶市內(nèi)河危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸企業(yè)調(diào)研，了解內(nèi)河危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸服務(wù)鏈組成及運(yùn)作流程，發(fā)現(xiàn)運(yùn)輸服務(wù)鏈可分為起運(yùn)港港口作業(yè)、水路運(yùn)輸、目的港港口作業(yè)三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。 ②分析運(yùn)輸服務(wù)鏈各環(huán)節(jié)成本結(jié)構(gòu)。將內(nèi)河危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸服務(wù)鏈成本按作業(yè)流程分為港口作業(yè)成本、水路運(yùn)輸成本、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制成本三項(xiàng)，并將水路運(yùn)輸成本細(xì)化，發(fā)現(xiàn)燃潤(rùn)油費(fèi)及人力成本占比最高。探討運(yùn)輸服務(wù)鏈各項(xiàng)成本及單位成本隨季節(jié)因素的變化趨勢(shì)，發(fā)現(xiàn)除風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制成本外，其余成本變動(dòng)幅度較大，故針對(duì)不同季節(jié)應(yīng)制定不同的成本控制策略。 ③將風(fēng)險(xiǎn)量化，發(fā)現(xiàn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值與運(yùn)輸成本間存在反比例關(guān)系。在可接受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)范圍內(nèi)研究成本結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化問題，結(jié)果表明重慶市內(nèi)河危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸服務(wù)鏈成本結(jié)構(gòu)基本合理，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)控制燃潤(rùn)料成本及人力成本，增加風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制成本。 ④以A公司為為例，運(yùn)用本文構(gòu)建的模型分析A公司成本結(jié)構(gòu)的合理性。結(jié)果表明目前A公司危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸服務(wù)鏈整體成本結(jié)構(gòu)比較合理，為保證較低的運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)燃潤(rùn)料成本控制，同時(shí)增加風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制成本投入。 論文具體介紹了內(nèi)河危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸服務(wù)鏈的運(yùn)作流程，，對(duì)重慶市危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸服務(wù)鏈的成本結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析，考慮在可接受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)范圍內(nèi)對(duì)危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸成本結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，結(jié)果顯示與實(shí)際情況基本相符。因此，本文的方法對(duì)于危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品運(yùn)輸企業(yè)的成本控制具有一定的借鑒作用。
[Abstract]:By end of 2012, Chongqing had lived a long life, two major chemical bases in Fuling had basically been built, and the chemical industry had become the pillar industry in Chongqing. The transportation of hazardous chemicals was the basis for the development of chemical industry and also the energy source. Transportation of raw materials and dangerous chemicals. Inland water transportation is the main mode of transportation of dangerous chemicals in Chongqing. The transportation of inland dangerous chemicals is difficult to control and the transportation costs are high. How to minimize the transportation cost within the acceptable risk range has become an urgent problem in the transportation of inland dangerous chemicals. Most of the research on the transportation of hazardous chemicals at home and abroad is focused on the path optimization problem, and the cost structure analysis and optimization research are very few. This paper focuses on the following aspects from the perspective of the transport service chain of inland dangerous chemicals. (1) through the investigation and investigation of the inland dangerous chemicals transportation enterprises in Chongqing, the composition and operation process of the inland dangerous chemicals transportation service chain are understood, and it is found that the transport service chain can be divided into port operations and waterway transportation, There are three links in port operation. (2) analyze the cost structure of each link of transportation service chain. Divide the cost of inland dangerous chemical transportation service chain into three items according to the operation process: Port operation cost, waterway transportation cost, risk control cost, and refine the waterway transportation cost. It is found that the proportion of fuel and labor costs is the highest. The variation trend of transportation service chain cost and unit cost with seasonal factors is discussed. It is found that except risk control cost, the other cost changes greatly. Therefore, different cost control strategies should be made for different seasons. (3) quantifying the risk and finding the inverse relation between the risk value and the transportation cost. The cost structure optimization problem is studied within the range of acceptable risk. The results show that the cost structure of the transportation service chain of dangerous chemicals in Chongqing river is basically reasonable. Should focus on the control of fuel cost and labor costs, increase risk control costs. (4) A company is taken as an example to analyze the rationality of the cost structure of company A by using the model constructed in this paper. The results show that the overall cost structure of the transportation service chain of dangerous chemicals in company A is more reasonable, in order to ensure the lower transportation risk. Emphasis should be placed on strengthening the cost control of fuel run and increasing the cost input of risk control at the same time. The paper introduces the operation process of inland dangerous chemicals transportation service chain, and analyzes the cost structure of Chongqing dangerous chemical transportation service chain. Considering the optimization of transportation cost structure of hazardous chemicals within acceptable risk range, the results show that it is basically consistent with the actual situation. Therefore, the method in this paper can be used as a reference for the cost control of hazardous chemical transportation enterprises.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F426.72;F552.6;F550.66

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