【摘要】：魚洞河是烏江水系的一個(gè)小支流,為下游貴陽市提供飲用水水源。在魚洞河上下游之間建立生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制,理論上需要知道上游治理污染和維護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境的費(fèi)用,以及下游對上游提供的生態(tài)環(huán)境服務(wù)的支付意愿。只有下游的支付意愿大于上游的費(fèi)用,上下游之間的生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制才有理論可能性。在對上游龍里縣匯水區(qū)進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)研后,重點(diǎn)評估了當(dāng)?shù)匕惭b沼氣系統(tǒng)、坡耕地(≥25°)退耕還林、其他地區(qū)的土壤侵蝕防治以及點(diǎn)源污染治理費(fèi)用,得出上游治理投資費(fèi)用為199萬元,年度費(fèi)用每年89.2萬元-168萬元。采用意愿調(diào)查法(CVM)對貴陽市自來水用戶對上游環(huán)境服務(wù)的支付意愿進(jìn)行了評估。采用簡單隨機(jī)抽樣方法在貴陽3個(gè)區(qū)內(nèi)選取了900戶作為樣本,結(jié)果表明,有62.7%的人愿意為生態(tài)補(bǔ)償付費(fèi)。采用PROBIT模型,可以計(jì)算出為避免魚洞河水質(zhì)惡化的支付意愿均值為0.37元/m3,貴陽市自來水用戶總的支付意愿每年達(dá)847萬元。結(jié)果表明在魚洞河水源地進(jìn)行上下游生態(tài)補(bǔ)償理論上是可能的,補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)介于上游費(fèi)用與下游支付意愿之間。
[Abstract]:Yudong River is a small tributary of Wujiang River, which provides drinking water for Guiyang city. In order to establish ecological compensation mechanism between upstream and downstream of Yudong River, it is theoretically necessary to know the cost of pollution control and ecological environment maintenance in upstream and the willingness of downstream to pay for the ecological environmental services provided by upstream. Only when the downstream willingness to pay is greater than the upstream cost, the ecological compensation mechanism between upstream and downstream has the theoretical possibility. Based on the field investigation of the catchment area of Longli County in the upper reaches of China, the paper emphatically evaluates the local installation of biogas system, the conversion of sloping farmland (鈮，

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