【摘要】： 政府和企業(yè)分別是政治和經(jīng)濟兩個不同領(lǐng)域中最具代表性和影響力的兩大組織,其在權(quán)力的獲取、權(quán)力的配置、權(quán)力運行以及與對權(quán)力的制約與監(jiān)督等幾個方面都存在一定的差異。分析和比較這種差異,不僅對深入探討組織管理有重要指導(dǎo)意義,而且對我國公共管理的理論和實踐也具有重要的啟迪意義。 基于上述原因,本文在對政府與企業(yè)權(quán)力的獲取、配置、運行、制約與監(jiān)督等幾個環(huán)節(jié)進行全面分析的基礎(chǔ)上,對其中的差異進行了比較分析: 第一,從權(quán)力的獲取來看,政府權(quán)力來源于人民的委托,而企業(yè)權(quán)力來源于企業(yè)對產(chǎn)權(quán)的控制。其差別包括:從權(quán)力形成的目的來看,政府權(quán)力的形成是出于維護公共利益的需要,因而具有公共性和強制性;而企業(yè)權(quán)力的形成是為了保證和實現(xiàn)每一個參與企業(yè)的要素所有者的權(quán)利或利益。從權(quán)力獲取的基礎(chǔ)來看,政府權(quán)力的暴力后盾的是企業(yè)所不具備的;政府控制的的資源是企業(yè)無法企及的;政府的組織化程度也是遠超過企業(yè)的。從權(quán)力的獲取方式來看,政府可以通過暴力奪取、繼承、選舉等形式獲得權(quán)力,而企業(yè)主要是通過控制產(chǎn)權(quán)以及政府授權(quán)來取得權(quán)力。 第二,從權(quán)力的配置來看,政府和企業(yè)在權(quán)力的橫向配置、縱向配置以及結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性等方面都存在差異:從橫向配置看,政府為了防止權(quán)力的集中,更傾向于對權(quán)力進行分割,而企業(yè)為了實現(xiàn)對效率的追求,會讓權(quán)力向管理者集中;從縱向配置看,政府的權(quán)力的廣延性以及縱向結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜程度遠超過企業(yè);從權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性來看,由于所處環(huán)境的不同,政府的權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)要比企業(yè)穩(wěn)定。 第三,從權(quán)力的運行來看,政府和企業(yè)權(quán)力的整個委托代理運行過程上存在著一定差異,主要表現(xiàn)在初始委托人、委托代理的層級、目標多元化程度以及委托代理的強制性等幾個方面。另外,權(quán)力的實施過程中,決策和執(zhí)行兩個環(huán)節(jié)也存在一定差異。 第四,從對權(quán)力的制約和監(jiān)督來看,政府權(quán)力運行要嚴格受到法律法規(guī)制約,缺乏法律的授權(quán)則不敢行動,但企業(yè)只要法律未明文禁止的皆可行動。同時,政府權(quán)力運行要接受公眾的監(jiān)督。此外,對政府權(quán)力進行監(jiān)督的成本和難度要遠比企業(yè)大的多。 最后,文章在對政府和企業(yè)權(quán)力的差異進行了總結(jié),并進一步指出了政府和企業(yè)權(quán)力在運行中需要相互借鑒之處以及需要注意的問題。
[Abstract]:Government and enterprises are the two most representative and influential organizations in two different fields of politics and economy. There are some differences between the operation of power and the restriction and supervision of power. The analysis and comparison of these differences are not only of great significance to the discussion of organizational management, but also to the theory and practice of public management in China. Based on the above reasons, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the differences between government and enterprise power acquisition, allocation, operation, restriction and supervision on the basis of comprehensive analysis: first, From the point of view of power acquisition, government power comes from people's entrustment, and enterprise power comes from enterprise's control of property right. The differences include: from the purpose of the formation of power, the formation of government power is out of the need to safeguard public interests, so it has publicity and compulsion; The formation of enterprise power is to ensure and realize the rights or interests of each participating factor owner. On the basis of power acquisition, the violent backing of government power is not possessed by enterprises; the resources controlled by government are beyond the reach of enterprises; and the degree of organization of government is far more than that of enterprises. From the way of power acquisition, the government can obtain power by means of violence, inheritance, election and so on, while enterprises obtain power mainly by controlling property rights and government authorization. Second, from the perspective of power allocation, there are differences between government and enterprises in the horizontal allocation, vertical allocation and structural stability of power: from the perspective of horizontal allocation, the government in order to prevent the concentration of power, In order to achieve the pursuit of efficiency, enterprises tend to concentrate the power to managers, and from the perspective of vertical allocation, the extensiveness of government power and the complexity of vertical structure are far greater than those of enterprises. According to the stability of power structure, the power structure of government is more stable than enterprise because of the different environment. Third, from the point of view of the operation of power, there are some differences in the whole process of principal-agent operation between government and enterprise power, mainly manifested in the initial principal, the level of principal-agent, The degree of diversification of objectives and the mandatory of agency and other aspects. In addition, there are some differences between decision-making and execution in the process of power implementation. Fourth, from the point of view of power restriction and supervision, the operation of government power should be strictly restricted by laws and regulations, but enterprises can act as long as they are not explicitly prohibited by law. At the same time, the operation of government power must be subject to public supervision. In addition, the cost and difficulty of supervising government power is much greater than that of enterprises. Finally, the paper summarizes the differences between government power and enterprise power, and further points out the need to learn from each other in the operation of government and enterprise power, as well as the problems to be paid attention to.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D035;F062.6

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 俞雪霞;;公民維權(quán)抗爭研究——以大連PX事件為案例[J];重慶科技學(xué)院學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2012年10期

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本文編號：2254924