【摘要】：本文考察了分工、交易與市場化的歷史發(fā)展,概括了其在現(xiàn)實中的三種形態(tài):全球企業(yè)、產(chǎn)業(yè)集群和傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化,據(jù)以提出了兩個需要進一步反思和探討的理論問題:一是我們要建立什么樣的市場經(jīng)濟?作者認為,中國確立了社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制的目標,并取得了市場化改革的很大進展,但對于什么是市場和市場經(jīng)濟則有著不同看法和選擇。國內(nèi)主流觀點一直把市場和市場經(jīng)濟看作是一種資源配置機制,而不是一種基本經(jīng)濟制度,所謂經(jīng)濟改革就是要用資源的市場配置代替計劃配置。相對于在計劃經(jīng)濟中引入市場機制,這無疑是一個重大突破和重大進步,但仍然沒有揭示市場和市場經(jīng)濟的本質(zhì)。與此相適應,在改革實踐中把市場和市場經(jīng)濟當作一種工具、一種手段和一種方法,是典型的市場經(jīng)濟工具論,它造成了市場化改革的扭曲。市場不僅是交易的場所,而且是交易的關系,同時也是交易的規(guī)則和制度。市場經(jīng)濟是一種基本經(jīng)濟形態(tài),它有自己的法權體系、制度規(guī)則、道德基礎和人文關懷。因此,市場和市場經(jīng)濟不僅是資源配置方式,而且首先是界定和保護產(chǎn)權的規(guī)則。二是為什么說現(xiàn)代化是市場化?文章辨析了現(xiàn)代化是工業(yè)化、西方化、資本主義化和市場化四個假設和命題,明確指出,把市場化僅僅看作是技術的現(xiàn)代化,會走上市場經(jīng)濟工具論的道路;把市場化理解為脫離技術和制度基礎的民主化,也是一種簡單的空想。既然市場和市場經(jīng)濟有自己的一套法律體系、制度規(guī)則、道德基礎和文化理念,那么,市場化就意味著按照這樣的思想理念建立、形成和實施相應的法權體系、制度規(guī)則和道德習俗。既然分工和交易是社會經(jīng)濟活動曲線的縱坐標和橫坐標,那么,市場化就意味著全部社會經(jīng)濟生活的深刻質(zhì)變和躍遷。從這個意義上來說,把現(xiàn)代化界定為市場化是恰當?shù)摹?br/>[Abstract]:This paper examines the historical development of division of labor, trade and marketization, and summarizes its three forms in reality: global enterprises, industrial clusters and modernization of traditional industries. On the basis of this, two theoretical questions need further reflection and discussion: first, what kind of market economy should we establish? The author holds that China has established the goal of socialist market economic system, and has made great progress in the reform of market economy, but it has different views and choices on what is market and market economy. Market and market economy have been regarded as a resource allocation mechanism rather than a basic economic system. The so-called economic reform is to replace the planned allocation with the market allocation of resources. Compared with the introduction of market mechanism in the planned economy, this is undoubtedly a major breakthrough and significant progress, but still has not revealed the nature of the market and market economy. In accordance with this, the market and market economy are regarded as a tool, a means and a method in the reform practice, which is a typical tool theory of the market economy, which causes the distortion of the market-oriented reform. The market is not only the place to trade, but also the trading rules and regulations. Market economy is a basic economic form, it has its own legal system, institutional rules, moral basis and humanistic care. Therefore, market and market economy are not only the way of resource allocation, but also the rules of defining and protecting property right. Second, why should modernization be market-oriented? This paper analyzes the four hypotheses and propositions that modernization is industrialization, westernization, capitalization and marketization. It is also a simple utopian to interpret marketization as a democratization without the foundation of technology and system. Since the market and market economy have their own set of legal systems, institutional rules, moral bases and cultural concepts, marketization means establishing, forming and implementing a corresponding legal system in accordance with such ideological ideas. Institutional rules and moral customs Since division of labor and trade are the vertical and horizontal coordinates of the social and economic activity curve, marketization means the profound qualitative change and transition of the whole social and economic life. In this sense, it is appropriate to define modernization as marketization.
【作者單位】： 中國社會科學院經(jīng)濟研究所;中國社會科學院研究生院;
【分類號】：F091.3;F123.9

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