【摘要】：分工是一種重要的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象,在社會(huì)生活中起著十分重要的作用。作為歷史唯物主義范疇的自發(fā)分工,涵蓋社會(huì)生活的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、思想文化等社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面,是指具有固定專(zhuān)業(yè)劃分的社會(huì)活動(dòng)形式。分工(包括勞動(dòng)分工和勞動(dòng)者分工)具有復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu),形成了龐大的分工體系。資本主義的分工是自發(fā)分工發(fā)展的最完備的形態(tài),它高于以前各個(gè)社會(huì)形態(tài)的分工,并把以前各個(gè)社會(huì)形態(tài)的分工包括在自身之中。在以生理自然和地理自然為基礎(chǔ)的自然分工的基礎(chǔ)上,隨著社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展,先后產(chǎn)生了三次社會(huì)大分工。它們屬于生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的分工,即一般的分工。從原始社會(huì)后期產(chǎn)生的,存在于奴隸社會(huì)、封建社會(huì)和資本主義社會(huì)的分工,屬于自發(fā)分工。自發(fā)分工在歷史上經(jīng)歷了三種基本形態(tài):自然經(jīng)濟(jì)分工、簡(jiǎn)單商品經(jīng)濟(jì)分工、資本主義分工。自發(fā)分工只是社會(huì)分工發(fā)展的一個(gè)階段,它將被未來(lái)社會(huì)主義社會(huì)和共產(chǎn)主義社會(huì)的自覺(jué)分工所取代。
[Abstract]:Division of labor is an important social phenomenon and plays a very important role in social life. As a category of historical materialism, the spontaneous division of labor covers all aspects of social life, such as economy, politics, ideology and culture. Division of labor (including division of labor and division of labor) has a complex structure, forming a huge division of labor system. The division of labor in capitalism is the most complete form of the spontaneous division of labor, which is higher than the division of labor in the previous social forms, and the division of labor of the previous social forms is included in itself. On the basis of natural division of labor based on physiological nature and geographical nature, along with the development of social productive forces, three great social division of labor emerged successively. They belong to the division of labor in the field of production, that is, the general division of labor. The division of labor in slave society, feudal society and capitalist society, which originated from the later primitive society, belongs to the spontaneous division of labor. Spontaneous division of labor has experienced three basic forms in history: natural economic division, simple commodity economic division and capitalist division of labor. Spontaneous division of labor is only a stage of the development of social division of labor, which will be replaced by the conscious division of labor in future socialist society and communist society.
【作者單位】： 北京大學(xué)哲學(xué)系;北京大學(xué)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義理論體系研究中心;
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F091.91;A811;B03

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