【摘要】：分工是一種重要的社會現(xiàn)象,在社會生活中起著十分重要的作用。作為歷史唯物主義范疇的自發(fā)分工,涵蓋社會生活的經(jīng)濟、政治、思想文化等社會生活的各個方面,是指具有固定專業(yè)劃分的社會活動形式。分工(包括勞動分工和勞動者分工)具有復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu),形成了龐大的分工體系。資本主義的分工是自發(fā)分工發(fā)展的最完備的形態(tài),它高于以前各個社會形態(tài)的分工,并把以前各個社會形態(tài)的分工包括在自身之中。在以生理自然和地理自然為基礎(chǔ)的自然分工的基礎(chǔ)上,隨著社會生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展,先后產(chǎn)生了三次社會大分工。它們屬于生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的分工,即一般的分工。從原始社會后期產(chǎn)生的,存在于奴隸社會、封建社會和資本主義社會的分工,屬于自發(fā)分工。自發(fā)分工在歷史上經(jīng)歷了三種基本形態(tài):自然經(jīng)濟分工、簡單商品經(jīng)濟分工、資本主義分工。自發(fā)分工只是社會分工發(fā)展的一個階段,它將被未來社會主義社會和共產(chǎn)主義社會的自覺分工所取代。
[Abstract]:Division of labor is an important social phenomenon and plays a very important role in social life. As a category of historical materialism, the spontaneous division of labor covers all aspects of social life, such as economy, politics, ideology and culture. Division of labor (including division of labor and division of labor) has a complex structure, forming a huge division of labor system. The division of labor in capitalism is the most complete form of the spontaneous division of labor, which is higher than the division of labor in the previous social forms, and the division of labor of the previous social forms is included in itself. On the basis of natural division of labor based on physiological nature and geographical nature, along with the development of social productive forces, three great social division of labor emerged successively. They belong to the division of labor in the field of production, that is, the general division of labor. The division of labor in slave society, feudal society and capitalist society, which originated from the later primitive society, belongs to the spontaneous division of labor. Spontaneous division of labor has experienced three basic forms in history: natural economic division, simple commodity economic division and capitalist division of labor. Spontaneous division of labor is only a stage of the development of social division of labor, which will be replaced by the conscious division of labor in future socialist society and communist society.
【作者單位】： 北京大學(xué)哲學(xué)系;北京大學(xué)中國特色社會主義理論體系研究中心;
【分類號】：F091.91;A811;B03

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