本文選題：物能流 + 能值��； 參考：《中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2010年博士論文

【摘要】： 采礦活動(dòng)在人類(lèi)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的各部門(mén)中,與自然環(huán)境資源的關(guān)系最為密切。過(guò)去由于對(duì)環(huán)境資源因素的價(jià)值認(rèn)識(shí)不足,采礦活動(dòng)造成生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的自適應(yīng)性降低,以及人類(lèi)后代生態(tài)福利的損失。因此,建立有效的可持續(xù)性評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)考察礦產(chǎn)資源開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中社會(huì)與自然之間的互饋關(guān)系十分重要。 論文以社會(huì)-經(jīng)濟(jì)代謝為理論基礎(chǔ)、MEFA模型為物能流核算框架、能值理論與方法為核算工具,以進(jìn)入礦山生態(tài)-經(jīng)濟(jì)-社會(huì)復(fù)合系統(tǒng)的各子系統(tǒng)物能流歷史數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),研究礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能學(xué)過(guò)程,考察礦山特定生命周期階段主要年份的代謝機(jī)制。選擇我國(guó)東部礦區(qū)中煤集團(tuán)大屯公司姚橋煤礦和兗州煤業(yè)股份有限公司濟(jì)寧三號(hào)煤礦開(kāi)展礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)實(shí)證研究。 通過(guò)區(qū)域和礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的能值評(píng)估,從系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行、污染物排放以及與土地利用之間的關(guān)系三個(gè)方面開(kāi)展系統(tǒng)能值流分析。實(shí)現(xiàn)了以統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分析社會(huì)-經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之間的相互聯(lián)系,解決了多學(xué)科綜合評(píng)價(jià)的指標(biāo)難以兼容的難題。以量化的數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明了環(huán)境資源對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)以及采礦活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境和人類(lèi)的影響,評(píng)價(jià)了經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)與生態(tài)環(huán)境相互作用的可持續(xù)性。論文主要內(nèi)容: 對(duì)礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)所在區(qū)域復(fù)合系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行能值評(píng)估,以實(shí)例詳細(xì)介紹能值理論和評(píng)估方法,通過(guò)分析能值指標(biāo)的變化軌跡評(píng)價(jià)區(qū)域生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,為礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能值評(píng)估提供區(qū)域能值指標(biāo)。其中全社會(huì)電力能值使用量比例、總電力能值使用量比例之間逐漸擴(kuò)大的差距體現(xiàn)了徐州延長(zhǎng)煤炭產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈開(kāi)發(fā)電力能源的發(fā)展策略。 依據(jù)能路語(yǔ)言符號(hào),繪制礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)物能流概略圖,極大地輔助了繁復(fù)的能值評(píng)估過(guò)程,建立了一套礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能值評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。能值指標(biāo)分析表明:2000年后的礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)物能流綜合利用效率較2000年前大幅提高,近5年姚橋煤礦對(duì)環(huán)境資源和經(jīng)濟(jì)反饋的綜合利用效率優(yōu)于濟(jì)三煤礦,但濟(jì)三煤礦對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)反饋資源的利用效率是姚橋煤礦的3倍,萬(wàn)噸產(chǎn)量姚橋煤礦生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)反饋成本高;環(huán)境資源投入在系統(tǒng)總能值投入中占95%左右,其中幾乎全部由煤層能值貢獻(xiàn),人類(lèi)只需要投入數(shù)量級(jí)為10-7 J能量就能獲得1 sej(等于1 J太陽(yáng)能)的原煤;礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的投資收益越來(lái)越好,且姚橋煤礦的投資效益增速大于濟(jì)三煤礦;電力系統(tǒng)升級(jí)、提高原煤生產(chǎn)效率、以及采用多種運(yùn)輸方式等對(duì)提升企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的成效顯著;與地方的其它行業(yè)相比,獲取相同經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,煤炭開(kāi)采業(yè)要以4倍多的資源能值為代價(jià),且濟(jì)三煤礦獲取1美元需要比姚橋煤礦消耗更多的能值;礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的能值利用強(qiáng)度平均比地方高出7.76倍,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的消耗強(qiáng)度大;獲得相同產(chǎn)量,回采率低和煤質(zhì)高決定了濟(jì)三煤礦比姚橋煤礦動(dòng)用了更多的煤炭?jī)?chǔ)量能值;兩礦山相同產(chǎn)值消耗的水資源能值逐年減少,濟(jì)三煤礦萬(wàn)元產(chǎn)值水資源能值損失平均比姚橋煤礦低33%。此外,礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的能值轉(zhuǎn)換率和能值能耗指標(biāo)所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的差異,直觀地說(shuō)明了能量與能值的本質(zhì)區(qū)別,體現(xiàn)了傳統(tǒng)能耗核算對(duì)能質(zhì)考慮的不足與能值核算在理論上和方法上的優(yōu)勢(shì)。比如,油脂、水泥、沙石、電纜、膠帶等傳統(tǒng)能耗指標(biāo)中未考慮的項(xiàng)目,與一次能源一樣對(duì)礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行具有很高的能值貢獻(xiàn)。在研究不同能量源作用于同一系統(tǒng)時(shí),應(yīng)該更著重于在復(fù)合界面對(duì)系統(tǒng)中的各種流以同一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一評(píng)價(jià)。 以能值為度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),量化礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)主要污染物排放對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響程度,以及大氣污染物對(duì)人類(lèi)健康的潛在危害程度。結(jié)果表明:稀釋水污染物濃度的水資源能值貢獻(xiàn)在系統(tǒng)中占很大比例;年長(zhǎng)日久的煤矸石堆置會(huì)造成大量的土地能值損失。CO2通過(guò)氣候變化對(duì)人類(lèi)健康造成的影響不容忽視。相同原煤產(chǎn)出的情況下,濟(jì)三煤礦污染物排放對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的負(fù)面影響有加劇趨勢(shì),研究期內(nèi)平均影響程度比姚橋煤礦小,且大氣污染物對(duì)職工生命健康的潛在危害(DALYs)也較后者要小。 通過(guò)追蹤系統(tǒng)物能流,分析礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的代謝與土地利用/覆被變化之間的相互作用關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明:人類(lèi)社會(huì)對(duì)礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)反饋直接影響了水域和建設(shè)用地的土地面積變化,且能源的利用是礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)土地利用/覆被變化的重要社會(huì)-經(jīng)濟(jì)驅(qū)動(dòng)力因子。以能值利用強(qiáng)度作為衡量礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的墾殖強(qiáng)度指標(biāo),礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的墾殖強(qiáng)度是所在區(qū)域墾殖強(qiáng)度的4.43倍。建立基于能值的生態(tài)足跡模型,以區(qū)域可更新自然資源和生物生產(chǎn)性土地的可更新部分為基礎(chǔ),計(jì)算能值-生態(tài)承載力;以系統(tǒng)物能流為基礎(chǔ),計(jì)算能值-生態(tài)足跡。模型應(yīng)用結(jié)果表明:礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)反饋物能流的利用效率對(duì)系統(tǒng)的能值-生態(tài)足跡影響很大,人類(lèi)對(duì)礦山生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的墾殖使得復(fù)合系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)性每況愈下。
[Abstract]:Mining activities are closely related to the natural environment resources in all departments of human production activities . In the past , because of the lack of understanding of the value of environmental resource factors , the self - adaptability of the ecosystem caused by mining activities is reduced , and the ecological welfare of human offspring is lost . Therefore , it is important to establish effective sustainability evaluation indexes to examine the mutual - feed relationship between society and nature in the process of mineral resources development .



Based on the theory of socio - economic metabolism , the MEFA model is based on the energy flow accounting framework , the energy value theory and method , which is based on the historical data of each subsystem of the mine ecological - economic - social composite system , and studies the metabolic mechanism of the main years in the mine - specific life cycle .



Through the assessment of energy value of regional and mine ecosystem , systematic energy flow analysis is carried out from three aspects of system operation , pollutant discharge and relationship with land use .



In this paper , the energy value assessment of the region compound system in the mine ecosystem is carried out , and the value theory and the evaluation method are introduced in detail , and the development status of the regional eco - economic system is evaluated by analyzing the change locus of the energy value index , and the regional energy value index is provided for the evaluation of the mine ecosystem energy value .



The paper draws a general map of energy flow of mine ecosystem according to the sign of energy path , and has greatly assisted the complex energy value evaluation process , and established a set of index system of energy value of mine ecosystem . The energy value of the mine ecosystem is more than 3 times higher than that in Yaoqiao coal mine . The energy consumption of the mine ecosystem is more than 3 times higher than that of the coal mine .



The results show that the water resources energy value contribution of diluted water pollutant concentration can account for a large proportion of the system . The results show that the water resources energy value contribution of diluted water pollutant concentration can account for a large proportion in the system . The effect of CO2 on human health can not be ignored by climate change . In the same raw coal output , the average influence degree of the pollutant discharge on the ecological environment is smaller than that of Yaoqiao coal mine , and the potential harm to the health of workers ' life is less than that of the latter .



The relationship between the metabolism of mine ecosystem and land use / cover change is analyzed by tracking system energy flow . The results show that the economic feedback of the human society directly affects the land area change of the water area and the construction land , and the utilization of energy is the important social - economic driving force factor of the land use / cover change of the mine ecosystem .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F426.1;F205

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 萬(wàn)倫來(lái);丁焱燕;朱琴;;礦產(chǎn)資源型地區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能:緣起、理論及最新進(jìn)展[J];生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì);2012年10期

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本文編號(hào)：1926653