本文關鍵詞： 政府權力 干預經(jīng)濟 市場失靈 權力變異 機制構建　出處：《湖南大學》2007年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 在體制轉(zhuǎn)型時期,市場的自由發(fā)展必然要求淡化經(jīng)濟生活的計劃成分和權力色彩,唯有政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變與政府權力重構才能成就市場經(jīng)濟必需的自由。如何使我國政府在干預經(jīng)濟的過程中遵循市場經(jīng)濟的規(guī)律,有限有效地干預經(jīng)濟,使經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益提高,穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟秩序和社會秩序,實現(xiàn)真正的社會公平和公正,是法學界、經(jīng)濟學界、政治學界共同探討的課題。 經(jīng)濟法視域中的政府權力是由法律賦予的,政府憑借擁有的巨大的社會資源和自然資源在公共生產(chǎn)過程中,對一切公私企事業(yè)部門及國家各種行業(yè)進行直接間接的經(jīng)營管理或進行宏觀的調(diào)節(jié)控制的一種強制力和支配力。政府干預經(jīng)濟在應然層面具有獨特性。其特性主要有:干預主體的主被動統(tǒng)一性、干預手段的誘導性、干預范圍的合法性、干預性質(zhì)的經(jīng)濟性、干預目的公益性。由于政府的權力對于公民的權利來說是從屬、派生性的。在干預前和干預后的社會狀態(tài)中,自由的份額并沒有減少,自由并沒有向干預者轉(zhuǎn)移,只是通過干預重建了經(jīng)濟自由秩序,干預只能是這樣一種自由秩序重建的法律理由,而不能是干預者掠奪被干預者權利的理由。但在經(jīng)濟生活中,完美而理想的市場機制是不可能存在的,由于市場機制的缺陷決定了政府干預的積極主動性。而政府是由個人組成的,擁有自己的利益追求,這又使得政府權力并不比市場更高明,應保持一定的距離,相對被動于市場的需要才進行干預。政府通過權力在干預經(jīng)濟過程中,由于其主被動一體性,在干預手段上,公法上的強制行為并不是政府干預經(jīng)濟的惟一選擇,在有些情形下甚至不是政府干預經(jīng)濟的最優(yōu)選擇,干預手段反而以非強制性,誘導性手段為主。政府干預經(jīng)濟必須具有法律依據(jù),政府的任何干預都應當在法定的職權范圍內(nèi)。政府干預經(jīng)濟旨在實現(xiàn)國家的社會經(jīng)濟職能,實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟和社會的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,它作用的對象是一定的社會經(jīng)濟生活。政府干預經(jīng)濟是與社會利益或曰社會公共利益聯(lián)系在一起的,政府作為社會經(jīng)濟管理中心,為實現(xiàn)其社會經(jīng)濟職能,必須致力于社會利益的實現(xiàn)和增進,保障社會利益。通過干預,政府不應成為新的利益關系中的利益訴求者與索取者,干預必須是為了被干預者利益而進行的干預,而不是為了干預者利益而進行的干預。即干預必須超越市場利益關系,干預者是為了正義、公平而進行的干預,干預者不得從中牟取利益。 政府干預經(jīng)濟的正當性、合理性、合法性是政府干預經(jīng)濟機制構建的基石。需要與共生的存在是政府干預經(jīng)濟的邏輯前提,市場失靈理論為政府干預經(jīng)濟找到了經(jīng)濟學的理論必然,政府權力與權利之間的辨證關系則是政府干預經(jīng)濟的法理淵源。世界范圍內(nèi)各國政府干預經(jīng)濟機制給我國政府干預經(jīng)濟機制提供了許多可資借鑒的經(jīng)驗。 回顧我國政府通過權力干預經(jīng)濟的歷史過程,出現(xiàn)了諸如政府行為的低效率、政府干預結果的不確定性、政府越權干預市場主體經(jīng)濟活動、地方貿(mào)易壁壘和地方保護、尋租與腐敗的產(chǎn)生等變異現(xiàn)象。透過現(xiàn)象探尋這些變異現(xiàn)象背后的原因,主要在于市場經(jīng)濟本身的不完善、政治體制改革相對滯后、市場經(jīng)濟必備的法制不健全和落后的思想觀念。其中目前我國房地產(chǎn)市場和股票市場中政府干預行為的現(xiàn)實實例說明完善政府干預經(jīng)濟機制構建的緊迫性和可行性。 為了改變我國政府干預經(jīng)濟過程中的變異現(xiàn)象,完善中國政府干預經(jīng)濟機制勢在必行。此機制應由政府干預經(jīng)濟的原則、政府干預經(jīng)濟過程中政府的定位、政府干預經(jīng)濟的內(nèi)部行政機制及憲法制約機制四部分緊密聯(lián)系,相互作用形成。其中原則是干預機制構建的坐標,只有在權力法制原則、效率提高原則、秩序穩(wěn)定原則和社會公平原則的指導下,此機制的構建才符合整個社會發(fā)展的方向。因為只有在以權力法制原則為原點,才能保證市場經(jīng)濟朝著效率提高和秩序穩(wěn)定的正向橫坐標方向發(fā)展,同時只有在社會公平原則這一終極目標的正向縱坐標不斷延伸的基礎上才能使坐標上的任何一點的數(shù)值達到最大值。而政府定位是整個機制得以良性運轉(zhuǎn)的關鍵,有限有效政府、民主政府、法治政府、責任政府和人道政府的五位一體的綜合體的形成,使政府通過權力干預經(jīng)濟過程中的主體不會出現(xiàn)變異,使系統(tǒng)正常運轉(zhuǎn)。而中央政府權力與地方政府權力框架的重構有如系統(tǒng)的潤滑劑,在不更換整臺機器設備的前提下,使機器的每個零部件更好的鉚和。最后,憲法的經(jīng)濟干預尤如安全閥,是整個機制良性運行的保障。實踐表明,憲法規(guī)定政府對經(jīng)濟的明確干預能夠有力地推動社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:During the transformation period, the free development of the market the inevitable requirement of economic life plan components and desalination power of color, only the transformation of government functions and government power reconstruction can achieve the necessary freedom of market economy. How to make our government to follow the market economy in the process of economic intervention of limited effective intervention in the economy, and make economic benefit social benefit, economic order and social order, to realize social fairness and justice, law, economics, political science circles to discuss the issue.
In the perspective of economic law and the power of the government is endowed by law, government by vast social resources and natural resources in the public in the process of production, operation and management directly or indirectly to all public and private enterprises and national industries or a force control macro and force of government intervention in the economy. There are unique in the "mask. Its characteristics are: the intervention of active and passive unity, induction of the intervention, the legitimacy of the scope of intervention, intervention in the economy of nature, the purpose of public welfare. Because government intervention power is subordinate to the rights of citizens is derived. In the pre intervention and the intervention in the social state, free share has not decreased, and no free transfer to the intervention, only through the intervention of rebuilding the order of economic freedom, intervention is only such a free order weight The legal reason to build, but not the intervention intervention plunder is right reason. But in the economic life, the perfect and ideal market mechanism is not possible, because of the defect of market mechanism determines the initiative of government intervention. The government is composed of individuals, has its own interests to pursue. This also makes the power of the government is not better than market, should maintain a certain distance, relatively passive in the market just need to intervene. The government through the power of intervention in the economy, because of the passive one, in the intervention, public law on compulsory behavior is not the only choice of government intervention in the economy, choice not even the best government intervention in the economy in some cases, interventions are mainly non mandatory, mainly induced by means of government intervention in the economy. Must have legal basis, any intervention should be in government The statutory scope of government intervention in the economy. In order to achieve national economic functions, realize the coordinated development of economy and society, it is the object of a certain social and economic life. Government intervention in the economy and social interests or social public interests linked to the government as an economic management center, to realize the social economy the functions must be committed to realize and promote social interests, safeguard the interests of society. Through the intervention, the government should not become new demands and interests of claimants, intervention is carried out in order to be intervention interests, not to intervene in the interest of the intervention must intervene. Go beyond the interests of market intervention, in order to justice, fair and the intervention, intervention may reap benefits.
The legitimacy of government intervention in the economy, rationality, legitimacy is the foundation for the construction of government intervention in the economy. The mechanism needs and symbiotic existence is the logical premise of the government intervention in the economy, the market failure theory for government intervention in the economy to find the economic theory bound, dialectical relationship between government power and rights is the legal origin of the government intervention in the economy in different countries around the world. The government intervention in the economy mechanism for China's government economic intervention mechanism provides many experiences.
Review of China's government through the historical process of power to intervene in the economy, the low efficiency of government behavior such as government intervention, the uncertainty of government intervention, market economic activities, regional trade barriers and local protection, rent-seeking and corruption and the generation of variation phenomenon. Through the phenomenon to explore the reasons behind these variation phenomenon, mainly in the market economy itself is not perfect, the reform of the political system lags behind the market economy, imperfect legal system and backward ideas. The current government as an example of China's real estate market and the stock market intervention that improve the feasibility and urgency of establishing the mechanism of government intervention in the economy.
In order to change the abnormal phenomenon of Chinese government intervention in the economy, it is imperative to perfect the mechanism of government intervention in the economy. China principle of this mechanism should be the government intervention in the economy, the government in the process of government intervention in the economy, government intervention in the economy the internal administrative mechanism and constitution about the mechanism four parts closely, the formation of interaction. The principle is to coordinate intervention mechanism, only in the power law principle, efficiency principle, stability principle and the principle of social justice under the guidance of this mechanism, Gou Jiancai meets the entire social development direction. Because only in the power law principle is the origin, in order to ensure the positive direction toward the abscissa of market economy to improve the efficiency and stability of the order the development, and only in the basis of the ultimate goal of social fairness extends on the positive y-axis to make any coordinate on the A numerical point reaches the maximum value. While the government positioning is the key to the benign operation mechanism, limited effective government, democratic government, legal government, responsible government and the formation of complex humanitarian five government, make the government intervention through the power of economic subject in the process does not appear to make variation, the normal operation of the system. And the reconstruction of the central the power of the government and the local government has the framework of power such as system lubricant, without replacement of the entire machine, the machine each parts better and riveting. Finally, the constitution of economic intervention as a safety valve, is to ensure the benign operation mechanism. Practice shows that the Constitution provides explicit government intervention in the economy to effectively promote the development of social economy.

【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：F062.6

【引證文獻】

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1 程蕾;花明;;實現(xiàn)企業(yè)社會責任:政府干預的正當性及其邊界——基于寧波市政府的實踐[J];理論導報;2009年02期

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1 馬凌;李光宇;;淺析政府干預的法律規(guī)制——以新制度經(jīng)濟學分析為視角[A];2009年度（第七屆）中國法經(jīng)濟學論壇論文集[C];2009年

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2 宋慧宇;行政監(jiān)管權研究[D];吉林大學;2010年

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1 馬凌;淺析我國政府干預的法律規(guī)制[D];吉林財經(jīng)大學;2010年

2 朱穎;論地方政府打造外資密集區(qū)對其經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生的影響[D];蘇州大學;2011年

3 王哲;“限塑令”的生態(tài)學與經(jīng)濟法學思考[D];西南政法大學;2009年

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