本文關(guān)鍵詞：生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的條件價值評估：理論、方法與應(yīng)用　出處：《華東師范大學》2005年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù) 自然資源 條件價值法 評價 支付意愿 受償意愿 偏差/差異

【摘要】：自然資源與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能及其價值評價在全球范圍內(nèi)成為環(huán)境經(jīng)濟學和生態(tài)經(jīng)濟學的研究熱點和焦點之一。直接市場技術(shù)是當前較多采用的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值評價方法,評價的價值內(nèi)容也多局限于使用價值。自然資源與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的非使用價值雖然在理論上得到了廣泛的認定,但其價值評估工作未得到有效跟進�；诳沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展角度,自然資源與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的總經(jīng)濟價值評估具有重要的環(huán)境管理和決策意義,條件價值法是評價公共物品尤其是環(huán)境物品的非使用價值的標準方法之一,作為國際上應(yīng)用最廣泛的自然資源與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的價值技術(shù)方法之一,條件價值法必須在國內(nèi)引進并在實踐過程中逐漸完善,這也是國內(nèi)環(huán)境經(jīng)濟學領(lǐng)域的重要課題之一。 本文回顧了近年來國際上關(guān)于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值評估的理論方法和實證研究,并對國內(nèi)目前的區(qū)域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值評估研究作了重點探討,總結(jié)了一些生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值評估的現(xiàn)階段特征,如偏重于使用直接市場技術(shù),而模擬市場技術(shù)和假想市場技術(shù)(如條件價值法)較少應(yīng)用,并提出了應(yīng)用條件價值法評價生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的必要性。同時,對條件價值法的發(fā)展歷史及其經(jīng)濟學原理、方法學原則、偏差分析、價值尺度不對稱等理論方面的問題作了一定的總結(jié)和述評。在實證部分對條件價值法的具體應(yīng)用過程和結(jié)論,以及一些理論問題的具體表現(xiàn)進行了一些較為深入的分析探討。 依托教育部高校博士點基金項目“上海高度城市化過程中的水面率控制及相關(guān)生態(tài)環(huán)境效應(yīng)研究”(No.20020269014)和上海市河道管理處項目“上海生態(tài)城市建設(shè)過程中的內(nèi)河水面率研究”,本文以全國河道綜合整治的樣板工程——上海浦東張家浜城市河流為例,在辨別城市河流提供的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能基礎(chǔ)上,基于條件價值法(Contingent valuation method,CVM)評估理論對其生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)進行貨幣化計量。于2002年發(fā)放支付卡CVM問卷129份,回收有效問卷113份;2003年8月委托上海市水務(wù)局河道管理處發(fā)放支付卡CVM問卷800份,回收有效問卷646份;2003年8月發(fā)放DC-CVM問卷640份,回收有效問卷507份。對研究對象生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的3次條件價值評估結(jié)論表明: (1)城市河流具有重要的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值。支付卡條件價值評估研究的支付意愿為RMB195.06/a戶,二分式條件價值評估研究的支付意愿為RMB1289.06/a戶。該城市河流的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值基本保持在RMB1.211×10~8/a(2002年價格),最高為RMB8.242×10~8/a(2003年價格);(2)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的條件價值評估與區(qū)域社會經(jīng)濟水平和特征存在顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系。對張家浜城市河流的不同條價值評估模式均表明,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的支付意愿水平與研究區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟水平(收入)、教育水平(學歷)、家庭人口、捐款經(jīng)歷、環(huán)境態(tài)度等變量具有顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系,這也是驗證條件價值法結(jié)論的關(guān)鍵步驟;(3)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的非使用價值得到了明顯的認定。70%以上的非沿線居民具有支付意愿,對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的存在價值表示了明顯的環(huán)境偏好。 基于實證研究數(shù)據(jù),對CVM的一些理論和方法進行了初步的分析和討論。就CVM問卷的設(shè)計和調(diào)查技術(shù)、數(shù)據(jù)分析技術(shù)、偏差分析與控制、模式差異、WTA/WTP不對稱性,CVM可靠性和有效性的驗證等技術(shù)性問題展開一系列較為詳細的分析與討論,相關(guān)研究結(jié)果表明:
[Abstract]:Evaluation of natural resources and ecosystem services and values become the environmental economics and ecological economics research focus and the focus of the worldwide market. Direct technology is the ecosystem services evaluation methods currently used, the value of content evaluation is limited to the use value of natural resources and ecosystem services. Although the non use value in theory, has been widely recognized, but its value assessment has not been effectively followed. Based on the sustainable development, natural resources and ecosystem services of the total economic value assessment has important significance for environmental management and decision-making, the contingent valuation method is the evaluation of public goods especially one of the standard methods of the non use value of environmental goods as one of the technical methods, the value of natural resources and ecosystem services, the most widely used internationally, conditional value method It must be introduced at home and gradually perfected in the process of practice, which is also one of the important topics in the field of domestic environmental economics.
This paper reviews the recent international assessment of ecosystem service value theory and empirical research methods, and Research on Evaluation of regional ecosystem service value at present in our country as the focus, summed up the current features of assessment of ecosystem service value, such as the emphasis on the use of direct market technology, simulation technology and virtual market the market of Technology (such as conditional value method) is rarely used, and put forward the necessity of the application of conditional value method of evaluation of ecosystem services. At the same time, the development history of the contingent valuation method and economics principle, principle, methodology of deviation analysis, value scale asymmetry theory problems summarized in the empirical and review. Some of the specific application process and the conclusion of conditional value method, the specific performance and some theoretical problems are some of the more in-depth analysis is discussed.
Relying on the Ministry of Education University Dr. foundation program and the related control effect of ecological environment in Shanghai city during the height of the water surface ratio "(No.20020269014) and the Management Office of Shanghai River project" Shanghai ecological city construction in the process of inland water rate research ", based on the comprehensive renovation of the river model project - Shanghai Pudong Zhangjiabang City River as an example, the ecosystem service function provides the basis in identifying the city rivers, based on contingent valuation method (Contingent valuation method, CVM) on the ecosystem service evaluation theory on currency measurement. On 2002 payment card CVM 129 questionnaires, 113 valid questionnaires in August 2003; commissioned by the Shanghai Municipal Water Affairs Bureau River Management Office issued a payment card CVM 800 questionnaires, 646 valid questionnaires; August 2003 DC-CVM issued 640 questionnaires, 507 valid questionnaires. The conclusions of the 3 conditions value assessment of the ecosystem services of the research object show that:
(1) the river city has important ecosystem service value. The willingness to pay of card of contingent valuation for the payment of RMB195.06/a, payment of the two contingent value assessment for RMB1289.06/a households. The city of river ecosystem service value remained at RMB1.211 * 10~8/a (prices in 2002), the highest is RMB8.242 * 10~8/a (the price in 2003); (2) there was a significant correlation between the contingent valuation of ecosystem services and regional economic level and social characteristics. Different value evaluation model of Zhangjiabang River City show that the level of willingness to pay and study of regional ecosystem services economic level (income), the level of Education (Education), family population, donation experience, environmental attitude variables have significant correlation, which is the key step of verification of CVM conclusion; (3) the non use value of ecosystem services It is worth noting that the non residents along the line over.70% have the willingness to pay, and the value of the existence of the ecosystem services is marked by an obvious environmental preference.
An empirical study based on the data of some theories and methods of CVM are also analyzed and discussed. The design and technology of CVM questionnaire survey, data analysis technology, analysis and control, deviation difference, WTA/WTP asymmetry, analyze and discuss a series of detailed CVM reliability and validity verification technology the results show that the related problems:

【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：F062.2

【相似文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李桂榮;陳彥平;;遞耗資產(chǎn)的特性及其對會計確認與計量的影響[J];財政監(jiān)督;2011年20期

2 張琪;;四川羌區(qū)自然資源經(jīng)濟開發(fā)條件分析[J];經(jīng)營管理者;2011年16期

3 徐康寧;周言敬;;關(guān)于自然資源與經(jīng)濟增長關(guān)系的幾個重要問題[J];蘭州商學院學報;2011年03期

4 周建軍;;資源收益公有的國際借鑒[J];w，

本文編號：1375992