【摘要】： 資本形態(tài)始終是馬克思主義理論關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)問題,馬克思關(guān)于資本的本性、資本的歷史性觀點(diǎn)是我們正確看待資本形態(tài)歷史演變的前提。資本形態(tài)的當(dāng)代表現(xiàn)以及資本的二重性作用,要求我們?cè)谥袊厣鐣?huì)主義建設(shè)過程中,既要正確把握當(dāng)代資本的發(fā)展方向,又要正確對(duì)待資本的負(fù)面效應(yīng),給予資本以合理的歷史定位。 資本的本性是最大限度的獲得自身的價(jià)值增殖,獲取價(jià)值一般、財(cái)富一般。資本關(guān)系在一定社會(huì)歷史條件下的具體表現(xiàn)方式,即資本形態(tài),是資本實(shí)現(xiàn)自身本性的具體途徑。資本在不同的歷史條件下,其運(yùn)行方式、條件、占有或存在的領(lǐng)域、賴以增殖的具體手段等等是有所不同的,這些不同就表明資本形態(tài)的歷史性變化。由于資本內(nèi)在的固有矛盾,導(dǎo)致資本在其每一歷史發(fā)展階段中都不可避免的遭遇危機(jī)或界限,從而不得不轉(zhuǎn)變存在方式,進(jìn)入新的歷史發(fā)展時(shí)期。從機(jī)器大工業(yè)以來,資本形態(tài)的特殊表現(xiàn)方式經(jīng)歷了三個(gè)歷史階段和三個(gè)歷史轉(zhuǎn)變,三個(gè)階段分別是馬克思時(shí)代的資本形態(tài)、列寧時(shí)代的資本形態(tài)、二戰(zhàn)后的資本形態(tài)。三個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變是:馬克思時(shí)代資本形態(tài)的主要表現(xiàn)在于輕工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和國內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的滿足方面;列寧時(shí)代資本形態(tài)的主要表現(xiàn)在于重工業(yè)生產(chǎn)集中、資本集中、金融壟斷、殖民地貿(mào)易以及對(duì)世界市場(chǎng)的瓜分;戰(zhàn)后資本形態(tài)的主要表現(xiàn)在于高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)誕生、跨國性的產(chǎn)業(yè)投資、資本存在領(lǐng)域的多樣化、資本的非物質(zhì)化趨向以及全球金融資本的高速流動(dòng)等等方面。在這三個(gè)歷史階段中,資本形態(tài)的發(fā)展前后相聯(lián),但表現(xiàn)方式卻有著明顯的差異性。資本的本質(zhì)屬性與資本的歷史形態(tài)表現(xiàn)是資本作為社會(huì)存在的兩個(gè)方面,二者是相互統(tǒng)一的。 當(dāng)代資本在實(shí)現(xiàn)自身本性的過程中,已經(jīng)滲透到社會(huì)存在的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域,同時(shí)以前所未有的速度向全球擴(kuò)展,表現(xiàn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、一體化的過程。盡管一方面資本創(chuàng)造了巨大的生產(chǎn)力,提升了人類的活動(dòng)水平,但另一方面卻引發(fā)了全球性的負(fù)面問題,各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)層出不窮,人類的存在面臨著深刻的危機(jī)。這就是資本的二重性作用。中國的發(fā)展離不開世界,在中國特色社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的過程中,我們利用資本、發(fā)展資本,是為了發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力,但這并不等于要以資本至上為價(jià)值目標(biāo),而且資本帶來的負(fù)面效應(yīng),要求我們必須對(duì)其進(jìn)行合理的控制和調(diào)節(jié)。
[Abstract]:Capital form has always been the focus of Marxist theory. Marx's historical view on the nature of capital and capital is the premise for us to treat the historical evolution of capital formation correctly. The contemporary manifestation of capital form and the dual function of capital require us to correctly grasp the development direction of contemporary capital and treat the negative effect of capital correctly in the process of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. To give capital a reasonable historical position. The nature of capital is to maximize the gain of its own value multiplication, access to value general, wealth general. The specific expression of capital relationship under certain social and historical conditions, namely, capital form, is the specific way for capital to realize its own nature. Under different historical conditions, the mode of operation, conditions, possession or existence of capital, the specific means of multiplication and so on are different. These differences indicate the historic change of capital form. Because of the inherent contradiction of capital, it is inevitable for capital to encounter crisis or limit in each stage of its historical development, so it has to change its mode of existence and enter a new historical development period. Since the great machinery industry, the special manifestation of capital form has experienced three historical stages and three historical changes, namely, the capital form of Marx era, the capital form of Lenin era and the capital form after World War II. The three changes are: the main manifestation of capital form in Marx's era lies in light industry production, free competition and the satisfaction of domestic market, and the main manifestation of capital form in Lenin's era lies in the concentration of heavy industry production, capital concentration and financial monopoly. Colonial trade and the division of world markets; the main manifestations of the postwar capital formation were the birth of high-tech industries, transnational industrial investment, and diversification of capital existence. The dematerialization trend of capital and the high-speed flow of global financial capital and so on. In these three historical stages, the development of capital form is related before and after, but there are obvious differences. The essential attribute of capital and the historical form of capital are two aspects of capital as social existence. In the process of realizing its own nature, contemporary capital has penetrated into various fields of social existence, and at the same time, it has expanded to the whole world at an unprecedented speed, which is manifested in the process of economic globalization and integration. Although on the one hand the capital has created the huge productive force and raised the human activity level, but on the other hand has caused the global negative question, each kind of risk emerges in endlessly, the human existence is facing the profound crisis. This is the dual role of capital. China's development is inseparable from the world. In the process of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, we use capital and develop capital in order to develop productive forces, but this does not mean that we should take capital first as the value goal. Moreover, the negative effect of capital requires us to control and regulate it reasonably.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：F014

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