水庫移民補償理論與實證研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-17 07:49
【摘要】：大規(guī)模的工程建設(shè)一方面產(chǎn)生了巨大的經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益,促進了社會的發(fā) 展;另一方面需要征用大量土地而產(chǎn)生了越來越艱巨的移民安置問題。水庫移民是工 程移民安置中最為復(fù)雜的一種活動。從歷史經(jīng)驗來看,水利水電工程建設(shè)給移民帶來 的經(jīng)濟和社會負面影響并沒有在工程建設(shè)成本中得到真實的反映,移民搬遷后不能獲 得足額的補償,受影響的人群不公平地承擔了工程建設(shè)帶來的經(jīng)濟和社會成本,基本 的生產(chǎn)條件和生活條件得不到恢復(fù),導致生活水平嚴重下降,陷入長期的貧困中。移 民的貧困與工程本身產(chǎn)生的巨大社會和經(jīng)濟效益形成強烈的反差。隨著市場經(jīng)濟體制 的建立與完善,國家與移民之間的利益關(guān)系需要重新定義。市場經(jīng)濟的公平原則要求 國家、工程業(yè)主和移民在平等的基礎(chǔ)上正確地處理移民安置過程中的經(jīng)濟關(guān)系,協(xié)商 移民補償方式與標準,保證移民在搬遷后生活水平得到恢復(fù)和改善,使真正移民成為 水利水電資源開發(fā)的受益者。但我國目前移民補償理論仍然帶有濃厚的計劃經(jīng)濟思維 特征,移民補償機制沒有建立在市場機制之上,移民補償標準沒能反映移民損失的真 實價值,移民補償方式比較單一,移民沒有成為工程的受益者。因此,認真研究市場 經(jīng)濟條件下移民補償問題,對于保障移民基本權(quán)利、促進社會公平、實現(xiàn)水利水電資 源的合理配置、促進水利水電資源的合理開發(fā)與利用具有重要意義。 本文從水庫移民的性質(zhì)和特點出發(fā),分析了水庫移民補償在水庫移民經(jīng)濟社會系 統(tǒng)重建中的地位,指出在非自愿移民遷移中,成本-收益理論仍然發(fā)生作用,合理的 移民補償對實現(xiàn)水庫移民搬遷由非自愿性向自愿性轉(zhuǎn)變起主要作用。要實現(xiàn)水庫移民 由非自愿性向自愿性轉(zhuǎn)變,必須使移民在遷移后的收益大于成本,那么就要對移民淹 沒的真實損失進行合理的評估。 對于受淹土地價值的評估,本文指出傳統(tǒng)的收益倍數(shù)法低估了土地的價值,土地 對移民的價值主要體現(xiàn)在其所具有的社會保障價值,并對社會保障價值進行了分析與 計算。對移民的損失進行補償時不能只是以看得見的有形損失為依據(jù),移民無形的社 會損失也是移民損失的重要組成部分。只有分配了與移民的真實損失相匹配的移民補 償資金,移民經(jīng)濟社會系統(tǒng)的重建才有可靠的基礎(chǔ)。 由于水利水電工程巨大的外部性,使得政府對這種外部性進行校正成為必要。但 政府對水利水電工程外部性不恰當?shù)男Ｕ绞绞顾姽こ痰氖芤嬷褪軗p者之 間的收益和成本的分配出現(xiàn)錯位。本文指出政府在有限的工程資金的約束下,利用自 I WP=4 身既是業(yè)主又是移民補償標準的制定者的條件通過壓低移民補償標準減少工程總投 資,從而導致移民補償投資的不足,資源的配置不能達到泊累托最優(yōu),導致淹沒區(qū)越 來越貧窮,受益區(qū)越來越富的“馬太效應(yīng)”。本文認為僅僅對移民的財產(chǎn)損失進行補 償是不夠的,應(yīng)確保移民參與工程效益的分配。 為了建立起完善的移民補償機制,必須改變目前傳統(tǒng)的行政色彩很濃的具有扶貧 與救濟性質(zhì)的工程效益分享政策,以淹沒區(qū)資源價值轉(zhuǎn)移理論為依據(jù),讓移民以投資 者的身份參與工程效益的分享,建立起受淹區(qū)與受益區(qū)之間的合理利益分配機制。 本文強調(diào)移民補償政策的完善需要借鑒發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家的經(jīng)驗教訓。世界 銀行在制定移民政策方面走在世界的前列,其移民補償政策對發(fā)展中國家的移民補償 政策的制定產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。發(fā)達國家的移民補償政策是建立在市場經(jīng)濟等價交換的 基礎(chǔ)上,對于正處于社會主義市場經(jīng)濟初級階段的中國具有一定的借鑒意義。發(fā)展中 國家在移民補償政策方面存在的問題所引起的移民安置的社會經(jīng)濟問題值得中國的 重視。中國的移民補償政策與過去相比有了很大的改進,但需要根據(jù)新的社會經(jīng)濟環(huán) 境進行調(diào)整和完善。 為了為移民補償理論的完善尋找論據(jù),本文以三峽工程作為案例進行了實證研 究。通過對三峽工程的移民安置以及補償政策的制定和實施進行實地調(diào)查,掌握了大 量的第一手資料,對三峽工程移民補償政策的有關(guān)內(nèi)容進行了分析,對移民補償政策 實施過程的存在問題進行了剖析,提出了進一步完善三峽工程移民補償政策的建議。
[Abstract]:The large - scale project construction has produced great economic and social benefits on the one hand , and promoted the development of society
On the other hand , a lot of land is needed to create more and more difficult resettlement problems . Reservoir migrants are labor .
One of the most complex activities in the resettlement of water conservancy and hydropower projects .
The negative impact of the economic and social impacts of the project is not reflected in the construction cost , and the migration cannot be obtained after the migration
in order to obtain full compensation , the affected people unfairly assume the economic and social cost of the construction , and basically
The conditions of production and living conditions are not restored , leading to a serious decline in the standard of living and into the long - term poverty .
The poverty of the people and the huge social and economic benefits of the project itself form a strong contrast . With the market economic system
The establishment and perfection of the relationship between the state and the immigration need to be redefined . The fair principle of the market economy demands
The state , the project owner and the migrants correctly handle the economic relations and consultations in the resettlement process on the basis of equality
Migration compensation methods and standards to ensure that migrants are restored and improved after the relocation and that real immigrants are made to become immigrants
However , China ' s current migration compensation theory still has a strong planned economy thinking .
Characteristics , the migration compensation mechanism has not been established on the market mechanism , the migration compensation standard does not reflect the true of the immigrant ' s loss
The real value , the migration compensation method is relatively single , the migration has not become the beneficiary of the project . Therefore , serious research on the market
The problem of migration compensation under economic conditions is to guarantee the fundamental rights of migrants , promote social equity and realize water conservancy and hydropower .
The rational allocation of the source is of great significance to the rational exploitation and utilization of water conservancy and hydropower resources .
Based on the characteristics and characteristics of reservoir migration , this paper analyzes the reservoir migration compensation in reservoir migration and society system .
In the non - voluntary migration , the cost - benefit theory still plays a role and is reasonable
Migration compensation plays a major role in realizing reservoir migration from voluntary to voluntary , and to realize reservoir resettlement .
By non - voluntary transition to voluntary nature , the return of migrants to migration must be greater than the cost , then flooding
No real loss is reasonably evaluated .
For the evaluation of the value of flooded land , this paper points out that the traditional income multiplier method underestimated the value of the land and the land
The value of the immigrants is mainly reflected in the social security value , and the social security value is analyzed .
In the case of compensation for the loss of migrants , it is not only based on visible loss of tangible property , nor is it an immigrant intangible news agency
The loss is also an important component of the loss of migrants . Only immigrants who have been assigned to match the real losses of migrants
The reconstruction of the economic and social system of migrants is based on a reliable basis .
Due to the huge external nature of water conservancy and hydropower project , it is necessary for the government to correct the external nature .
The government has benefited and damaged the water conservancy and hydropower project by improper correction of the exterior of water conservancy and hydropower project
This paper points out that the government takes advantage of the constraints of limited engineering funds .
I
WP=4
The condition of the maker who is both the owner and the immigration compensation standard is to reduce the total project investment by lowering the immigration compensation standard
Funding , which leads to the shortage of investment compensation investment , the allocation of resources can not reach the Pareto optimal , which leads to flooding area .
The more poverty comes , the benefit area is getting richer and more " Matthew effect " . This article argues that only compensation for the property losses of immigrants
It is not enough to ensure that migrants are involved in the allocation of engineering benefits .
In order to establish a perfect mechanism for migration compensation , it is necessary to change the present traditional administrative color which is rich in poverty alleviation .
Benefit - sharing policy with relief nature , based on the theory of the transfer of resources value in the flooded area , let the immigrants invest in investment
The identity of the person is involved in the sharing of the benefits of the project , and a reasonable profit distribution mechanism between the flooded area and the beneficiary area is established .
This paper emphasizes that the improvement of immigration compensation policy needs to learn from the experiences and lessons of developed and developing countries .
Banks are at the forefront of the world in the development of immigration policies , and their immigration - compensation policies are compensating for the migration of developing countries
The formulation of policies has had a tremendous impact . The migration compensation policy of developed countries is based on the exchange of market economy
On the base , China has certain reference significance for China which is in the primary stage of socialist market economy .
The socio - economic aspects of the resettlement of migrants arising from the problems of the State in the area of immigration compensation are worth China
China ' s immigration compensation policy has improved considerably over the past , but needs to be based on the new socio - economic ring
Adjustment and improvement of the environment .
In order to find the basis for the perfection of the theory of migration compensation , this paper studies the Three Gorges Project as a case .
At the same time , through the investigation of the resettlement of the Three Gorges Project and the formulation and implementation of the compensation policy , the author has mastered the large scale of the Three Gorges Project .
According to the first hand data of the quantity , the relevant contents of the resettlement compensation policy of the Three Gorges Project are analyzed , and the immigration compensation policy is adopted .
This paper analyzes the existing problems of the implementation process , and puts forward some suggestions for further improving the resettlement compensation policy of the Three Gorges Project .
【學位授予單位】：華中科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：F0
本文編號：2129667
[Abstract]:The large - scale project construction has produced great economic and social benefits on the one hand , and promoted the development of society
On the other hand , a lot of land is needed to create more and more difficult resettlement problems . Reservoir migrants are labor .
One of the most complex activities in the resettlement of water conservancy and hydropower projects .
The negative impact of the economic and social impacts of the project is not reflected in the construction cost , and the migration cannot be obtained after the migration
in order to obtain full compensation , the affected people unfairly assume the economic and social cost of the construction , and basically
The conditions of production and living conditions are not restored , leading to a serious decline in the standard of living and into the long - term poverty .
The poverty of the people and the huge social and economic benefits of the project itself form a strong contrast . With the market economic system
The establishment and perfection of the relationship between the state and the immigration need to be redefined . The fair principle of the market economy demands
The state , the project owner and the migrants correctly handle the economic relations and consultations in the resettlement process on the basis of equality
Migration compensation methods and standards to ensure that migrants are restored and improved after the relocation and that real immigrants are made to become immigrants
However , China ' s current migration compensation theory still has a strong planned economy thinking .
Characteristics , the migration compensation mechanism has not been established on the market mechanism , the migration compensation standard does not reflect the true of the immigrant ' s loss
The real value , the migration compensation method is relatively single , the migration has not become the beneficiary of the project . Therefore , serious research on the market
The problem of migration compensation under economic conditions is to guarantee the fundamental rights of migrants , promote social equity and realize water conservancy and hydropower .
The rational allocation of the source is of great significance to the rational exploitation and utilization of water conservancy and hydropower resources .
Based on the characteristics and characteristics of reservoir migration , this paper analyzes the reservoir migration compensation in reservoir migration and society system .
In the non - voluntary migration , the cost - benefit theory still plays a role and is reasonable
Migration compensation plays a major role in realizing reservoir migration from voluntary to voluntary , and to realize reservoir resettlement .
By non - voluntary transition to voluntary nature , the return of migrants to migration must be greater than the cost , then flooding
No real loss is reasonably evaluated .
For the evaluation of the value of flooded land , this paper points out that the traditional income multiplier method underestimated the value of the land and the land
The value of the immigrants is mainly reflected in the social security value , and the social security value is analyzed .
In the case of compensation for the loss of migrants , it is not only based on visible loss of tangible property , nor is it an immigrant intangible news agency
The loss is also an important component of the loss of migrants . Only immigrants who have been assigned to match the real losses of migrants
The reconstruction of the economic and social system of migrants is based on a reliable basis .
Due to the huge external nature of water conservancy and hydropower project , it is necessary for the government to correct the external nature .
The government has benefited and damaged the water conservancy and hydropower project by improper correction of the exterior of water conservancy and hydropower project
This paper points out that the government takes advantage of the constraints of limited engineering funds .
I
WP=4
The condition of the maker who is both the owner and the immigration compensation standard is to reduce the total project investment by lowering the immigration compensation standard
Funding , which leads to the shortage of investment compensation investment , the allocation of resources can not reach the Pareto optimal , which leads to flooding area .
The more poverty comes , the benefit area is getting richer and more " Matthew effect " . This article argues that only compensation for the property losses of immigrants
It is not enough to ensure that migrants are involved in the allocation of engineering benefits .
In order to establish a perfect mechanism for migration compensation , it is necessary to change the present traditional administrative color which is rich in poverty alleviation .
Benefit - sharing policy with relief nature , based on the theory of the transfer of resources value in the flooded area , let the immigrants invest in investment
The identity of the person is involved in the sharing of the benefits of the project , and a reasonable profit distribution mechanism between the flooded area and the beneficiary area is established .
This paper emphasizes that the improvement of immigration compensation policy needs to learn from the experiences and lessons of developed and developing countries .
Banks are at the forefront of the world in the development of immigration policies , and their immigration - compensation policies are compensating for the migration of developing countries
The formulation of policies has had a tremendous impact . The migration compensation policy of developed countries is based on the exchange of market economy
On the base , China has certain reference significance for China which is in the primary stage of socialist market economy .
The socio - economic aspects of the resettlement of migrants arising from the problems of the State in the area of immigration compensation are worth China
China ' s immigration compensation policy has improved considerably over the past , but needs to be based on the new socio - economic ring
Adjustment and improvement of the environment .
In order to find the basis for the perfection of the theory of migration compensation , this paper studies the Three Gorges Project as a case .
At the same time , through the investigation of the resettlement of the Three Gorges Project and the formulation and implementation of the compensation policy , the author has mastered the large scale of the Three Gorges Project .
According to the first hand data of the quantity , the relevant contents of the resettlement compensation policy of the Three Gorges Project are analyzed , and the immigration compensation policy is adopted .
This paper analyzes the existing problems of the implementation process , and puts forward some suggestions for further improving the resettlement compensation policy of the Three Gorges Project .
【學位授予單位】：華中科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：F0
【引證文獻】
相關(guān)博士學位論文 前1條
1 楊帆;水庫移民安置監(jiān)測與評估方法研究[D];天津大學;2006年
，本文編號：2129667
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