本文選題：勞動 + 馬克思的勞動價值理論��； 參考：《河南大學(xué)》2004年碩士論文

【摘要】： 馬克思的勞動價值理論是狹義馬克思主義經(jīng)濟學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)，是說明商品經(jīng)濟和資本主義經(jīng)濟運動規(guī)律及其發(fā)展趨勢的理論武器。馬克思主義經(jīng)濟學(xué)是發(fā)展的科學(xué)，在新的歷史條件下，我們應(yīng)該結(jié)合新的實際，深化對于勞動和勞動價值理論的認識。馬克思的勞動價值論在社會主義社會還是否適用，社會主義的“勞動”和“價值”該如何理解等等問題，一直是經(jīng)濟學(xué)理論界關(guān)注的焦點，同時也是本文試圖回答的問題。 論文以馬克思主義的基本方法唯物辯證法為指導(dǎo)，歷史分析與邏輯分析、實證分析與規(guī)范分析相結(jié)合，，考察了馬克思的勞動價值理論的形成過程，努力正確地理解馬克思勞動價值理論的科學(xué)內(nèi)涵，評析了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者圍繞馬克思勞動價值理論所展開的論爭，闡述了在社會主義制度下馬克思勞動價值理論的適用性，以及對于我國社會主義社會中的“勞動”和“價值”的理解。 論文共分為五個部分： 第一部分考察了馬克思勞動價值論的形成過程。十九世紀四十年代，馬克思自從研究經(jīng)濟學(xué)伊始，就將“勞動”和“價值”問題的研究，建立在歷史唯物主義的基礎(chǔ)上。這正是馬克思的勞動價值論與資產(chǎn)階級經(jīng)濟學(xué)的各種價值理論的根本區(qū)別。馬克思一方面繼承了資產(chǎn)階級古典經(jīng)濟學(xué)勞動價值論中的科學(xué)成分；另一方面又批判了資產(chǎn)階級的政治和經(jīng)濟，以及資產(chǎn)階級經(jīng)濟學(xué)。其最早涉及“價值”問題的提法，是“財產(chǎn)的尺度”。他從異化勞動的角度分析，認為價值是財產(chǎn)的市民存在形式，是私有財產(chǎn)對私有財產(chǎn)的抽象關(guān)系。勞動是私有財產(chǎn)的活生生的基礎(chǔ)，但這里的私有財產(chǎn)是異化了的私有財產(chǎn)。在資本主義生產(chǎn)方式下，人們的勞動所生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品不是為了滿足人們的需要，而純粹是為了交換。十九世紀五 十年代，是馬克思一生從事經(jīng)濟學(xué)理論研究的“黃金時期”。這一時期，馬克思形 成了他的《政治經(jīng)濟學(xué)批判》的“六冊計劃”的宏偉的理論體系，并且確立了商 品和價值理論在這一理論體系中的地位，同時，他的勞動價值論也日趨成熟。從 而為這一理論在《資本論》中的最后確立和運用，奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 第二部分闡述了馬克思《資本論》中的勞動價值理論。本文從使用價值和價 值、價值規(guī)律、價值形式、價值的獨立性和市場價值五個方面闡述了勞動價值論的 內(nèi)涵。首先，馬克思《資本論》中所講的“價值”是“商品的價值”，而不是其他 社會中的(例如原始社會、社會主義社會和共產(chǎn)主義社會中的)“價值”。其次，“商 品的價值性質(zhì)”，是商品生產(chǎn)條件下“私人勞動的特殊社會性質(zhì)”所采取的特殊的 表現(xiàn)形式。再次，商品的價值是指“凝結(jié)”或“體現(xiàn)”在商品中的無差別的一般 人類勞動，而不是指“直接社會形式的勞動”或“流動狀態(tài)的勞動”。“價值”體 現(xiàn)了生產(chǎn)商品的各種具體有用勞動的社會等同性。 第三部分闡述了從馬克思逝世以后到20世紀50一60年代這段時期內(nèi)，國外 (或“在國際上”)圍繞馬克思勞動價值論的論爭。其中包括德國和意大利等國 的庸俗經(jīng)濟學(xué)家對于馬克思勞動價值論的攻擊，邊際效用學(xué)派的攻擊，第二國際 老修正主義者伯恩施坦的攻擊，以及當(dāng)代資產(chǎn)階級經(jīng)濟學(xué)家對于馬克思勞動價值 論的攻擊等。他們的這些反對和攻擊，基本上都是建立在對馬克思勞動價值理論 的誤解的基礎(chǔ)之上的，即誤認為其是“交換價值或價格的量的決定的理論”，“收 入分配”的理論和“剝削理論”等等。 第四部分評析了建國以來國內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)界在不同時期關(guān)于勞動價值論的四次討 論。第一階段:過渡時期的新民主主義階段(1953年一1956年)。第二階段:從 人民公社時期以后的計劃經(jīng)濟時期(1959年一1977年)。第三階段:從十一屆三 中全會到十四大以前的時期(1978年一1992年)。第四階段:社會主義市場經(jīng)濟 階段(1992年一2003年)。 第五部分論述了社會主義社會的“勞動”和“價值”。在我國社會主義社會， 我們應(yīng)該結(jié)合新的歷史實際來研究和發(fā)展馬克思的勞動價值論�！皟r值規(guī)定的內(nèi) 容”是“勞動時間的調(diào)節(jié)和社會勞動在各類不同生產(chǎn)之間的分配”，是“生產(chǎn)費 Il 用對效用的關(guān)系”。在社會主義社會的條件下它應(yīng)當(dāng)更多地用來解決生產(chǎn)方面的 問題。我國社會主義社會中的“勞動價值論”仍然是“一元”的;但“價值理論” 則可能是“多元”的。應(yīng)當(dāng)允許和鼓勵在堅持勞動價值論的前提下，進行社會主 義社會的價值理論的創(chuàng)新。在“生產(chǎn)勞動一般”中，包括了“腦力勞動”和“一 般管理職能”。在“使用價值”中包括了“服務(wù)”�！吧a(chǎn)勞動的特殊”，則是 “生產(chǎn)勞動”的“特殊的社會形式規(guī)定”。在我國當(dāng)前的條件下，應(yīng)當(dāng)從社會主 義的本質(zhì)和社會主義生產(chǎn)目的出發(fā)，來判斷生產(chǎn)勞動和非生產(chǎn)勞動。
[Abstract]:Marx's theory of labor value is the basis of the narrow sense of Marx's economics. It is a theoretical weapon to explain the law and trend of the movement of commodity economy and capitalist economy. Marx's economics is the science of development. Under the new historical conditions, we should combine the new reality and deepen the theory of labor and labor value. The problem of whether Marx's labor value theory is applicable in socialist society, how to understand the socialist "labor" and "value" and so on, has always been the focus of economic theory, and it is also a question to be answered in this article.
With the guidance of Marx's basic method materialist dialectics, historical analysis and logical analysis, empirical analysis and normative analysis, this paper investigates the formation process of Marx's labor value theory, tries to correctly understand the scientific connotation of Marx's labor value theory, and evaluates the labor value of Marx at home and abroad. The debate in the theory expounds the applicability of Marx's labor value theory under the socialist system, as well as the understanding of "labor" and "value" in the socialist society of our country.
The thesis is divided into five parts:
The first part examines the formation process of Marx's labor theory of value. In 1840s, since the beginning of the study of economics, Marx established the study of "labor" and "value" on the basis of historical materialism. This is the root of the various value theories of Marx's labor theory of value and bourgeois economics. Marx, on the one hand, inherited the scientific elements of the labor value theory of bourgeois classical economics; on the other hand, he criticized the bourgeois politics and economy, as well as the bourgeois economics. The earliest reference to the question of "value" was the "yardstick of property". It is the form of the existence of the property, the abstract relationship between private property and private property. Labor is the living basis of private property, but the private property is a alienated private property. Under the capitalist mode of production, the products produced by people's labor are not to meet the needs of people, but purely for exchange. Ten Ninth Century five
In the ten century, Marx was the "golden period" in which he devoted his life to the study of economic theory. During this period, Marx shaped.
He became the grand theoretical system of his "six volume plan" of the critique of political economy.
The position of product and value theory in this theoretical system, meanwhile, his labor theory of value is becoming more and more mature.
It laid the foundation for the final establishment and application of this theory in the capital.
The second part expounds the theory of labor value in Marx's capital.
The five aspects of value, value law, value form, value independence and market value have expounded the theory of labor value.
First, the value of Marx's "capital" is "commodity value" rather than others.
In the society (such as primitive society, socialist society and Communist society), "value". Secondly, "business".
"The value nature of goods" is a special feature of "special social nature of private labor" under the conditions of commodity production.
Again, the value of commodities refers to the difference between "condensation" or "embodiment" in commodities.
Human labor, rather than "direct social form of labor" or "mobile state labor".
Now there are social equivalency in producing various kinds of concrete useful labor.
The third part describes the period from Marx's death to the 50 and 60s of twentieth Century.
(or "international") controversy over Marx's labor theory of value, including Germany and Italy.
The vulgar economist's attack on Marx's labor theory of value, the attack of the marginal utility school, the second international.
The attack of old revisionist Bernstein and the contemporary bourgeois economists' value for Marx's labor
These attacks and attacks are basically based on Marx's theory of labor value.
On the basis of misunderstanding, it is mistaken for the theory of "the value of exchange value or the determination of price".
The theory of "distribution" and "the theory of exploitation" and so on.
The fourth part reviews the four discussions on the labor theory of value in different periods since the founding of the people's Republic of China.
On the first stage: the new democratic stage during the transitional period (1953, 1956). The second stage: from
The planned economy period after the people's commune (1959 1977). The third stage: from eleven to three.
The period before the plenary session to the 14th National Congress (1978 1992). The fourth stage: the socialist market economy.
Stage (1992, 2003).
The fifth part discusses the "labor" and "value" in socialist society.
We should study and develop Marx's labor theory of value in light of the new historical reality.
Rong "is" the adjustment of labor time and the distribution of social labor among different types of production ".
Il
Under the condition of socialist society, it should be more used to solve production problems.
The "labor theory of value" in our socialist society is still "one yuan", but "value theory".
It should be "pluralistic". We should allow and encourage social leaders to adhere to the premise of the labor theory of value.
The innovation of the value theory of the righteous society includes "mental labor" and "one" in the "general production labor".
The "management function" includes "service" in the "use value".
Under the current conditions of our country, the "special social form regulation" of "productive labor" should be from the social master.
The production of labor and non productive labor is judged by the nature of righteousness and the purpose of socialist production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：F014.2

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉召峰;;拜物教批判理論與馬克思的勞動價值論——從我國學(xué)者關(guān)于馬克思對勞動價值論態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)折的分歧說開去[J];甘肅理論學(xué)刊;2011年04期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 李接輝;馬克思勞動價值論研究[D];南昌大學(xué);2010年

2 郭玲;對馬克思勞動價值論有關(guān)爭議問題的認識與思考[D];山西師范大學(xué);2012年

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