本文關(guān)鍵詞： 尋租 租金來(lái)源 政府善意創(chuàng)租 政府租金導(dǎo)向政策 FDI 激勵(lì)政策 出口退稅政策　出處：《東華大學(xué)》2004年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 尋租是現(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)國(guó)家和向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)軌國(guó)家普遍存在的一種經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象。它不僅關(guān)系到一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展能否順利進(jìn)行，而且關(guān)系到這個(gè)國(guó)家的政治能否穩(wěn)定，是事關(guān)一國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)改革、發(fā)展和穩(wěn)定大局的大問(wèn)題。因此，尋租成為引起世界各國(guó)政治界、經(jīng)濟(jì)界和法律界人士進(jìn)行理論研究和對(duì)策思考的一個(gè)跨世紀(jì)的挑戰(zhàn)性熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。 古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)均衡是壟斷不斷建立而又不斷被打破的動(dòng)態(tài)均衡，雖然壟斷是不可避免的，但他們擁護(hù)并堅(jiān)持自由放任政策。他們認(rèn)為，政府是人們建立并保護(hù)壟斷的工具，沒(méi)有政府的干預(yù)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)過(guò)程將會(huì)正常進(jìn)行，如果政府不加入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)過(guò)程，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)最終將發(fā)揮作用，政府干預(yù)一般會(huì)使事情變?cè)恪?尋租理論研究在這個(gè)思想的指導(dǎo)下，逐漸地發(fā)展成熟，不僅在公共選擇和國(guó)際貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域得到了發(fā)展，而且成為新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和新經(jīng)濟(jì)史學(xué)家的研究對(duì)象。尋租理論研究，使近年來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)界對(duì)“政府失靈”現(xiàn)象的認(rèn)識(shí)更為深刻，為彌補(bǔ)和矯正“市場(chǎng)失靈”的政策設(shè)計(jì)提供了更周全的思考，為建立更為有效的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序指出了方向，同時(shí)，該理論對(duì)于分析和治理現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)中出現(xiàn)的“腐敗”現(xiàn)象，也提供了強(qiáng)有力的理論支持。 但是，尋租活動(dòng)并不是無(wú)一例外地導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)低效率，因而，主流尋租理論觀點(diǎn)受到了一些學(xué)者的批判和挑戰(zhàn)。筆者認(rèn)為主流尋租理論研究的局限性主要體現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面：首先，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的充分有效性假設(shè)，忽視發(fā)展中國(guó)家的具體國(guó)情；其次，缺乏動(dòng)態(tài)考察，僅僅局限于靜態(tài)分析。市場(chǎng)雖然是資源配置的最優(yōu)手段，但是，其充分運(yùn)行的前提條件是完善的市場(chǎng)體制，否則，市場(chǎng)就無(wú)法發(fā)揮其最優(yōu)配置的能力，對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)落后國(guó)家和經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型國(guó)家的尋租分析，不健全的市場(chǎng)體制這個(gè)國(guó)情沒(méi)有被納入考慮的前提；同時(shí)，主流尋租理論研究只注重尋租成本投入，忽視尋租活動(dòng)產(chǎn)出，缺乏成本-收益的動(dòng)態(tài)考察，也是造成尋租研究局限性的原因。 本文針對(duì)主流尋租理論研究的以上不足，對(duì)政府主動(dòng)創(chuàng)租、被動(dòng) 創(chuàng)租和無(wú)意創(chuàng)租的“租金來(lái)源”做進(jìn)一步地拓展和補(bǔ)充，提出政府“善 意創(chuàng)租”和“政府租金導(dǎo)向政策”概念，，指出在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制不完全 條件下，政府利用如產(chǎn)業(yè)政策、地區(qū)發(fā)展政策、吸引外資政策以及其’ 他有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)惠(如稅收減免、補(bǔ)貼、低息或無(wú)息貸款、授予特權(quán)) 政策，人為地為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造壟斷租金，利用租金這個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)杠桿去人為引 導(dǎo)資源配置，以實(shí)現(xiàn)特定時(shí)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展目標(biāo);由于這種尋租活動(dòng)大 多是在政府的“績(jī)效考核”和“績(jī)效監(jiān)督”下進(jìn)行，從而使尋租活動(dòng) 能夠發(fā)揮強(qiáng)有力的積極效應(yīng)，推動(dòng)一國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展。東亞國(guó)家， 特別是韓國(guó)和日本的發(fā)展為我們提供了很好的典型事例。 政府“善意創(chuàng)租”和“政府租金導(dǎo)向政策”在我國(guó)也同樣存在。 自從經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革以來(lái)，尤其是改革開(kāi)放之初，由于落后的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ) 及不完善的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，我國(guó)在經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易發(fā)展過(guò)程中，積極運(yùn)用“租金， 導(dǎo)向政策”(吸引外資激勵(lì)政策和出口退稅政策)，扶持特定產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展 和擴(kuò)大商品出口，為我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展做出了積極的貢獻(xiàn)。本文在 實(shí)證分析的過(guò)程中，探討我國(guó)“政府租金導(dǎo)向政策”的產(chǎn)生背景及運(yùn) 用情況，同時(shí)結(jié)合該政策運(yùn)行中存在的問(wèn)題和不足，對(duì)在WTO條件下， 該“租金導(dǎo)向政策”的發(fā)展提出筆者新的見(jiàn)解和新的思路。
[Abstract]:Rent seeking is the modern market economy countries and countries in transition to market economy exists a kind of economic phenomenon. It is not only related to the economic development of a country can proceed smoothly, but also related to the country's political stability, is related to a country's economic and social reform, problems in the development and stability. Therefore, the rent-seeking be caused by political circles all over the world, the economic circles and the legal circles for theoretical research and Countermeasures of a cross century challenging hot issue.
The classical economists believe that the competitive equilibrium is dynamic and constantly establish monopoly was broken, although the monopoly is inevitable, but they support and adhere to the policy of laissez-faire. They think the government is to establish and protect the monopoly of the people, there is no government intervention, the competition will be normal, if the government does not join the competition process, competition will play the role of government intervention will make things worse.
In the view of rent-seeking theory research, gradually mature, not only by the public choice and development in the field of international trade, but also become the object of study of new institutional economics and new economic historians. The rent-seeking theory research, in recent years, the understanding of "government failure" phenomenon in economic circles is more profound thinking offers more comprehensive and correct "policy designed to compensate for market failure, to establish a more effective market economic order has pointed out the direction, at the same time, the theory for the analysis and control of social reality in the emergence of the" corruption "phenomenon, but also provide a strong theoretical support.
However, the rent-seeking activities without causing low efficiency of economic growth, therefore, the mainstream view of rent-seeking theory has attracted some scholars to criticize and challenge. The author thinks that the limitations of the mainstream theory of rent-seeking is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, the market economy system fully effective hypothesis, ignoring the specific national conditions of developing countries; secondly, the lack of dynamic study, confined to static analysis. Although the market is the best means of allocation of resources, but the premise is fully operational and perfect market system, otherwise, the market will not be able to play its optimal allocation, the economic backwardness of rent-seeking countries and countries with economies in transition, the imperfect market system in this situation is not considered the premise; at the same time, the mainstream of rent-seeking theory studies only focus on rent-seeking cost, ignoring the rent-seeking activities of production, the lack of cost The dynamic study of income, is caused by the limitations of the research. The reason of rent-seeking
The above problems for the mainstream of rent-seeking theory research, on the initiative of the government rent creating, passive
Rent creating and not rent creating "rent source" to further expand and complement, put forward "good government
Ichoice rent "and" government rent oriented policy "concept, points out that it is not completely in the market economy
Under the condition of using government such as industrial policy, regional development policy, the policy of attracting foreign capital and its "
He is related to economic incentives (such as tax relief, subsidies, low interest or interest free loans, grant privileges)
Policy, artificially create monopoly rents for the enterprise, using the economic lever to lead for rent
Guide the allocation of resources, to achieve the specific period of economic development goals; because of the large rent-seeking activities
How is the government's "performance" and "performance supervision", so as to make the rent-seeking
Can play a strong positive effect, promote the economic development of a country in East Asia trade,
Especially the development of South Korea and Japan provides a typical example of very good for us.
The government of "goodwill rent creation" and "government rent oriented policy" also exists in our country.
Since the economic reform, especially the reform and opening up, the economic basis
And the imperfect economic system, China's trade in the economic development process, to actively use the "rent,
("policy to attract foreign investment incentive policy and the export tax rebate policy to support the development of certain industries).
And expand exports of goods, to make a positive contribution to the development of China's economy and trade in this article.
The process of empirical analysis, the background of China "government rent oriented policy" and
With the situation, combined with the existing problems in the operation of the policy and lack of conditions in the WTO,
The author puts forward new ideas and new ideas for the development of the "rent oriented policy".

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F062.6

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 劉海青;相機(jī)性租金的理論與實(shí)證研究[D];暨南大學(xué);2006年

2 黃藝;公共選擇理論視角下我國(guó)公共政策制定系統(tǒng)研究[D];湖南大學(xué);2008年

本文編號(hào)：1528136