企業(yè)女職工延遲退休年齡制度的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-04-03 13:35
【摘要】：新中國退休制度發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有半個(gè)多世紀(jì),隨著社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,當(dāng)前的退休制度已經(jīng)難以適應(yīng)社會(huì)的發(fā)展需要,改革已經(jīng)迫在眉睫。而需要改革的退休制度中企業(yè)女職工退休年齡尤為重要。經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,促進(jìn)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)的巨大進(jìn)步。醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生水平的提高以及人民生活環(huán)境的改善使得老年人的健康水平顯著提高,人口預(yù)期壽命也隨之增長(zhǎng)。伴隨著人口預(yù)期壽命的延長(zhǎng)、人口結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,我國的人口老齡化越來越嚴(yán)峻。50年代制定的法定退休制度是以當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)背景為基礎(chǔ),社會(huì)經(jīng)過全面的發(fā)展后,制度與現(xiàn)今發(fā)展?fàn)顩r不相符,尤其是企業(yè)女職工退休年齡方面的問題日益凸顯。而退休年齡涉及社會(huì)領(lǐng)域的方方面面,對(duì)退休年齡的調(diào)整則會(huì)影響社會(huì)、企業(yè)以及個(gè)人需求與決策,范圍非常廣泛,是一項(xiàng)非常復(fù)雜的政策。盡管如此,延遲企業(yè)職工退休年齡仍然是改革的趨勢(shì)。由于延遲退休年齡對(duì)各行各業(yè)甚至是性別的影響都不相同,對(duì)延遲退休年齡反映社會(huì)各界也不相同,而且反對(duì)者居多。在這樣的背景下,制定延長(zhǎng)退休年齡政策必須謹(jǐn)慎考慮,需要做好充足的準(zhǔn)備。關(guān)于退休年齡的研究已經(jīng)存在很多,為退休年齡的改革提供一些理論基礎(chǔ)。本文主要研究退休年齡中一個(gè)方面即企業(yè)女職工退休年齡,企業(yè)女職工退休年齡的調(diào)整是進(jìn)行制度改革的基石。我國企業(yè)女職工退休年齡相比較于全球的其他國家,退休年齡比較低。對(duì)男女不同齡退休的討論,從1989年起就成為兩會(huì)代表爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)。延遲退休年齡一直是專家學(xué)者以及社會(huì)各界討論的話題,他們認(rèn)為女職工當(dāng)前的退休年齡屬于低齡狀態(tài),與男職工退休年齡差異化對(duì)女性不公平。低齡、差異性退休不僅使女性人力資源沒有得到有效的利用,而且還侵害了女性職工的合法權(quán)益,破壞了男女平等。如果企業(yè)女職工的退休年齡延長(zhǎng),一方面可以將女性人力資源的效用最大化,提高養(yǎng)老金收入,進(jìn)而縮小男女職工老年生活的收入差距,改善她們退休后的生活,并實(shí)現(xiàn)了男女平等就業(yè)權(quán)利。另一方面也彌補(bǔ)了當(dāng)前養(yǎng)老金的缺口,緩解養(yǎng)老金支付困難。 對(duì)于延遲退休年齡,應(yīng)該從企業(yè)女職工方面入手,循序漸進(jìn)地實(shí)施延遲退休年齡的政策。本文將通過以下幾個(gè)部分來分析延遲企業(yè)女職工退休年齡。第一部分,論述社會(huì)公平理論、人力資本理論、人口紅利理論相關(guān)概念,將它們作為延遲企業(yè)女職工退休年齡的理論基礎(chǔ)；第二部分,對(duì)企業(yè)女職工退休制度的歷史沿革和當(dāng)前發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行梳理歸納,并分析存在問題以及產(chǎn)生的原因,認(rèn)識(shí)到當(dāng)前的退休年齡已經(jīng)難以適應(yīng)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài),改革時(shí)機(jī)基本成熟。第三部分,通過分析國外延遲退休年齡的經(jīng)驗(yàn),總結(jié)出對(duì)我國實(shí)施延遲退休年齡的啟示，，從而提出適合我國國情的、有針對(duì)性的對(duì)策。第四部分,調(diào)整企業(yè)女職工退休年齡涉及到社會(huì)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域,對(duì)于實(shí)施的必要性與可行性應(yīng)該進(jìn)行深入分析,為我國退休年齡的改革提供支撐。第五部分,根據(jù)上述分析,在堅(jiān)持公平、循序漸進(jìn)、兼顧就業(yè)的原則下,提出延遲企業(yè)女職工退休年齡的方案,以及保證方案能夠有效實(shí)施的配套措施。 本文可能的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)是將研究的對(duì)象定位于我國企業(yè)女職工退休年齡,退休年齡的制定與社會(huì)環(huán)境是緊密聯(lián)系的,對(duì)于企業(yè)女職工退休年齡的改革應(yīng)該建立在現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行綜合性分析,從而提出科學(xué)合理的改革方案。本文對(duì)女性職工的退休年齡單獨(dú)進(jìn)行分析,使研究對(duì)象能夠更加的具體,細(xì)致化,制定方案更加明確。除此之外,本文還通過PEST、SWOT兩種分析方法來研究延長(zhǎng)企業(yè)女職工退休年齡可行性進(jìn)行。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the society and economy, the current retirement system has been difficult to meet the development needs of the society, and the reform has become more and more urgent. The retirement age of female workers in the retirement system that needs to be reformed is particularly important. The development of the economy has made great progress in the cause of medical and health. The improvement of the level of health and the improvement of the living environment of the people has led to a marked improvement in the health of the elderly, and the life expectancy of the population has also increased. With the extension of the life expectancy of the population and the change of the population structure, the aging population of our country is becoming more and more serious. The statutory retirement system developed in the 1950s was based on the social background at that time. After the development of the society, the system was not in conformity with the present development situation. In particular, the problem of the retirement age of female workers in the enterprise is becoming more and more prominent. The retirement age is related to all aspects of the social field. The adjustment of the retirement age will affect the social, business and individual needs and decision-making. It is a very complex policy. Nevertheless, delaying the retirement age of the staff of the enterprise is still the trend of the reform. The delayed retirement age is not the same for all walks of life and even gender, and it is not the same for the late retirement age to reflect the different sectors of the community, and the majority of the opponents. In such a context, the development of an extended retirement age policy must be carefully considered and adequate preparation is required. There are many studies on the retirement age, which provides some theoretical basis for the reform of the retirement age. This article mainly studies the retirement age of the enterprise female worker in one aspect of the retirement age, and the adjustment of the retirement age of the enterprise female worker is the cornerstone of the system reform. The retirement age of female workers in our country is compared with other countries in the world, and the retirement age is low. The discussion of the non-peer retirement of men and women became the focus of the debate on the two representatives since 1989. The delayed retirement age has always been a subject of discussion by experts and scholars as well as all sectors of society, and they believe that the current retirement age of female workers is of a low-age state, and the difference between the retirement age of male and female workers is not fair to women. The low-age and differential retirement not only makes the female human resource not effectively utilized, but also infringes on the legal rights and interests of female employees, and undermines the equality between men and women. If the retirement age of the enterprise female worker is extended, on the one hand, the utility of the female human resource can be maximized, the income of the old-age pension is improved, the income gap of the old-age life of the male and female workers is reduced, the life after the retirement is improved, and the employment right of the equal and the equal is realized. On the other hand, the gap of the current old-age pension is also made up, and the payment difficulty of the old-age pension is In order to delay the retirement age, it is necessary to start with the enterprise female worker, and gradually implement the policy of delaying the retirement age. This article will analyze the retirement age of the delayed enterprise female worker through the following parts: The first part, the theory of social equity, the theory of human capital, the concept of the theory of population dividend, and the related concepts of the theory of human capital and the theory of population dividend, are the theoretical basis for delaying the retirement age of female workers in enterprises, and the second part is to sort out the history of the retirement system of female workers and the present situation of the current development. By analyzing the existing problems and the reasons, it is recognized that the current retirement age has been difficult to adapt to the state of the social and economic development, and the reform time is basically The third part, through the analysis of the experience of the foreign delayed retirement age, summarizes the enlightenment to the implementation of the delayed retirement age in our country, so as to put forward the appropriate and pointed way to the situation of our country. The fourth part, the adjustment of the retirement age of the enterprise female worker involves the various fields of the society, and the necessity and feasibility of the implementation should be in-depth analysis, which provides the support for the reform of the retirement age of our country The fifth part, on the basis of the above analysis, put forward a proposal to delay the retirement age of female workers in enterprises, and the supporting measures to ensure the effective implementation of the scheme, based on the above analysis. The possible innovation point of this paper is to set the object of the study to the retirement age of female workers in our country. The development of the retirement age is closely related to the social environment. The reform of the retirement age of female workers in the enterprise should be established in the state of the modern economic and social development On the basis of comprehensive analysis, a scientific and reasonable modification is put forward In this paper, the retirement age of female workers is analyzed separately, so that the research object can be more specific and more detailed, and the development of the plan is more In addition, this paper also studies the feasibility of extending the retirement age of female workers by PEST and SWOT.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F249.2
本文編號(hào)：2453256
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the society and economy, the current retirement system has been difficult to meet the development needs of the society, and the reform has become more and more urgent. The retirement age of female workers in the retirement system that needs to be reformed is particularly important. The development of the economy has made great progress in the cause of medical and health. The improvement of the level of health and the improvement of the living environment of the people has led to a marked improvement in the health of the elderly, and the life expectancy of the population has also increased. With the extension of the life expectancy of the population and the change of the population structure, the aging population of our country is becoming more and more serious. The statutory retirement system developed in the 1950s was based on the social background at that time. After the development of the society, the system was not in conformity with the present development situation. In particular, the problem of the retirement age of female workers in the enterprise is becoming more and more prominent. The retirement age is related to all aspects of the social field. The adjustment of the retirement age will affect the social, business and individual needs and decision-making. It is a very complex policy. Nevertheless, delaying the retirement age of the staff of the enterprise is still the trend of the reform. The delayed retirement age is not the same for all walks of life and even gender, and it is not the same for the late retirement age to reflect the different sectors of the community, and the majority of the opponents. In such a context, the development of an extended retirement age policy must be carefully considered and adequate preparation is required. There are many studies on the retirement age, which provides some theoretical basis for the reform of the retirement age. This article mainly studies the retirement age of the enterprise female worker in one aspect of the retirement age, and the adjustment of the retirement age of the enterprise female worker is the cornerstone of the system reform. The retirement age of female workers in our country is compared with other countries in the world, and the retirement age is low. The discussion of the non-peer retirement of men and women became the focus of the debate on the two representatives since 1989. The delayed retirement age has always been a subject of discussion by experts and scholars as well as all sectors of society, and they believe that the current retirement age of female workers is of a low-age state, and the difference between the retirement age of male and female workers is not fair to women. The low-age and differential retirement not only makes the female human resource not effectively utilized, but also infringes on the legal rights and interests of female employees, and undermines the equality between men and women. If the retirement age of the enterprise female worker is extended, on the one hand, the utility of the female human resource can be maximized, the income of the old-age pension is improved, the income gap of the old-age life of the male and female workers is reduced, the life after the retirement is improved, and the employment right of the equal and the equal is realized. On the other hand, the gap of the current old-age pension is also made up, and the payment difficulty of the old-age pension is In order to delay the retirement age, it is necessary to start with the enterprise female worker, and gradually implement the policy of delaying the retirement age. This article will analyze the retirement age of the delayed enterprise female worker through the following parts: The first part, the theory of social equity, the theory of human capital, the concept of the theory of population dividend, and the related concepts of the theory of human capital and the theory of population dividend, are the theoretical basis for delaying the retirement age of female workers in enterprises, and the second part is to sort out the history of the retirement system of female workers and the present situation of the current development. By analyzing the existing problems and the reasons, it is recognized that the current retirement age has been difficult to adapt to the state of the social and economic development, and the reform time is basically The third part, through the analysis of the experience of the foreign delayed retirement age, summarizes the enlightenment to the implementation of the delayed retirement age in our country, so as to put forward the appropriate and pointed way to the situation of our country. The fourth part, the adjustment of the retirement age of the enterprise female worker involves the various fields of the society, and the necessity and feasibility of the implementation should be in-depth analysis, which provides the support for the reform of the retirement age of our country The fifth part, on the basis of the above analysis, put forward a proposal to delay the retirement age of female workers in enterprises, and the supporting measures to ensure the effective implementation of the scheme, based on the above analysis. The possible innovation point of this paper is to set the object of the study to the retirement age of female workers in our country. The development of the retirement age is closely related to the social environment. The reform of the retirement age of female workers in the enterprise should be established in the state of the modern economic and social development On the basis of comprehensive analysis, a scientific and reasonable modification is put forward In this paper, the retirement age of female workers is analyzed separately, so that the research object can be more specific and more detailed, and the development of the plan is more In addition, this paper also studies the feasibility of extending the retirement age of female workers by PEST and SWOT.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F249.2
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