【摘要】：我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)持續(xù)快速發(fā)展，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)完善，為我們十二五規(guī)劃的順利實(shí)現(xiàn)，打下堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，但是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中出現(xiàn)的新問題，已經(jīng)開始削弱我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的動(dòng)力，危及到了改革開放的進(jìn)程。一方面是我國已經(jīng)正式成為老年型人口社會(huì)，2013年我國老年人口已經(jīng)突破了2億,人口老齡化趨勢(shì)無法改變，且在未來的30年里該問題會(huì)更加明顯、嚴(yán)重。伴隨人口老齡化的加劇，社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)金的支付風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在不斷加大，延遲退休議題已經(jīng)擺在我們面前，推行迫在眉睫。另一方面是勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移和新增勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)問題，使得就業(yè)形勢(shì)日益嚴(yán)峻。由于市場上的就業(yè)人員素質(zhì)與用人單位需求不匹配，出現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)。推行延遲退休和就業(yè)難兩者共存將是未來一個(gè)時(shí)期的常態(tài)性問題，二者的沖突主要體現(xiàn)在就業(yè)崗位的減少及產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化速度降低。針對(duì)這些問題，本文從以下兩個(gè)方面考慮引起沖突的根源：首先，我國養(yǎng)老制度的固有缺陷，造成二者沖突的直接根源。其次，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的不匹配，導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)的出現(xiàn)。只有克服這兩點(diǎn)問題，才能順利實(shí)現(xiàn)解決就業(yè)難和推行延遲退休。這兩者的問題是關(guān)乎我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展全局的戰(zhàn)略性問題,需要從多方面創(chuàng)造解決問題的條件。一是完善社會(huì)保障體系，確保勞動(dòng)群眾對(duì)自己的生活無后顧之憂。二是產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)合理優(yōu)化，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)要符合我國現(xiàn)有國情，既要提升經(jīng)濟(jì)質(zhì)量，又要保證充分就業(yè)。三是努力建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型社會(huì)，創(chuàng)新型社會(huì)的建立使我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平上升到更高的層次，對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)和實(shí)現(xiàn)延遲退休提供堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，以及更廣的政策空間。 綜上所述，盡管在世界范圍內(nèi)關(guān)于延遲退休對(duì)就業(yè)的影響的爭論還在繼續(xù)，，但在我國特殊的國情背景下，越來越多的人意識(shí)到，現(xiàn)階段延遲退休會(huì)對(duì)我國的就業(yè)市場帶來負(fù)面影響，文章進(jìn)一步提出了就業(yè)難與延遲退休兩者協(xié)調(diào)的途徑。在不增加就業(yè)壓力和緩解養(yǎng)老金壓力的前提下，通過彈性退休的方式，逐步延長法定的退休年齡和退休制度的改革；完善養(yǎng)老保障體系緩解延遲退休帶來的不利影響；豐富現(xiàn)有的就業(yè)政策，分化社會(huì)就業(yè)的壓力，保證經(jīng)濟(jì)的順暢發(fā)展；建立創(chuàng)新型社會(huì)以便從源頭上治理延遲退休與就業(yè)難二者的沖突,實(shí)現(xiàn)我國經(jīng)濟(jì)健康有序發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The sustained and rapid economic and social development of our country, the upgrading and perfection of the industrial structure have laid a solid foundation for the smooth realization of our 12th Five-Year Plan, but the new problems that have emerged in the course of economic development have begun to weaken the motive force of our country's economic development. It endangers the process of reform and opening up. On the one hand, China has become an aging population society. In 2013, China's elderly population has exceeded 200 million, the trend of population aging can not be changed, and in the next 30 years, the problem will be more obvious and serious. With the aggravation of the aging population, the risk of payment of social pension insurance is increasing, and the issue of delayed retirement has been placed in front of us, so it is urgent to implement it. On the other hand, the problem of labor force transfer and new labor force employment makes the employment situation more and more serious. As the quality of employment in the market and employer demand does not match, there is structural unemployment. The coexistence of delayed retirement and employment difficulty will be a normal problem in the future. The conflict between them is mainly reflected in the reduction of employment and the decrease in the speed of industrial structure optimization. In view of these problems, this paper considers the causes of the conflict from the following two aspects: first, the inherent defects of the pension system in our country cause the direct root of the conflict between the two. Secondly, the mismatch between industrial structure and employment structure leads to the appearance of structural unemployment. Only by overcoming these two problems can we solve the difficulty of employment and delay retirement. These two problems are strategic problems related to the overall economic development of our country, and we need to create conditions for solving them from many aspects. First, improve the social security system to ensure that the working people have no worries about their own lives. Second, the industrial structure should be optimized reasonably, and the industrial structure should be in line with the current situation of our country, which should not only improve the quality of economy, but also ensure full employment. Third, we should strive to build an innovative society, and the establishment of an innovative society will raise our economic development to a higher level, and provide a solid foundation for structural unemployment and the realization of delayed retirement, as well as a broader policy space. To sum up, despite the worldwide debate on the impact of late retirement on employment, more and more people are aware of the fact that, in the context of China's special national conditions, At present, delayed retirement will have a negative impact on the employment market in China. This paper further puts forward a way to coordinate the employment difficulties and the delayed retirement. On the premise of not increasing employment pressure and relieving pension pressure, we should extend the legal retirement age and the reform of retirement system step by means of flexible retirement, and perfect the old-age security system to alleviate the adverse effects of late retirement. To enrich the existing employment policies, to divide the pressure of social employment, to ensure the smooth development of the economy, to establish an innovative society in order to deal with the conflicts between late retirement and difficult employment at the source, and to realize the healthy and orderly development of our economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F249.2

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