本文選題：養(yǎng)老金“雙軌制” + “漸進(jìn)式”延遲退休年齡��； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、社會(huì)和文化等各方面的不斷發(fā)展變化，我國人口預(yù)期壽命的大幅度延長，使得老齡化社會(huì)迅速到來，社會(huì)養(yǎng)老負(fù)擔(dān)不斷加重。而隨著教育水平、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生保健水平的提高，退休后的老年人口已經(jīng)成為我國人力資本的巨大浪費(fèi)，適當(dāng)?shù)难娱L退休年齡已經(jīng)成為我國退休制度改革的必然選擇。 但是延遲退休年齡的改革，會(huì)涉及到社會(huì)的方方面面。如從宏觀上看，它不僅是國家頒布的一項(xiàng)社會(huì)政策，更是我國養(yǎng)老保障制度乃至社會(huì)保障體系改革完善的一個(gè)方面；從微觀上看，制度本身會(huì)受到人口年齡結(jié)構(gòu)的變化、人口預(yù)期壽命的延長、人均受教育年限的延長等因素的影響；從就業(yè)方面來看，延遲退休制度會(huì)涉及勞動(dòng)力市場的勞動(dòng)年齡人口、勞動(dòng)力供給與勞動(dòng)力需求、如何促進(jìn)企業(yè)繼續(xù)雇傭老年人、如何保障年輕人的就業(yè)權(quán)力等方面；從社會(huì)公平方面來看，制度還會(huì)涉及到行政、事業(yè)、企業(yè)單位員工的養(yǎng)老保障權(quán)力與享受待遇的公平性，保障男女就業(yè)公平等問題。 因此，本文在綜合分析以上影響因素的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)我國具體的國情，提出我國延遲退休年齡必要性，如延遲退休年齡是我國人口老齡化下的必然選擇，能夠緩解養(yǎng)老金供不應(yīng)求的壓力，促進(jìn)人力資本的有效利用等。第二部分主要是分析了我國現(xiàn)行退休制度存在的問題，如法定退休年齡過低、男女退休年齡差距大等內(nèi)容。接下來列舉了國外在退休年齡改革方面比較有代表性的幾個(gè)實(shí)例，如美國、德國等國家的延遲退休年齡制度改革，，并提出對(duì)我國的經(jīng)驗(yàn)啟示。第五部分分析了我國實(shí)行延遲退休年齡需要解決的幾個(gè)難點(diǎn)或者問題，如如何解決延遲退休對(duì)年輕人就業(yè)的“擠出效應(yīng)”；如何緩解不同養(yǎng)老制度下的養(yǎng)老金待遇差距問題。文章最后根據(jù)我國具體的實(shí)際情況對(duì)我國延遲年齡退休的改革提出幾點(diǎn)具體的建議，如采取循序漸進(jìn)式延遲退休年齡的辦法，在法定退休年齡上設(shè)置一個(gè)“彈性”區(qū)間，采取“彈性”延長繳費(fèi)年限的方式，對(duì)不同行業(yè)的勞動(dòng)者要區(qū)別對(duì)待，縮小社會(huì)各群體的退休待遇差距等具體政策。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, politics, society and culture in our country, the life expectancy of population in our country has been lengthened by a large margin, which makes the aging society come quickly and the burden of social endowment becomes more and more serious.With the improvement of education level and health care level, the elderly population after retirement has become a huge waste of human capital in our country, and the proper extension of retirement age has become the inevitable choice of the reform of retirement system in our country.But the reform of delaying the retirement age will involve all aspects of society.For example, from a macro point of view, it is not only a social policy promulgated by the state, but also an aspect of the reform and perfection of China's old-age security system and even the social security system. From a microscopic point of view, the system itself will be subject to changes in the age structure of the population.From the employment point of view, the delayed retirement system will involve the working-age population in the labor market, the supply of labor and the demand for labor.How to promote enterprises to continue to employ the elderly, how to protect the employment rights of young people, and so on; from the perspective of social equity, the system will also involve administrative, career, enterprise unit employees' pension security rights and the fairness of the enjoyment of treatment.Protection of equality between men and women in employment and other issues.Therefore, on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the above influencing factors and according to the specific conditions of our country, this paper puts forward the necessity of delaying retirement age in our country, such as the inevitable choice of late retirement age under the aging population in our country.It can relieve the pressure of pension shortage and promote the effective use of human capital.The second part mainly analyzes the existing problems of China's current retirement system, such as the legal retirement age is too low, the gap between male and female retirement age, and so on.Then it enumerates several representative examples in the reform of retirement age in foreign countries, such as the reform of the delayed retirement age system in the United States, Germany and other countries, and puts forward some enlightenment to our country's experience.The fifth part analyzes some difficulties or problems that need to be solved in implementing the delayed retirement age in China, such as how to solve the "crowding out effect" of delayed retirement on young people's employment, and how to alleviate the gap of pension benefits under different pension systems.Finally, according to the actual situation of our country, this paper puts forward some concrete suggestions on the reform of deferred retirement in our country, such as adopting the method of step by step to delay retirement age, setting up a "elastic" interval on the legal retirement age.Adopting the method of "flexibility" to extend the years of payment, the workers in different industries should be treated differently and the difference of retirement treatment among different social groups should be reduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F249.21

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