本文關(guān)鍵詞： 稀土產(chǎn)品 質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 相異成本 擴(kuò)展古諾模型　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：稀土是17種特殊金屬元素的總稱，其產(chǎn)品主要有永磁材料、發(fā)光材料、拋光材料等產(chǎn)品，在顯像管、醫(yī)學(xué)、核物理、軍事等領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用，因此有“工業(yè)維生素”之稱。一直以來稀土寡頭壟斷市場中存在著資源開發(fā)強(qiáng)度過大、源頭產(chǎn)品過剩、三廢排放超標(biāo)、稀土產(chǎn)品走私以及過度競爭等諸多問題，相關(guān)部門提出的相對應(yīng)的政策在一定程度上有所緩解，但稀土企業(yè)盈利低，，產(chǎn)品過剩問 題仍然沒有得到解決。古諾模型是研究各廠商怎樣選擇產(chǎn)量策略來使得自己利益最大化的博弈論模型，現(xiàn)在的研究結(jié)果大都是針對每個(gè)寡頭只生產(chǎn)一種產(chǎn)品且是具有一定替代性的差異產(chǎn)品。而稀土產(chǎn)品是具有行業(yè)統(tǒng)一產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，即產(chǎn)品具有不同的質(zhì)量等級之分。根據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)的需求，本文旨在建立具有不同質(zhì)量等級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)產(chǎn)品的古諾模 型并給出均衡數(shù)值解。本文在生產(chǎn)商執(zhí)行統(tǒng)一質(zhì)量等級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的情景下建立了多寡頭古諾競爭模型，各質(zhì)量等級產(chǎn)品遵循線性價(jià)格需求函數(shù)且其參數(shù)與產(chǎn)量質(zhì)量等級相關(guān)聯(lián)，各生產(chǎn)商可生產(chǎn)任意質(zhì)量等級產(chǎn)品且生產(chǎn)成本不同。選擇寡頭數(shù)目、自身成本與對手成本、優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)品成本與劣勢產(chǎn)品成本這三組變量共設(shè)計(jì)了2592個(gè)算例，分析了對模型均衡解的影響。每個(gè)生產(chǎn)商運(yùn)用Lingo軟件決策，Visual C++調(diào)用Lingo實(shí)現(xiàn) 迭代收斂求解，計(jì)算結(jié)果存入SQL Server數(shù)據(jù)庫中。通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，有質(zhì)量等級產(chǎn)品的古諾模型結(jié)果與沒有質(zhì)量等級產(chǎn)品的古諾模型不同。前者比后者在寡頭數(shù)目增加會導(dǎo)致市場上產(chǎn)品總產(chǎn)量增加幅度較大、總利潤下降的幅度較��；前者比后者自身成本降低比對手成本升高，成本優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)品的成本降低比劣勢產(chǎn)品的成本降低，對利潤的貢獻(xiàn)大的程度較小。這些結(jié)論對于新企業(yè)進(jìn)入稀土行業(yè)以及稀土企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)決策有著借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Rare earth is the general name of 17 special metal elements. Its products mainly include permanent magnet materials, luminescent materials, polishing materials and so on. They are widely used in many fields such as picture tube, medicine, nuclear physics, military affairs and so on. Therefore, there are many problems in the oligopoly market of rare earths, such as excessive exploitation intensity of resources, oversupply of products from the source, excessive discharge of three wastes, smuggling of rare earth products and excessive competition, etc. The corresponding policies put forward by the relevant departments have been alleviated to a certain extent, but the rare earth enterprises have low profits and their products are surplus. The Cournot model is a game theory model that studies how manufacturers choose production strategies to maximize their benefits. Most of the current research results are aimed at producing only one product for each oligarch and it is a product with a certain degree of substitution. Rare earth products have a uniform product quality standard in the industry. That is, the product has different quality grades. According to the actual requirements, this paper aims to establish the Cournot mold with different quality grade standard products. In this paper, a multioligarch Cournot competition model is established under the condition that the manufacturer carries out the unified quality grade standard. Each quality grade product follows the linear price demand function and its parameters are related to the yield and quality grade. Each manufacturer can produce arbitrary quality grade products and the cost of production is different. Three groups of variables, namely, the number of oligarchs, the cost of their own and the cost of competitors, the cost of superior products and the cost of inferior products, have been designed for 2592 examples. This paper analyzes the influence on the equilibrium solution of the model. Each manufacturer uses Lingo software to make decision and call Lingo. The iterative convergence solution is solved, and the results are stored in the SQL Server database. The result of Cournot model with quality grade product is different from that without quality grade product. The increase of the number of oligarch in the former will result in the increase of total product output and the decrease of total profit in the market. The cost of the former is lower than that of the latter, and the cost of the cost of the superior product is lower than that of the inferior product. These conclusions are useful for the new enterprises to enter the rare earth industry and the production decisions of rare earth enterprises.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F426;F276.8;F224

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