本文關(guān)鍵詞：汽車企業(yè)節(jié)能新技術(shù)評價及油耗目標(biāo)優(yōu)化方法　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 油耗目標(biāo) 節(jié)油效果 系統(tǒng)動力學(xué) 油耗測算 Vensim

【摘要】：近幾年,隨著我國汽車保有量的不斷攀升,汽車尾氣排放成為了導(dǎo)致我國空氣污染情況急速惡化的一個重要原因。同時我國汽車燃油效率低,在龐大的保有量基數(shù)下,車用燃油已成為我國新增石油消耗的主體。汽車的高油耗及污染已成為汽車與社會的最大矛盾。為管控汽車排放污染及降低乘用車企業(yè)平均燃料消耗量,國家推行了更加嚴(yán)格的油耗法規(guī)。乘用車企業(yè)通過兩種途徑來實現(xiàn)自身平均燃料消耗量的降低。第一種是采用輕量化、風(fēng)阻優(yōu)化、低滾阻輪胎、油品升級等節(jié)油技術(shù)來降低企業(yè)各車型油耗,進(jìn)而降低企業(yè)油耗;第二種是投產(chǎn)新能源汽車,投產(chǎn)新能源汽車的企業(yè)依據(jù)國家對新能源汽車油耗的優(yōu)惠政策來完成企業(yè)降油耗的工作。由于新能源汽車受制于技術(shù)、成本、價格、社會基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施支撐等因素而銷量有限,企業(yè)在短期內(nèi)還無法利用新能源汽車的優(yōu)惠政策來降低自身油耗。近期內(nèi)降油耗工作還是以大量采用節(jié)油技術(shù)的方式為主。但是節(jié)油技術(shù)同樣受到技術(shù)成熟度、成本、質(zhì)量、時間等因素的影響,每家企業(yè)的應(yīng)用條件有限�；谏鲜霰尘�,本文進(jìn)行了以下四個問題的研究。第一,以只采用節(jié)油技術(shù)完成降油耗工作的方式,針對單一車型進(jìn)行降油耗分析并且對所有影響因子進(jìn)行靈敏度分析;第二,單一車企根據(jù)國家油耗法規(guī)測算方式,基于車型整備質(zhì)量研究高中低檔車型產(chǎn)品優(yōu)化組合以達(dá)到最優(yōu)油耗。第三,當(dāng)無法使用節(jié)油技術(shù)或使用后仍無法滿足油耗目標(biāo)時,新能源汽車與常規(guī)車以何種分布比例才能滿足油耗法規(guī);第四,企業(yè)在實際情況下,未來幾年內(nèi)油耗及技術(shù)投入成本的發(fā)展趨勢以及成本與降油耗方法選擇的優(yōu)化方法。本文基于系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)理論。首先,通過政策分析對國內(nèi)外油耗法規(guī)、油耗計算方法進(jìn)行闡述、對比。介紹國內(nèi)外對于新能源汽車與常規(guī)汽車油耗的計算方法。其次,通過對標(biāo)車性能實驗、軟件模擬、臺架實驗、場地實驗對節(jié)油技術(shù)的節(jié)油效率進(jìn)行定量研究,并將研究結(jié)果作為輸入建立針對單一車型的油耗測算系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)模型,對降油耗系統(tǒng)影響因子進(jìn)行敏感度分析;再次,根據(jù)車輛不同質(zhì)量在綜合工況下對應(yīng)不同的油耗目標(biāo),建立企業(yè)油耗質(zhì)量段優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)模型,尋求企業(yè)高中低檔車型產(chǎn)品的油耗最優(yōu)組合。同時,以一個新能源車銷量模型,分析新能源汽車推廣的影響因素,進(jìn)而研究何種情況下企業(yè)可以投產(chǎn)新能源車來分擔(dān)企業(yè)油耗,以及新能源車型投產(chǎn)的比重是多少。然后,建立一個乘用車企業(yè)平均燃料消耗量及成本投入預(yù)測模型,研究未來幾年內(nèi)企業(yè)油耗及降油耗成本投入的發(fā)展趨勢。最后,由一個企業(yè)實例,根據(jù)上述研究結(jié)果,分析該企業(yè)的油耗狀況并給出合理建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous increase of vehicle ownership in China, vehicle exhaust emissions have become an important cause of rapid deterioration of air pollution in China. At the same time, automobile fuel efficiency in China is low. Under a large number of reserves. Automobile fuel has become the main body of new oil consumption in our country. The high fuel consumption and pollution of automobile has become the biggest contradiction between automobile and society. In order to control the vehicle emission pollution and reduce the average fuel consumption of passenger vehicle enterprises. The country has implemented more stringent regulations on fuel consumption. Passenger car enterprises use two ways to achieve their own average fuel consumption reduction. The first is the use of lightweight, air resistance optimization, low rolling resistance tires. Oil upgrading and other fuel saving technologies to reduce the fuel consumption of various models of enterprises, and then reduce the fuel consumption of enterprises; The second is the production of new energy vehicles, the production of new energy vehicles enterprises according to the national fuel consumption of new energy vehicles to complete the preferential policies to reduce the fuel consumption of enterprises, because new energy vehicles are subject to technology, cost, price. Social infrastructure support and other factors and limited sales. In the short term, enterprises can not use the preferential policies of new energy vehicles to reduce their own fuel consumption. In the near future, the reduction of fuel consumption is mainly in the way of using a large number of fuel-efficient technologies. But oil-saving technologies are also subject to technological maturity. Cost, quality, time and other factors, each enterprise's application conditions are limited. Based on the above background, this paper carried out the following four issues. First. In order to reduce fuel consumption only by using fuel saving technology, the fuel consumption reduction analysis is carried out for a single vehicle model and sensitivity analysis of all influencing factors is carried out. Second, the single car enterprises according to the national fuel consumption laws and regulations, based on the model preparation quality research on the optimization of low-grade models in order to achieve the optimal fuel consumption. Third. When the fuel saving technology can not be used or the fuel consumption target can not be met after use, the distribution ratio between new energy vehicles and conventional vehicles can meet the fuel consumption regulations; 4th, in the actual situation, the development trend of oil consumption and technical input cost in the next few years, and the optimization method of selecting cost and reducing oil consumption. This paper is based on the theory of system dynamics. First of all. Through the policy analysis of domestic and foreign fuel consumption laws and regulations, fuel consumption calculation methods are elaborated, compared. Introduce the domestic and foreign new energy vehicles and conventional vehicles fuel consumption calculation methods. Secondly, through the standard vehicle performance experiment. Software simulation, bench test and site experiment are used to quantitatively study the fuel saving efficiency of fuel saving technology, and the results are taken as input to establish a dynamic model of fuel consumption measurement system for a single vehicle. Sensitivity analysis of the influencing factors of fuel consumption reduction system was carried out. Thirdly, according to the different vehicle quality corresponding to different fuel consumption targets under the comprehensive working conditions, the optimization system dynamics model of the fuel consumption quality segment of the enterprise is established to seek the optimal combination of the oil consumption of the middle, middle and low grade vehicles. At the same time. Based on a new energy vehicle sales model, this paper analyzes the factors affecting the promotion of new energy vehicles, and then studies the circumstances under which enterprises can put new energy vehicles into production to share the fuel consumption of enterprises. Then a prediction model of average fuel consumption and cost of passenger vehicle enterprises is established. This paper studies the development trend of the oil consumption and the investment of reducing the oil consumption cost in the next few years. Finally, according to the above research results, an enterprise example is given to analyze the situation of the oil consumption of the enterprise and give some reasonable suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F426.471;F206;N941.3

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