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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國液態(tài)乳制品安全監(jiān)管機(jī)制問題及對策研究　出處：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 液態(tài)乳制品 質(zhì)量安全 監(jiān)管 法規(guī) 保障體系

【摘要】：液態(tài)乳制品已經(jīng)成為人們生活當(dāng)中不可或缺的食品之一,液態(tài)乳制品安全不容忽視并且是一個全球性的問題。 本文主要采用文獻(xiàn)分析與實(shí)證分析相結(jié)合、規(guī)范分析與理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際、比較分析法等研究方法,并運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù)、圖表等方式輔以支持,大量查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),分析我國乳制品的發(fā)展歷史及現(xiàn)狀及產(chǎn)業(yè)未來發(fā)展趨勢,結(jié)合乳業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)各個市場環(huán)節(jié)中各主體之間的關(guān)系,在乳制品安全監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)立、質(zhì)量和價格監(jiān)管等方面進(jìn)行分析,同時比較借鑒發(fā)達(dá)國家在乳制品安全監(jiān)管方面的成功經(jīng)驗,對液態(tài)乳制品安全監(jiān)管問題和對策進(jìn)行剖析,找到影響乳制品安全監(jiān)管的核心因素,提出解決我國液態(tài)乳制品安全監(jiān)管問題的對策建議。 通過以上研究,可以得出以下結(jié)論： 1、我國乳制品存在質(zhì)量安全問題,主要表現(xiàn)為①目前我國因生產(chǎn)分散、乳制品供應(yīng)鏈的較長,供應(yīng)鏈各環(huán)節(jié)控制不嚴(yán)、監(jiān)管資源不足、檢測技術(shù)與成本的限制、某些企業(yè)生產(chǎn)者缺乏誠信等多方面的原因,使乳制品生產(chǎn)出現(xiàn)較多質(zhì)量問題,乳制品安全的形勢更加嚴(yán)峻；②政府對乳制品行業(yè)的安全監(jiān)管還很不到位,監(jiān)管措施力度不夠,法規(guī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不很完善。 2、建立健全乳制品安全監(jiān)管體制,乳制品安全監(jiān)管體制應(yīng)該包括：①建立一個可以掌控全局,以立法機(jī)關(guān)、執(zhí)法機(jī)關(guān)和司法部門三方面的共同協(xié)調(diào)施政,主管乳制品安全監(jiān)督檢查管理的機(jī)構(gòu)部門：②乳制品生產(chǎn)加工企業(yè)參照國家相關(guān)法規(guī)建立安全控制體系,自覺的加強(qiáng)乳制品安全控制；③行業(yè)協(xié)會更好發(fā)揮規(guī)范引導(dǎo)行業(yè)作用,積極發(fā)揮企業(yè)、政府以及消費(fèi)者之間有效溝通的橋梁和紐帶作用。 3、健全乳制品安全法律法規(guī)和行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：①加強(qiáng)乳牛的科學(xué)管理、飼料配備、添加劑種類數(shù)量、防疫防控、生產(chǎn)加工及消費(fèi)食用等方面的法律法規(guī)條例；②制定和修訂關(guān)于奶牛飼養(yǎng)管理,乳制品加工技術(shù)、質(zhì)量檢測等標(biāo)準(zhǔn),完善乳制品企業(yè)和乳制品的認(rèn)證機(jī)制。對涉及乳制品質(zhì)量安全的各個過程、各個方面、各個節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行監(jiān)控,完善乳制品質(zhì)量安全方面的法律法規(guī),使整個乳制品供應(yīng)鏈的每一個環(huán)節(jié)都能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)法制化、規(guī)范化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。 4、全程監(jiān)控乳制品田野到餐桌的過程,全程控制要求對原料奶生產(chǎn)與加工和銷售的各環(huán)節(jié)都不能忽視,乳制品安全監(jiān)管必須從細(xì)微到宏觀抓起,需要對飼養(yǎng)奶牛、采集原奶、工廠加工、包裝、儲存運(yùn)輸、銷售過程和消費(fèi)等多環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格控制,只有提高各環(huán)節(jié)的監(jiān)管,才能提高乳制品的質(zhì)量與安全。乳制品的各環(huán)節(jié)嚴(yán)格控制,不但取決于各環(huán)節(jié)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)完善與執(zhí)行程度,而且取決于法制的維護(hù)和科技水平的運(yùn)用狀況,所以,制定和實(shí)施完善的與國際接軌的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系,采用先進(jìn)的科技含量高的控制手段,并在有效的法律框架內(nèi),依法進(jìn)行質(zhì)量與安全監(jiān)控監(jiān)管,是乳制品的安全得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的基本條件。 通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),我國乳業(yè)的發(fā)展涉及政府、奶農(nóng)、行業(yè)協(xié)會、生產(chǎn)者、消費(fèi)者等諸多因素,液態(tài)乳制品供應(yīng)鏈中的各個環(huán)節(jié)對液態(tài)乳制品質(zhì)量安全的都有影響。因此,液態(tài)乳制品質(zhì)量安全是一個全過程監(jiān)管的結(jié)晶,完善我國液態(tài)乳制品質(zhì)量安全保障體系是全社會的共同責(zé)任。 最后,通過歸納分析,本文提出完善我國液態(tài)乳制品質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管保障體系的幾點(diǎn)建議：①積極探索液態(tài)乳制品安全監(jiān)管體制新模式；②清理法律法規(guī),完善法律體系；③完善和構(gòu)建安全監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系；④加強(qiáng)乳制品服務(wù)體系建設(shè)；⑤實(shí)行嚴(yán)格的乳制品安全進(jìn)入政策；⑥完善乳制品安全可追溯及產(chǎn)品召回制度；⑦建立安全預(yù)警機(jī)制、加大宣傳力度。
[Abstract]:Liquid dairy products have become one of the most indispensable food in people's lives. The safety of liquid dairy products can not be ignored and is a global problem.
This paper mainly uses the literature analysis and empirical analysis, normative analysis and theory with practice, comparative analysis and other research methods, and use of data, charts and other auxiliary support, a large number of relevant literature, analysis of the future development trend of China's dairy industry and the development history and current situation, combined with the relationship between the main body of each dairy industry the market in the process of setting up in the dairy safety regulatory agencies, quality and price supervision and other aspects of analysis, comparison and learn from the successful experience of developed countries in the dairy products safety supervision, the liquid dairy products safety supervision problems and countermeasures analysis, find the key factors influencing the safety of dairy products supervision, puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to solve China's liquid milk product safety regulatory issues.
Through the above research, we can draw the following conclusions:
1, China's dairy products quality and safety problems, mainly for the current production because of dispersion, the longer the dairy product supply chain, supply chain control is not strict, supervision resources, detection technology and cost constraints, some manufacturers lack of integrity and other aspects, so that the production of dairy products appear more the quality problem of the safety of dairy products, the situation is more serious; the government of the dairy industry safety supervision was not in place, lack of regulatory measures, regulations and standards are not perfect.
2, establish and improve the dairy products safety supervision system, the dairy products safety supervision system should include: establishing a charge to the legislature, law enforcement and judicial departments in three aspects of the common policy coordination, competent inspection management of the dairy products safety supervision organization department: production and processing enterprises of dairy products according to national relevant laws and regulations the establishment of safety control system, strengthen the safety control of dairy products industry association consciously; the better play the role of the industry norms to guide enterprises to actively, play bridge, effective communication between the government and consumers and ties.
3, improve the dairy products safety laws and regulations and industry standards, strengthen scientific management, dairy cattle feed additives with quantity, epidemic prevention and control, production and processing and consumption and other aspects of the laws and regulations; the formulation and revision of dairy management, dairy processing technology, quality testing standards, improve the authentication mechanism of milk enterprise products and dairy products. All of the various processes related to the quality and safety of dairy products, monitoring of each node, perfecting the laws and regulations of the safety and quality of dairy products, the dairy products supply chain every link to realize the legalization, standardization, standardization.
4, the process of monitoring the whole dairy farm to table the whole control requirements for each part of the raw milk production and processing and sales can not be ignored, the safety of dairy products from the subtle to macro regulation must be grabbed, need to raise dairy cows, the original milk collection, manufacturing, packaging, storage and transportation, sales process and consumption etc. links are strictly controlled, only to improve the supervision, in order to improve the quality and safety of dairy products. Various aspects of dairy products strictly controlled, not only depends on the various aspects of the standard and perfect degree of implementation and use of the situation, depending on the preparation method of the maintenance and the technical level so that the formulation and implementation of the standard system and the international standards of perfection, the control means of advanced science and technology content is high, and the effective legal framework, quality monitoring and supervision in accordance with the law, is the safety of dairy products to achieve a basic .
The study found that the development of China's dairy industry involving the government, farmers, industry associations, producers, consumers and other factors, each link of liquid milk products in the supply chain on the quality of liquid milk product safety will be affected. Therefore, the quality of liquid milk product safety is a whole process supervision to improve the quality of liquid crystal. The safety of dairy products security system in China is the common responsibility of the whole society.
Finally, through the inductive analysis, put forward some suggestions to improve our quality of liquid dairy products safety supervision and guarantee system in this paper: first, actively explore a new model of liquid dairy products safety supervision system; the clear laws and regulations, perfect the legal system; to perfect the construction safety supervision and standard system; to strengthen the construction of service system of dairy products strictly; the safety of dairy products into the policy; perfecting the dairy safety traceability and recall system; the establishment of early warning mechanism of safety, intensify propaganda.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F203;F426.82

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