本文關(guān)鍵詞：進出口貿(mào)易對我國制造業(yè)工資差距的影響研究　出處：《南京航空航天大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 進出口貿(mào)易 產(chǎn)業(yè)間貿(mào)易 產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易 行業(yè)工資差距 傳導機制

【摘要】：從上個世紀七、八十年代以來，隨著經(jīng)濟全球化和世界貿(mào)易自由化進程的加快，，南北貿(mào)易、北北貿(mào)易、產(chǎn)業(yè)間貿(mào)易、產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易等各種形式的國際貿(mào)易迅速發(fā)展。伴隨著這些貿(mào)易形式的發(fā)展，各國國內(nèi)普遍出現(xiàn)了勞動者工資差距擴大的趨勢，國際貿(mào)易與工資差距關(guān)系的研究遂成為國際經(jīng)濟學領域理論研究和經(jīng)驗分析的熱點和難點之一。 大量學者從理論和實踐兩方面對進出口貿(mào)易與工資差距的關(guān)系進行了系統(tǒng)研究，形成了不同階段的理論。古典貿(mào)易理論、新古典貿(mào)易理論、新貿(mào)易理論和新新貿(mào)易理論分別從產(chǎn)業(yè)間貿(mào)易、產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易和產(chǎn)品內(nèi)貿(mào)易角度解釋了不同分工形式下的進出口貿(mào)易對工資差距的影響。盡管不同分工形式的進出口貿(mào)易對工資差距的影響結(jié)果不同，但其影響機制是相似的。進出口貿(mào)易分別通過技術(shù)進步、微觀主體行為以及其他途徑（商品價格、勞動需求彈性、非正規(guī)部門、教育、收入再分配等）影響一國國內(nèi)的工資差距。 本文在全面梳理和闡述進出口貿(mào)易影響工資差距的理論基礎和傳導機制后，結(jié)合中國現(xiàn)實，對進出口貿(mào)易對中國工資差距的影響進行了經(jīng)驗檢驗，基本結(jié)論為：從行業(yè)角度看，中國各行業(yè)對外貿(mào)易的發(fā)展程度與行業(yè)的工資增長呈現(xiàn)出較大的正相關(guān)性，隨著中國貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整，行業(yè)間工資差距呈現(xiàn)逐步擴大的趨勢。經(jīng)驗分析發(fā)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)間貿(mào)易和產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易這兩種貿(mào)易形式對中國工資差距的影響是不同的。進出口貿(mào)易對中國組間（產(chǎn)業(yè)間貿(mào)易行業(yè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易行業(yè)間）工資差距的影響是：進出口總貿(mào)易、出口貿(mào)易、進口貿(mào)易對于產(chǎn)業(yè)間貿(mào)易行業(yè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易行業(yè)的工資都是降低的作用，因此對組間工資差距的影響是不確定的。進出口貿(mào)易對組內(nèi)（產(chǎn)業(yè)間貿(mào)易行業(yè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易行業(yè)各自行業(yè)內(nèi)部）工資差距的影響是：在產(chǎn)業(yè)間貿(mào)易形式下，總貿(mào)易、出口貿(mào)易、進口貿(mào)易均傾向于擴大產(chǎn)業(yè)間貿(mào)易行業(yè)內(nèi)的工資差距。在產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易形式下，總貿(mào)易、進口貿(mào)易傾向于擴大產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易行業(yè)組內(nèi)的工資差距，而出口貿(mào)易則傾向于縮小產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易行業(yè)組內(nèi)的工資差距�？梢�，進出口貿(mào)易的發(fā)展對中國行業(yè)間工資差距的擴大有著重要影響。 因此，我們有必要正確認識和看待進出口貿(mào)易與中國工資差距之間的關(guān)系，在堅持對外開放的同時，采取各種有效措施緩解國際貿(mào)易對中國工資差距的負面影響。一方面，積極調(diào)整外貿(mào)的產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和地區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)，提高出口的需求彈性，將市場從國際向國內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移，減緩國際因素對國內(nèi)各行業(yè)產(chǎn)能和就業(yè)的沖擊。同時，加快產(chǎn)業(yè)的地區(qū)間轉(zhuǎn)移和承接，擴大對高技能勞動的需求。中西部地區(qū)則可以通過承接東部，甚至是國際制造業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移,著重提高低技能勞動者的就業(yè)和福利水平。另一方面，積極運用經(jīng)濟和非經(jīng)濟手段拓寬就業(yè)渠道、改善收入分配。理順勞動市場上的勞動價格，提高初次分配中勞動要素報酬的比重。在再分配的過程中，注重行業(yè)公平、地區(qū)公平和微觀主體間的公平。只有將貿(mào)易改革和收入分配調(diào)整共同實施，才能有效降低和緩解進出口貿(mào)易對中國工資差距的負面影響。
[Abstract]:From the seven century since 80s, with the economic globalization and world trade liberalization, trade between the north and the south, North North trade, inter industry trade, intra industry trade and other forms of the rapid development of international trade. With the development of these forms of trade, each country is generally the wage gap expansion trend. Study on the relationship between international trade and the wage gap has become one of the hot and difficult analysis of international economics theory and experience.
A large number of scholars have made a systematic study on the relationship between import and export trade and wage gap from two aspects of theory and practice, the formation of the different stages of the theory. The classical trade theory, new classical trade theory, new trade theory and new trade theory from the perspective of inter industry trade, trade and industry trade and the intra product explains the effects of different division of labor under the form of import and export trade on the wage gap. Although the effects of different forms of import and export trade on the wage gap between different results, but its influence mechanism is similar. The import and export trade through technological progress, behavior and other ways (commodity prices, labor demand elasticity, the informal sector, the redistribution of education. Income etc.) affects the domestic wage gap.
Based on the comprehensive analyses of import and export trade affect the wage gap theory and transmission mechanism, combined with the China reality, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of import and export trade on the wage gap China, the basic conclusions are: from the perspective of industry, Chinese industries on the development degree of foreign trade and Industry wage growth has shown significant positive correlation with Chinese, the adjustment of trade structure, inter industry wage gap has been widening. Empirical analysis shows that the impact of inter industry trade and intra industry trade of the two forms of trade on the wage gap is different. China import and export trade to Chinese group (inter industry trade and intra industry trade industries between) affect the wage gap is: import and export trade, export trade and import trade for inter industry trade and intra industry trade and industry industry wages are reduced as Use, so the impact on the wage gap between groups is uncertain. The import and export trade in the group (inter industry trade industries and intra industry trade industries itself) affect the wage gap is in the form of inter industry trade, general trade, exports, imports were inclined to expand the inter industry trade the wage gap within the industry. In the form of intra industry trade, general trade, imports tend to widen the wage gap within the industry trade group in the industry, the export trade is tend to narrow the wage gap within the industry trade group. Therefore, has a great effect on the development of import and export trade expanded to China industry the wage gap.
Therefore, it is necessary for us to correctly understand the relationship between the view and the import and export trade and China wage gap, insist on opening at the same time, take various effective measures to alleviate the negative impact of international trade on the wage gap Chinese. On the one hand, actively adjust the foreign trade product structure, industry structure and regional structure, improve the elasticity of demand for exports from the international market, the domestic transfer, slow down the effect of international trade on the domestic productivity and employment. At the same time, speeding up the industrial transfer between areas and to expand the demand of high skilled labor. The western area can undertake the eastern, and even the international transfer of manufacturing industry, focusing on improving low skilled workers the employment and welfare level. On the other hand, actively use economic and non economic means to expand employment channels, improve income distribution. Straighten out the price of labor, improve early The proportion of distribution in labor remuneration. In the redistribution process, pay attention to fair trade, regional equity and equity among micro subjects. Only trade reform and income distribution adjustment joint implementation, to effectively reduce the negative import and export trade on the wage gap Chinese effect.

【學位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F752.6;F424;F249.24


本文編號：1367290