【摘要】：東北虎又稱西伯利亞虎,是世界上極其珍貴的物種之一,隸屬于亞種虎,2008年被評為全球十大瀕危物種之一。因東北虎遍布地區(qū)分散且不統(tǒng)一,東北虎又被稱為阿穆爾虎、阿爾泰虎、滿洲虎、烏蘇里虎、朝鮮虎等。大部分東北虎布于俄羅斯東南部、朝鮮三池淵郡及大紅湍郡的長白山一帶以及中國東北等地區(qū)。近年來,由于東北虎的生存環(huán)境變得越來越惡劣,食物變得越來越匱乏,東北虎的數(shù)量急劇下降。為了挽救瀕臨滅絕的東北虎,我國采用保護東北虎的棲息地、建立東北虎林園等措施加大對東北虎的保護力度。如今,我國東北虎的數(shù)量有了明顯的增加。面對越來越龐大的東北虎種群,問題也隨之而來,如何科學的飼養(yǎng)東北虎成為了研究的首要問題,既要保證東北虎健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展,又滿足經(jīng)濟制約,從而既達到了挽救東北虎的目的,又緩解了經(jīng)濟上的壓力。本文通過對東北虎林園野化馴養(yǎng)區(qū)相同年齡的半散放成年東北虎不同月份的食量進行統(tǒng)計研究,利用耗散結(jié)構(gòu)理論中的熵理論研究東北虎的飲食與熵變規(guī)律,找出為東北虎提供科學飲食的理論依據(jù)。本文從熵理論出發(fā),利用生命體熵理論分析成年東北虎不同季節(jié)即十二個月的采食規(guī)律。以哈爾濱東北虎林園一號野化訓練區(qū)的東北虎的日飼食量為數(shù)據(jù)基礎,以七只相同年齡的成年東北虎為研究對象,將七只成年東北虎分別對應為虎1、虎2、至虎7。分別計算七只東北虎2008年至2013年六個年份中不同月份的飼料量,聯(lián)系不同月份哈爾濱的溫度情況,計算不同月份成年東北虎的食量與熵變量。利用matlabR2014a軟件建立東北虎不同月份的熵變模型與食量模型,在此基礎上從最小二乘法理論出發(fā),將半散放成年東北虎不同月份的食量與熵變規(guī)律利用多項式回歸方法進行擬合,估計擬合模型的參數(shù),比較多階擬合的優(yōu)劣,找出最優(yōu)的經(jīng)驗回歸方程來描述東北虎的熵變規(guī)律與食量規(guī)律。研究結(jié)果表明：隨著外界環(huán)境溫度的升高,東北虎為了維護體內(nèi)熵的動態(tài)平衡,通過物質(zhì)交換引入負熵減少,食量逐漸減少；隨著外界環(huán)境溫度的降低,通過物質(zhì)交換引入負熵增加,東北虎食量逐漸增加。東北虎整年食量規(guī)律的研究符合從熵理論角度分析的熵變規(guī)律。在回歸分析方面,成年東北虎通過物質(zhì)交換導致負熵變化的規(guī)律呈現(xiàn)四次擬合趨勢,四次擬合的精度更高；成年東北虎不同月份的食量規(guī)律呈現(xiàn)七次擬合趨勢,七次擬合的優(yōu)度高且穩(wěn)定。通過研究根據(jù)熵變規(guī)律與食量規(guī)律飼養(yǎng)東北虎更科學且符合經(jīng)濟制約,其研究方法也為其它生命體的研究提供基本思路。
[Abstract]:Siberian tiger, also known as Siberian tiger, is one of the most precious species in the world, belonging to the subspecies tiger, and was named one of the top ten endangered species in the world in 2008. Because the Siberian tiger is scattered and not unified in the region, the Siberian tiger is also known as the Amur tiger, the Altai tiger, the Manchurian tiger, the Ursuli tiger, the Korean tiger and so on. Most Siberian tigers are located in southeastern Russia, Sanchiyuan County and Changbai Mountain in Dahong turbulent County, as well as in northeast China. In recent years, as the living environment of Siberian tiger has become worse and worse, food has become more and more scarce, the number of Siberian tiger has declined sharply. In order to save the endangered Siberian tiger, China has adopted measures such as protecting the habitat of the Siberian tiger and establishing the northeast tiger forest garden to strengthen the protection of the Siberian tiger. Nowadays, the number of Siberian tigers in China has increased significantly. In the face of more and more Siberian tiger population, the problem also follows, how to raise Siberian tiger scientifically has become the primary problem of research, not only to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of Siberian tiger, but also to meet the economic constraints, so as not only to save the Siberian tiger, but also to alleviate the economic pressure. In this paper, based on the statistical study on the food intake of semi-scattered adult Siberian tigers of the same age in the wild domestication area of Northeast Tiger Forest Garden, the diet and entropy change of Siberian tigers were studied by using entropy theory in dissipative structure theory, and the theoretical basis for providing scientific diet for Siberian tigers was found out. In this paper, based on the entropy theory, the feeding law of adult Siberian tiger in different seasons, that is, 12 months, is analyzed by using the entropy theory of life body. Based on the data of Siberian tiger in No. 1 wild training area of northeast tiger forest garden in Harbin, seven adult Siberian tigers of the same age were taken as the research object, and seven adult Siberian tigers were corresponding to tiger 1, tiger 2 and tiger 7, respectively. The feed volume of seven Siberian tigers in different months from 2008 to 2013 was calculated, and the food intake and entropy variables of adult Siberian tigers in different months were calculated according to the temperature of Harbin in different months. The entropy change model and food intake model of Siberian tiger in different months were established by matlabR2014a software. On this basis, based on the least square theory, the food intake and entropy change law of semi-scattered adult Siberian tiger in different months were fitted by multinomial regression method, the parameters of the fitting model were estimated, the advantages and disadvantages of multi-order fitting were compared, and the optimal empirical regression equation was found to describe the entropy change law and food intake law of Siberian tiger. The results show that with the increase of external environment temperature, in order to maintain the dynamic balance of entropy in the body, the introduction of negative entropy through material exchange decreases and the amount of food gradually decreases, and with the decrease of external environment temperature, the introduction of negative entropy through material exchange increases, and the food intake of Siberian tiger increases gradually. The study on the annual food intake of Siberian tiger accords with the entropy change law analyzed from the point of view of entropy theory. In regression analysis, the law of negative entropy change caused by material exchange in adult Siberian tiger showed the trend of four times fitting, and the accuracy of four times fitting was higher, and the food intake law of adult Siberian tiger in different months showed the trend of seven times fitting, and the goodness of seven times fitting was high and stable. It is more scientific and economical to raise Siberian tiger according to the law of entropy change and food intake, and its research method also provides the basic idea for the study of other living organisms.
【學位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S865.31

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