【摘要】：目前我國正處于老齡化趨勢中,空巢老人越來越多,隨之老人獨居的危險性日益凸顯。隨著年齡的增加,老年人身體各項機能指標下降,運動能力減退,其中平衡能力出現顯著下降的現象,從而增加了老年人跌倒的風險。本實驗根據老年人機體狀況,選用低強度的黃色彈力帶對老年人進行12周的指導性鍛煉,目的在于提升老年人肌肉力量,增強老年人平衡能力,降低跌倒風險。研究意義為增強老年人平衡力,來預防突發(fā)性跌倒,減弱龐大老年群體在養(yǎng)老、醫(yī)療及社會服務等方面對社會的負擔和壓力,具有重要的社會經濟價值。本研究研究方法采用文獻資料法、實驗法、數理統(tǒng)計法。實驗對象選取60-72歲的社區(qū)老人,男8名,女12名,采用自身對照實驗,無對照組。實驗方案：每次鍛煉過程分為三部分,分別為基本熱身環(huán)節(jié)、彈力帶抗阻練習環(huán)節(jié)和拉伸放松環(huán)節(jié)。其中彈力帶抗阻練習時,受試者根據自身情況調整練習強度,使受試者心率保持在75-105次／分,在此過程中不能憋氣進行練習,調整呼吸,同時結合音樂進行練習。以增加上下肢肌力和核心區(qū)肌肉力量為目的,設計八個彈力帶抗阻動作,每個動作間歇5min,一個動作共練習三組,每組10次,組與組的間歇為30-60s。實驗結果：運用Berg平衡量表作為評價老年人平衡功能及跌倒風險的依據,肌力則采用等速肌力測試儀及握力器進行測量。經過12周彈力帶抗阻練習測得的結果與實驗前的指標進行對比,利用統(tǒng)計軟件SPSS 19.0對數據進行雙因素方差分析的處理后得出,下肢伸肌峰力距和屈肌峰力距的變化具有顯著差異(P0.05),上肢前臂力量握力的變化也具有顯著的差異(P0.05),Berg平衡量表的總得分具有非常顯著的差異變化(P0.01),其中單腿站立時間增長非常明顯(P0.01),反應速度加快,反應時間縮短非常明顯(P0.01),最終得出的結論如下：(1)實驗前后下肢屈肌和伸肌的肌力均有提高,握力也有明顯增長,具有顯著性差異,表明低強度間歇的彈力帶抗阻練習可以明顯增加老年人下肢肌力及前臂力量；(2)實驗前后Berg平衡量表得分增長明顯,單腿獨立站立的時間增長,反應時間的縮短,均具有非常顯著性差異,表明彈力帶抗阻練習能夠明顯地提升老年人身體平衡能力水平,有效地降低老年人跌倒的風險。(3)彈力帶抗阻練習對老年人平衡能力地提高有明顯效果,但與性別無明顯關系。建議：彈力帶抗阻練習適合老年人日常生活中鍛煉,不受時間地點的約束,家中可自行完成。在鍛煉的過程中也可以加入音樂,使枯燥的鍛煉變得有趣,建議老年大學或者社區(qū)老年活動中心將彈力帶引入,編成舞蹈或者廣場舞,利用器材的新穎性吸引老年人加入活動中,這樣在增加肌力和平衡能力的同時,豐富老年人的業(yè)余生活,降低老年人的孤獨感。
[Abstract]:At present, our country is in the aging trend, there are more and more empty nests, and the risk of elderly living alone is becoming more and more prominent. With the increase of age, the physical function indexes and exercise ability of the elderly decreased, and the balance ability decreased significantly, which increased the risk of falls in the elderly. According to the body condition of the elderly, the low intensity yellow elastic band was selected to guide the elderly for 12 weeks. The purpose of this experiment was to improve the muscle strength of the elderly, enhance the balance ability of the elderly and reduce the risk of falls. The significance of the study is to enhance the balance of the elderly, to prevent sudden falls, and to weaken the burden and pressure of large elderly groups on society in the aspects of providing for the aged, medical treatment and social services, which is of great social and economic value. The methods of this study are literature, experiment and mathematical statistics. The subjects, 8 males and 12 females, aged 60 years old and 72 years old, were enrolled in the self-control experiment with no control group. Experimental scheme: each exercise process is divided into three parts, namely, the basic warm-up link, the elastic belt resistance exercise link and the stretch relaxation link. During the elastic band resistance exercise, the subjects adjusted the intensity of the exercise according to their own conditions, so that the heart rate of the subjects was kept at 75 鈮，

本文編號：2493906