基于LCA的離子型稀土生產(chǎn)環(huán)境生態(tài)累積（火用）耗研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-21 13:31
【摘要】：生命周期評價(LCA)被認(rèn)為是21世紀(jì)最有效的環(huán)境管理工具和環(huán)境影響評價方法,能定性和定量分析產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)整個生命過程中的環(huán)境負(fù)荷,促進(jìn)產(chǎn)品或生產(chǎn)工藝的環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)性,幫助企業(yè)優(yōu)化工藝、改進(jìn)技術(shù)、選擇最佳工藝等,為政府制定環(huán)境管理政策及企業(yè)環(huán)境管理提供理論依據(jù),但傳統(tǒng)LCA在實際生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用中存在局限性。生態(tài)生命周期評價Eco-LCA是基于能值理論的LCA新興評價方法,是傳統(tǒng)LCA的拓展,能夠分析評價工業(yè)過程生態(tài)影響及其可持續(xù)性,識別生產(chǎn)最終生態(tài)影響,克服了傳統(tǒng)LCA方法忽略生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)對產(chǎn)品可持續(xù)發(fā)展的隱性貢獻(xiàn)的不足,但其理論框架還有待研究。離子型稀土是國家重要的戰(zhàn)略不可再生資源,在其生產(chǎn)過程中會造成嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問題。通過研究傳統(tǒng)LCA方法和Eco-LCA生態(tài)累積（火用）耗(ECEC)計量方案,基于LCA基本框架并結(jié)合離子型稀土生產(chǎn)環(huán)境情況,確立了離子型稀土生產(chǎn)環(huán)境LCA研究目標(biāo)、系統(tǒng)邊界,建立了評價指標(biāo)體系、總量累積模型及環(huán)境負(fù)荷分?jǐn)傇瓌t。同時,建立了囊括自然資源消耗(NC)、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)投入(SC)和環(huán)境污染危害(EI)的生態(tài)累積（火用）耗(ECEC)評價模型,克服了傳統(tǒng)LCA忽略生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)投入對產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的隱性影響的不足。并且,首次結(jié)合Eco-LCA的ECEC計量方法及丹麥的工業(yè)產(chǎn)品環(huán)境設(shè)計方法(Environmental Design of Industrial Products,EDIP),創(chuàng)新性的建立了環(huán)境影響類型生態(tài)累積（火用）耗評價模型,以生態(tài)累積（火用）耗來定量各影響類型的環(huán)境負(fù)荷,使其能夠在同一單位下(sej)進(jìn)行對比分析,能夠反映生產(chǎn)的生態(tài)影響、可持續(xù)性及環(huán)境負(fù)荷關(guān)鍵因子。本研究以某離子型稀土生產(chǎn)為研究對象,以1t氧化鑭為功能單位,基于LCA基本框架,對其開展了生態(tài)累積（火用）耗及環(huán)境影響類型生態(tài)累積（火用）耗應(yīng)用研究,結(jié)果表明:(1)生產(chǎn)1t氧化鑭產(chǎn)生的氣體污染物最多的是CO2,液體污染物最多的是COD,固體廢棄物最多的是廢渣;(2)資源消耗的生態(tài)累積（火用）耗量最大,為249.002×1016sej,占總生態(tài)累積（火用）耗量的89.9%,其次是環(huán)境污染危害;(3)從環(huán)境影響類型看,生產(chǎn)對全球變暖和富營養(yǎng)化的影響較大,其生態(tài)累積（火用）耗量分別為4.17×1016sej和2.28×1016sej;(4)冶煉分離階段對環(huán)境影響的貢獻(xiàn)大,占整個生產(chǎn)過程的80.56%,是企業(yè)實施環(huán)境管理、污染控制的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。并從降低生態(tài)累積（火用）耗及影響類型生態(tài)累積（火用）耗方面,提出優(yōu)化空間與污染控制措施。
[Abstract]:Life cycle Assessment (LCA) is considered to be the most effective environmental management tool and environmental impact assessment method in the 21st century. It can qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the environmental load in the whole life process of product production and promote the environmental coordination of product or production process. In order to provide theoretical basis for the government to make environmental management policy and enterprise environmental management, the traditional LCA has some limitations in practical production application, which can help enterprises to optimize the technology, improve the technology and choose the best technology. Ecological Life cycle Assessment (Eco-LCA) is a new evaluation method of LCA based on energy theory. It is an extension of traditional LCA. It can analyze and evaluate the ecological impact of industrial process and its sustainability, and identify the final ecological impact of production. The traditional LCA method overlooks the implicit contribution of ecosystem and social economy to the sustainable development of products, but its theoretical framework remains to be studied. Ionic rare earth is an important strategic non-renewable resource of our country, which will cause serious environmental problems in its production process. By studying the traditional LCA method and the (ECEC) measurement scheme of Eco-LCA ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption, based on the basic framework of LCA and combined with the environmental conditions of ionic rare earth production, the research target and system boundary of LCA for ionic rare earth production environment were established. The evaluation index system, aggregate accumulation model and environmental load sharing principle are established. At the same time, the evaluation model of ecologic accumulation (exergy) consumption (ECEC) including natural resource consumption (NC), socio-economic input (SC) and environmental pollution hazard (EI) was established. The traditional LCA overlooks the hidden influence of ecosystem and economic input on product production. In addition, combining the ECEC measurement method of Eco-LCA and the environmental design method of industrial products (Environmental Design of Industrial Products,EDIP) in Denmark for the first time, the evaluation model of ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption of environmental impact types is established innovatively. The ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption is used to quantify the environmental load of each influence type, so that it can be compared and analyzed under the same unit of (sej), which can reflect the ecological impact of production, sustainability and key factors of environmental load. In this study, the ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption and the ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption of the environmental impact type were studied on the basis of the basic framework of LCA, taking the 1t lanthanum oxide as the functional unit and the ionic rare earth production as the object of study, and the applied study on the ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption of the environmental impact type. The results show that: (1) the gas pollutants produced by 1t lanthanum oxide are the most CO2, liquid pollutants are COD, solid wastes are the most waste residue; (2) the ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption of resource consumption is the largest, which is 249.002 脳 1016 sej, accounting for 89.9% of the total ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption, followed by environmental pollution hazard; (3) the ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption of production is 4.17 脳 1016sej and 2.28 脳 1016sej, respectively, from the view of environmental impact type, which has a great influence on global warming and eutrophication. (4) smelting separation stage has a great contribution to environmental impact, accounting for 80.56% of the total production process, which is the key link of environmental management and pollution control in enterprises. From the aspects of reducing the exergy consumption of ecological accumulation (exergy) and the type of ecological accumulation (exergy) of influence type, the measures of optimizing space and pollution control are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X82
本文編號：2444981
[Abstract]:Life cycle Assessment (LCA) is considered to be the most effective environmental management tool and environmental impact assessment method in the 21st century. It can qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the environmental load in the whole life process of product production and promote the environmental coordination of product or production process. In order to provide theoretical basis for the government to make environmental management policy and enterprise environmental management, the traditional LCA has some limitations in practical production application, which can help enterprises to optimize the technology, improve the technology and choose the best technology. Ecological Life cycle Assessment (Eco-LCA) is a new evaluation method of LCA based on energy theory. It is an extension of traditional LCA. It can analyze and evaluate the ecological impact of industrial process and its sustainability, and identify the final ecological impact of production. The traditional LCA method overlooks the implicit contribution of ecosystem and social economy to the sustainable development of products, but its theoretical framework remains to be studied. Ionic rare earth is an important strategic non-renewable resource of our country, which will cause serious environmental problems in its production process. By studying the traditional LCA method and the (ECEC) measurement scheme of Eco-LCA ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption, based on the basic framework of LCA and combined with the environmental conditions of ionic rare earth production, the research target and system boundary of LCA for ionic rare earth production environment were established. The evaluation index system, aggregate accumulation model and environmental load sharing principle are established. At the same time, the evaluation model of ecologic accumulation (exergy) consumption (ECEC) including natural resource consumption (NC), socio-economic input (SC) and environmental pollution hazard (EI) was established. The traditional LCA overlooks the hidden influence of ecosystem and economic input on product production. In addition, combining the ECEC measurement method of Eco-LCA and the environmental design method of industrial products (Environmental Design of Industrial Products,EDIP) in Denmark for the first time, the evaluation model of ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption of environmental impact types is established innovatively. The ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption is used to quantify the environmental load of each influence type, so that it can be compared and analyzed under the same unit of (sej), which can reflect the ecological impact of production, sustainability and key factors of environmental load. In this study, the ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption and the ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption of the environmental impact type were studied on the basis of the basic framework of LCA, taking the 1t lanthanum oxide as the functional unit and the ionic rare earth production as the object of study, and the applied study on the ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption of the environmental impact type. The results show that: (1) the gas pollutants produced by 1t lanthanum oxide are the most CO2, liquid pollutants are COD, solid wastes are the most waste residue; (2) the ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption of resource consumption is the largest, which is 249.002 脳 1016 sej, accounting for 89.9% of the total ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption, followed by environmental pollution hazard; (3) the ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption of production is 4.17 脳 1016sej and 2.28 脳 1016sej, respectively, from the view of environmental impact type, which has a great influence on global warming and eutrophication. (4) smelting separation stage has a great contribution to environmental impact, accounting for 80.56% of the total production process, which is the key link of environmental management and pollution control in enterprises. From the aspects of reducing the exergy consumption of ecological accumulation (exergy) and the type of ecological accumulation (exergy) of influence type, the measures of optimizing space and pollution control are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X82
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