【摘要】：近年來,隨著城市規(guī)模不斷增大情況下,地上的交通變得十分擁擠。地鐵因為具有運量大、速度快、準(zhǔn)時、安全性能高、經(jīng)濟環(huán)保等優(yōu)點,逐漸成為城市居民出行的主要交通方式。大客流已成為北京地鐵車站的運營常態(tài)。由于大客流情況下,人員處于一個狹窄的半封閉空間,人員的密度相對較大,極易與其他突發(fā)事件發(fā)生耦合,一旦乘客處于擁擠狀態(tài),產(chǎn)生恐慌情緒,更容易發(fā)生踩踏事故,另外,在火災(zāi)等突發(fā)事故發(fā)生后,由于客流密度大而導(dǎo)致疏散更加困難,也會對乘客的疏散行為造成一系列的影響,增加踩踏事故發(fā)生的幾率。因此,研究大客流下地鐵乘客應(yīng)急疏散行為具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本文在對相關(guān)文獻研究的基礎(chǔ)上,對地鐵車站乘客的應(yīng)急疏散行為及其影響因素進行了分析。通過理論分析,構(gòu)建了應(yīng)急疏散行為的理論假設(shè)模型,編制了地鐵乘客應(yīng)急疏散行為和影響因素的問卷。對北京地鐵車站300名乘客發(fā)放問卷,最后回收有效問卷257份。針對收集的問卷數(shù)據(jù)利用SPSS和AMOS進行了信效度檢驗、驗證性因素分析、描述性統(tǒng)計分析、不同變量的差異性分析、路徑分析。主要結(jié)果如下:乘客對互助行為的選擇傾向最高,從眾行為和排他行為的選擇傾向處于中等水平,對自主疏散行為的選擇傾向較低;在行為的影響因素方面,乘客在個人因素和應(yīng)急管理因素方面得分較高,在環(huán)境因素方面得分偏低。個人因素、環(huán)境因素、應(yīng)急管理因素與從眾行為顯著正相關(guān)個人因素與互助行為顯著正相關(guān);個人因素、環(huán)境因素與排他行為顯著負(fù)相關(guān);個人因素、環(huán)境因素與自主疏散行為顯著正相關(guān),應(yīng)急管理因素與自主疏散行為顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。最后,通過行為矯正法在地鐵車站應(yīng)急疏散中的應(yīng)用,結(jié)合本文研究所得出的不同的疏散行為的具體影響因素,針對應(yīng)急疏散中的具體行為提出了干預(yù)措施。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing size of the city, the traffic on the ground becomes very crowded. Because of its advantages of large capacity, high speed, punctuality, high safety performance, economic and environmental protection, subway has gradually become the main mode of transportation for urban residents. Large passenger flow has become the normal operation of Beijing subway station. Due to the large passenger flow, the staff is in a narrow semi-enclosed space, the density of the personnel is relatively large, so it is easy to coupling with other emergencies. Once the passengers are in a crowded state, they have panic feelings and are more prone to stampede accidents. In addition, after the fire and other sudden accidents, it is more difficult to evacuate because of the high density of passenger flow, which will also cause a series of effects on the evacuation behavior of passengers, and increase the probability of stampede accidents. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the emergency evacuation behavior of subway passengers. Based on the research of related literature, this paper analyzes the emergency evacuation behavior of subway station passengers and its influencing factors. Through theoretical analysis, the theoretical hypothesis model of emergency evacuation behavior is constructed, and the questionnaire of subway passenger emergency evacuation behavior and influencing factors is compiled. A questionnaire was given to 300 passengers of Beijing subway station and 257 valid questionnaires were collected. SPSS and AMOS were used to test reliability and validity, confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, difference analysis of different variables and path analysis. The main results are as follows: passengers' tendency to choose mutual aid behavior is the highest, the tendency of herd behavior and exclusive behavior is in the medium level, and the choice tendency of autonomous evacuation behavior is low; In terms of influencing factors of behavior, passengers scored higher in personal factors and emergency management factors, and lower in environmental factors. Personal factors, environmental factors, emergency management factors and herd behavior significantly positive correlation between personal factors and mutual help behavior significantly positive correlation, personal factors, environmental factors and exclusive behavior significantly negative correlation; Personal factors, environmental factors and autonomous evacuation behavior were significantly positive correlation, emergency management factors and autonomous evacuation behavior significantly negative correlation. Finally, through the application of behavior correction method in subway station emergency evacuation, combined with the specific factors of different evacuation behavior obtained in this paper, the intervention measures are put forward for the specific behavior of emergency evacuation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D63

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本文編號：2331132