【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)增長是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的過程,其實(shí)質(zhì)為更有效利用資源,提高生產(chǎn)效率的制度變遷過程。自然資源,尤其是不可再生資源是推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長必不可少的重要因素。自然資源過去一直被認(rèn)為是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的福音,但現(xiàn)在有的學(xué)者認(rèn)為其有時(shí)會(huì)變成一國或地區(qū)的危機(jī)。自然資源的開發(fā)會(huì)帶來兩種效應(yīng),一是產(chǎn)出效應(yīng);另一種是"制度效應(yīng)",即該行動(dòng)會(huì)對(duì)制度產(chǎn)生直接或間接影響。本文著重研究的問題是自然資源開發(fā)度影響經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的過程中,制度變遷因素在其中又有著怎樣的影響,探索性地從各個(gè)制度層面打開資源開發(fā)負(fù)作用于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的"黑箱"。本文首先對(duì)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了梳理、歸納和總結(jié)。然后根據(jù)此,從理論上分析資源開發(fā)對(duì)制度形成與發(fā)展的影響機(jī)理,以及制度對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的影響機(jī)理,為全文提供理論支撐。最后為了更深入地弄清楚"資源開發(fā)-制度-經(jīng)濟(jì)增長"這一影響路徑,選擇1991年-2014年中國29省的面板數(shù)據(jù)為樣本,從政府體制、所有制、金融制度等三方面全面構(gòu)建了制度指標(biāo),建立相應(yīng)的計(jì)量模型,在進(jìn)行單位根檢驗(yàn)、協(xié)整檢驗(yàn)后,通過實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)了我國省際間自然資源開發(fā)對(duì)制度、制度對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長是否存在顯著影響、影響程度究竟有多大。通過上面理論和實(shí)證分析,得出如下結(jié)論:資源開發(fā)既可直接對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長產(chǎn)生正向作用,也可以通過影響制度從而對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長產(chǎn)生間接負(fù)向作用,即資源開發(fā)會(huì)對(duì)好的制度產(chǎn)生弱化作用,使得好的制度沒有起到對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長應(yīng)有的促進(jìn)作用,或?qū)Σ缓玫闹贫犬a(chǎn)生強(qiáng)化作用,加重不好的制度對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的抑制作用。具體為資源開發(fā)強(qiáng)度的增加會(huì)促使政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的干預(yù)度提高,弱化政府體制改革;促使國有經(jīng)濟(jì)比重加大,弱化所有制改革;促使金融市場(chǎng)化程度降低,弱化金融制度改革。政府干預(yù)度、國有經(jīng)濟(jì)比重過大對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長有顯著負(fù)影響,金融制度對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長有明顯正向作用。在資源開發(fā)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面作用中,資源開發(fā)弱化所有制改革進(jìn)而對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長產(chǎn)生負(fù)影響程度最大,金融制度次之,政府體制最小。最后基于以上分析,本文從制度創(chuàng)新視角為地區(qū)尤其是資源開發(fā)強(qiáng)度大的地區(qū)如何緩解資源開發(fā)帶來的負(fù)效應(yīng),促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)長期增長提出了政策建議。
[Abstract]:Economic growth is a complex process, which is essentially a process of institutional change, in which resources are used more effectively and production efficiency is improved. Natural resources, especially non-renewable resources, are essential factors to promote economic growth. Natural resources used to be regarded as a boon for economic growth, but now some scholars believe that natural resources can sometimes become a crisis in a country or region. The exploitation of natural resources will bring two kinds of effects, one is the output effect, the other is the "institutional effect", that is, the action will have direct or indirect influence on the system. This paper focuses on the problem of how the factors of institutional change influence the economic growth in the process of the degree of natural resource exploitation, and opens the "black box" of the negative effect of resource development on economic growth from various institutional levels. In this paper, the relevant literature is first combed, summarized and summarized. Then, the paper theoretically analyzes the influence mechanism of resource development on the formation and development of institution and the mechanism of institution on economic growth, which provides theoretical support for the full text. Finally, in order to get a deeper understanding of the impact path of "resource development-system-economic growth", select the panel data of 29 provinces in China from 1991 to 2014 as a sample, from the government system to ownership. Three aspects of financial system, such as the overall construction of institutional indicators, the establishment of the corresponding measurement model, in the unit root test, cointegration test, through the empirical test of inter-provincial natural resources development system, Whether the system has a significant impact on economic growth, and the extent of the impact. Through the above theoretical and empirical analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: resources development can not only directly produce positive effects on economic growth, but also produce indirect negative effects on economic growth by influencing institutions. That is, the exploitation of resources will weaken the good institution, which will not promote the economic growth, or strengthen the bad system, and aggravate the restraining effect of the bad system on the economic growth. Specifically, the increase in the intensity of resource development will promote the government's intervention in the economy, weaken the reform of the government system; promote the proportion of state-owned economy and weaken the reform of ownership; reduce the degree of financial marketization and weaken the reform of financial system. The extent of government intervention, the proportion of state-owned economy is too large has a significant negative impact on economic growth, and the financial system has a significant positive effect on economic growth. Among the negative effects of resource development on economic growth, resource exploitation weakens ownership reform and then has negative influence on economic growth, followed by financial system and government system. Finally, based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on how to alleviate the negative effects of resource development and promote the long-term economic growth in the region, especially in the regions with high intensity of resource development from the perspective of institutional innovation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D630;F124

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