供水系統(tǒng)漏損量組份的分析研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-17 15:16
【摘要】：隨著城市供水管網(wǎng)規(guī)模擴(kuò)大及對供水安全性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性要求的不斷提高,管網(wǎng)漏損控制管理越來越受到重視。結(jié)合城市供水管網(wǎng)漏損評定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的修編,研究漏損構(gòu)成中各部分的確定方法,從而為供水企業(yè)開展漏損評定和控制提供技術(shù)支撐具有很重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。我國在漏控方面與國際先進(jìn)水平存在差距,國際水協(xié)提出了一系列有關(guān)漏損控制的方法和策略,并推薦以水量平衡表為漏損分析的基礎(chǔ)工具。通過水量平衡計算,厘清漏損水量構(gòu)成,找出優(yōu)先控制目標(biāo)并制定針對性的措施。在國內(nèi)推廣應(yīng)用水量平衡表已成業(yè)內(nèi)共識,但如何結(jié)合我國供水行業(yè)技術(shù)和管理特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行應(yīng)用是需要解決的一個主要問題;同時,針對應(yīng)用過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題如何改進(jìn)管理和健全制度也很重要。研究中,采用國內(nèi)供水單位的數(shù)據(jù)資料,以修正的水平衡表對其漏損水量構(gòu)成分別進(jìn)行了解析,發(fā)現(xiàn)多數(shù)企業(yè)目前的數(shù)據(jù)資料無法支撐所需的分析,難以實(shí)現(xiàn)對漏損組分的準(zhǔn)確解析,因此,迫切需要在新的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中加以指導(dǎo)和規(guī)范。供水系統(tǒng)的漏損量可分成漏失水量、計量損失水量和其他損失水量三部分。其中,漏失水量是由管網(wǎng)不同形式的破損造成的水量損失,包括明漏、暗漏和背景漏失。明漏水量計算方法較為明確和統(tǒng)一,背景漏失水量影響權(quán)重小,而暗漏由于影響因素多且估算方法差異大,缺乏可比性,是分析研究的難點(diǎn)。研究中選擇6類國內(nèi)常用的估算暗漏水量的方法,以暗漏形態(tài)特點(diǎn)和影響因素分析為基礎(chǔ),對其適用性從理論和實(shí)際應(yīng)用方面分別進(jìn)行了分析;同時參考國外的經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出了建議的適用于常見的孔狀漏點(diǎn)的流量估算公式。由于供水管道一般埋設(shè)于土壤中,受多種環(huán)境因素影響,漏點(diǎn)周圍的壓力和流速變化很難實(shí)測。研究中還利用FLUENT軟件,對供水管道暗漏漏點(diǎn)周圍流速場、壓力場變化特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行仿真計算分析,可為暗漏漏點(diǎn)流量估算公式中參數(shù)的確定提供參考依據(jù)。計量損失水量包括計量器具誤差和計量傳遞誤差產(chǎn)生的水量損失。根據(jù)我國供水系統(tǒng)的計量體系特點(diǎn),大水量用戶(非居民用戶)表具誤差水量所占比重較大,對企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益影響也最大;此外,隨著查表入戶率的提高,居民用戶的總、分表計量傳遞誤差所產(chǎn)生的水量損失也是不可忽視的漏損控制重點(diǎn)。研究中通過在實(shí)際供水管網(wǎng)中設(shè)計的現(xiàn)場實(shí)驗(yàn):即大水量用戶現(xiàn)狀水表與高精度水表的串聯(lián)實(shí)驗(yàn)和小區(qū)居民用戶總、分表誤差檢測實(shí)驗(yàn),分別對非居民用戶表具誤差率和居民用戶總分表差率進(jìn)行了分析和測算,得出的結(jié)果為水平衡分析中計量損失水量的確定提供了試驗(yàn)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of the scale of urban water supply network and the continuous improvement of water supply safety and economic requirements, more and more attention has been paid to pipe network leakage control management. Combined with the revision of the criteria for the assessment of leakage in urban water supply networks, it is of great practical significance to study the methods of determining the components of leakage losses, so as to provide technical support for water supply enterprises to carry out leakage assessment and control. There is a gap between China and the international advanced level in leakage control. The International Water Association has put forward a series of methods and strategies about leakage control and recommended the water balance table as the basic tool for leakage analysis. Through the calculation of water balance, the composition of leakage water loss is clarified, the priority control target is found and the corresponding measures are made. It has become a consensus in the industry to popularize and apply the water balance table in China, but how to apply it in combination with the technical and management characteristics of the water supply industry in China is a major problem to be solved. It is also important to improve the management and improve the system for the problems found in the application process. In the study, using the data of domestic water supply units and the revised water balance table, the composition of leakage water volume is analyzed separately, and it is found that the current data of most enterprises can not support the needed analysis. It is difficult to accurately analyze the leakage components, so it is urgent to guide and standardize the leakage components in the new industry standards. The leakage loss of water supply system can be divided into three parts: leakage, metering and other lost water. The loss of water is caused by the damage of different forms of the pipe network, including leakage, leakage and background leakage. The calculation method of clear leakage is clear and unified, the weight of background leakage is small, but the hidden leakage is difficult to be analyzed because of many factors and large difference of estimation methods. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the dark leakage and the influencing factors, the applicability of the method is analyzed theoretically and practically, and the experience of foreign countries is also referred to, and the six kinds of methods commonly used to estimate the dark leakage in China are selected in this study, which are based on the analysis of the characteristics of the dark leakage and the influencing factors. A suggested flow estimation formula for common hole leakage points is proposed. Because the water supply pipeline is usually buried in the soil and affected by many environmental factors, the variation of pressure and velocity around the leakage point is difficult to be measured. FLUENT software is also used to simulate and analyze the variation characteristics of velocity field and pressure field around the leakage point of water supply pipeline, which can provide a reference for the determination of parameters in the formula for estimating the flow rate of hidden leakage point. Water loss includes water loss caused by measuring instrument error and metering transfer error. According to the characteristics of the metering system of water supply system in our country, the large quantity of water users (non-resident users) has a large proportion of the error water quantity, which has the greatest impact on the economic benefit of the enterprises. In addition, with the increase of the household access rate of the meter, the total number of the residents' users, The water loss caused by metering error is also the key point of leakage control. In the research, through the field experiment designed in the actual water supply network, that is, the series experiment of the water meter and the high precision water meter of the large quantity of water users and the test of the total measuring error of the residents in the residential area, the experiment of measuring the error of the meter is carried out. The error rate of non-resident user table and the difference rate of total score of resident user are analyzed and calculated respectively. The results provide the experimental basis for determining the quantity of lost water in the analysis of water balance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TU991.33
[Abstract]:With the expansion of the scale of urban water supply network and the continuous improvement of water supply safety and economic requirements, more and more attention has been paid to pipe network leakage control management. Combined with the revision of the criteria for the assessment of leakage in urban water supply networks, it is of great practical significance to study the methods of determining the components of leakage losses, so as to provide technical support for water supply enterprises to carry out leakage assessment and control. There is a gap between China and the international advanced level in leakage control. The International Water Association has put forward a series of methods and strategies about leakage control and recommended the water balance table as the basic tool for leakage analysis. Through the calculation of water balance, the composition of leakage water loss is clarified, the priority control target is found and the corresponding measures are made. It has become a consensus in the industry to popularize and apply the water balance table in China, but how to apply it in combination with the technical and management characteristics of the water supply industry in China is a major problem to be solved. It is also important to improve the management and improve the system for the problems found in the application process. In the study, using the data of domestic water supply units and the revised water balance table, the composition of leakage water volume is analyzed separately, and it is found that the current data of most enterprises can not support the needed analysis. It is difficult to accurately analyze the leakage components, so it is urgent to guide and standardize the leakage components in the new industry standards. The leakage loss of water supply system can be divided into three parts: leakage, metering and other lost water. The loss of water is caused by the damage of different forms of the pipe network, including leakage, leakage and background leakage. The calculation method of clear leakage is clear and unified, the weight of background leakage is small, but the hidden leakage is difficult to be analyzed because of many factors and large difference of estimation methods. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the dark leakage and the influencing factors, the applicability of the method is analyzed theoretically and practically, and the experience of foreign countries is also referred to, and the six kinds of methods commonly used to estimate the dark leakage in China are selected in this study, which are based on the analysis of the characteristics of the dark leakage and the influencing factors. A suggested flow estimation formula for common hole leakage points is proposed. Because the water supply pipeline is usually buried in the soil and affected by many environmental factors, the variation of pressure and velocity around the leakage point is difficult to be measured. FLUENT software is also used to simulate and analyze the variation characteristics of velocity field and pressure field around the leakage point of water supply pipeline, which can provide a reference for the determination of parameters in the formula for estimating the flow rate of hidden leakage point. Water loss includes water loss caused by measuring instrument error and metering transfer error. According to the characteristics of the metering system of water supply system in our country, the large quantity of water users (non-resident users) has a large proportion of the error water quantity, which has the greatest impact on the economic benefit of the enterprises. In addition, with the increase of the household access rate of the meter, the total number of the residents' users, The water loss caused by metering error is also the key point of leakage control. In the research, through the field experiment designed in the actual water supply network, that is, the series experiment of the water meter and the high precision water meter of the large quantity of water users and the test of the total measuring error of the residents in the residential area, the experiment of measuring the error of the meter is carried out. The error rate of non-resident user table and the difference rate of total score of resident user are analyzed and calculated respectively. The results provide the experimental basis for determining the quantity of lost water in the analysis of water balance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TU991.33
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