【摘要】：高考是國(guó)家選拔人才的途徑,也是對(duì)學(xué)生高中階段學(xué)習(xí)成果的檢測(cè)。各學(xué)科的高考試題一直是研究者們關(guān)注的重點(diǎn),化學(xué)學(xué)科的試題一向非常重視理論與實(shí)際的緊密聯(lián)系,關(guān)注與化學(xué)有關(guān)的科學(xué)技術(shù)、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,以促進(jìn)學(xué)生在知識(shí)與技能、過(guò)程與方法、情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀等方面的全面提高。近年來(lái),高考化學(xué)試題的命制一直遵循“穩(wěn)中有變,變中有新”的原則,保證命題立意科學(xué)化、能力考查多樣化、材料選擇特色化,不斷推動(dòng)高考的科學(xué)化、公正化和公平化。本研究采用文本分析法、統(tǒng)計(jì)比較法和教師訪談法,以化學(xué)圖像題為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)近五年全國(guó)大綱卷、新課標(biāo)卷及北京、上海、浙江、福建等12個(gè)省市自主命制的高考理綜試卷(化學(xué)部分)中的化學(xué)圖像題進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析和比較研究,試圖在數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)試題數(shù)量、分值和內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行定性和定量研究,探索高考化學(xué)的命題趨勢(shì),對(duì)高考化學(xué)教學(xué)和備考提供一定的數(shù)據(jù)參考。同時(shí),結(jié)合具體的高考真題典例對(duì)化學(xué)圖像題的命制技術(shù)進(jìn)行了深入探討,旨在為化學(xué)圖像題的命制和研究提供一定的技術(shù)支持。此外,針對(duì)化學(xué)圖像題的教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀對(duì)23名不同地區(qū)、不同層次的高中化學(xué)教師進(jìn)行了深入訪談,并根據(jù)訪談結(jié)果和分析提出了對(duì)應(yīng)的教學(xué)策略,希望能給高中化學(xué)教學(xué)提供一定的理論啟示。本文共包括七個(gè)部分。第一部分是緒論,主要闡述研究的緣由、現(xiàn)狀、目的、意義、內(nèi)容和方法；第二部分是對(duì)化學(xué)圖像題的概述,對(duì)相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行了界定,分析了化學(xué)圖像題的特點(diǎn)、類型和功能；第三部分是對(duì)近五年各省市、各類型高考化學(xué)圖像題的數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)和初步分析,還對(duì)綜合型化學(xué)圖像題進(jìn)行了單獨(dú)統(tǒng)計(jì)和分析；第四部分對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)從數(shù)量、分值和內(nèi)容三個(gè)維度進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)化學(xué)圖像題在高考中的比重越來(lái)越大,且圖像種類越來(lái)越多樣化,呈現(xiàn)形式越來(lái)越綜合化。第五部分結(jié)合具體高考真題典例對(duì)化學(xué)圖像題的命制技術(shù)進(jìn)行探討,發(fā)現(xiàn)高考化學(xué)圖像題的命題重點(diǎn)關(guān)注生活生產(chǎn)實(shí)際,能夠充分體現(xiàn)“能力立意”的原則,充分體現(xiàn)三維目標(biāo)的要求。第六部分是針對(duì)高中化學(xué)圖像題教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀的教師訪談和分析,并根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)分析和訪談結(jié)果提出了五條教學(xué)策略。第七部分是研究結(jié)論與反思,包括研究結(jié)論、研究啟示、研究創(chuàng)新、研究不足和研究展望。
[Abstract]:College entrance examination is not only a way to select talents, but also a test of students' learning achievement in senior high school. The college entrance examination questions of various disciplines have always been the focus of attention of researchers. The chemistry examination questions have always attached great importance to the close connection between theory and practice, and to the coordinated development of science and technology, social economy and ecological environment related to chemistry. In order to promote the students in knowledge and skills, process and methods, emotional attitudes and values and other aspects of the overall improvement. In recent years, the life system of chemical examination questions of college entrance examination has always followed the principle of "change in stability and new in change", which ensures the scientific meaning of proposition, the diversification of ability examination, the characteristic of material selection, and promotes the scientization, justice and fairness of college entrance examination. This study adopts text analysis method, statistical comparison method and teacher interview method, taking the chemical image title as the research object, taking the national outline volume, the new curriculum mark volume and Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang Province as the research objects in the recent five years. This paper makes a statistical analysis and comparative study on the chemical image questions in the college entrance examination paper (chemistry part), which is independently ordered by 12 provinces and cities in Fujian and other provinces and cities, and attempts to carry out qualitative and quantitative research on the quantity, score and content of the test questions on the basis of data statistics. This paper explores the tendency of college entrance examination chemistry proposition, and provides some data reference for college entrance examination chemistry teaching and preparation. At the same time, combining with the actual examples of the college entrance examination, the paper makes a deep discussion on the life system of chemical image questions, in order to provide certain technical support for the design and research of chemical image questions. In addition, 23 senior high school chemistry teachers from different areas and different levels were interviewed according to the present situation of chemistry image teaching, and the corresponding teaching strategies were put forward according to the interview results and analysis. Hope can provide certain theory enlightenment to chemistry teaching in senior high school. This paper consists of seven parts. The first part is the introduction, mainly elaborates the reason, the present situation, the purpose, the significance, the content and the method, the second part is the outline of the chemical image question, has carried on the definition to the related concept, has analyzed the chemical image question characteristic, the type and the function; The third part is about the data statistics and preliminary analysis of various types of chemical images of college entrance examination in recent five years, and also makes separate statistics and analysis on the comprehensive chemical image problems. The fourth part is about the quantity of data. By analyzing the three dimensions of score and content, it is found that the proportion of chemical image questions in the college entrance examination is increasing, and the types of images are becoming more and more diversified, and the form of presentation is becoming more and more comprehensive. In the fifth part, the author discusses the life system technology of chemical image questions by combining with the real examples of college entrance examination, and finds out that the proposition of chemical image questions of college entrance examination focuses on the reality of life production and can fully reflect the principle of "ability to think". Fully reflect the requirements of three-dimensional targets. The sixth part is about the teachers' interview and analysis on the current situation of chemistry picture teaching in senior high school, and puts forward five teaching strategies according to the data analysis and interview results. The seventh part is the research conclusion and reflection, including the research conclusion, the research enlightenment, the research innovation, the research insufficiency and the research prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：G633.8

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

中國(guó)期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 前3條

1 吳鑫德;唐琳;奉青;劉芬;;高中生化學(xué)問(wèn)題解決思維策略分析[J];化學(xué)教育;2008年02期

2 奉青;吳鑫德;肖小明;;高中生化學(xué)問(wèn)題解決中元認(rèn)知能力的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J];化學(xué)教育;2007年10期

3 吳鑫德,張慶林,陳向陽(yáng);思維策略訓(xùn)練對(duì)高中生化學(xué)問(wèn)題解決能力影響的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J];心理科學(xué);2004年05期

，

本文編號(hào)：2270916