【摘要】：耕地是人類發(fā)展和生存的重要基礎(chǔ)來源,是最重要的農(nóng)業(yè)資源和生產(chǎn)要素,保護(hù)耕地資源,對(duì)維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定具有重大意義。隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,耕地?cái)?shù)量持續(xù)下降,數(shù)量的下降是可見的,但質(zhì)量的下降是不可見的,只有切實(shí)提高耕地質(zhì)量,才能從根本上保障我國糧食安全。耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測工作是基于現(xiàn)有農(nóng)用地分等成果和土地資源調(diào)查,了解耕地質(zhì)量變化和耕地質(zhì)量總體狀況的重要工作。松嫩平原是東北地區(qū)重要的商品糧生產(chǎn)基地,通過對(duì)松嫩平原耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測指標(biāo)體系的研究,可作為及時(shí)掌握平原內(nèi)影響耕地質(zhì)量的限制因素及耕地質(zhì)量狀況的基礎(chǔ),這對(duì)保障國家糧食安全和未來經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展具有推進(jìn)作用。本文在文獻(xiàn)閱讀基礎(chǔ)上,界定了耕地質(zhì)量、耕地質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)、耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測等相關(guān)概念,以農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)劃理論、農(nóng)用地分等理論、人地關(guān)系等理論為基礎(chǔ),以黑龍江省松嫩平原為研究區(qū),通過分析影響耕地質(zhì)量的驅(qū)動(dòng)因素,結(jié)合研究區(qū)內(nèi)土地利用特點(diǎn)、耕作方式及區(qū)域內(nèi)影響耕地質(zhì)量的主要限制因素,綜合考慮土地規(guī)模化經(jīng)營、農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)及農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)條件,對(duì)松嫩平原構(gòu)建全面、精煉、有針對(duì)性的耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測指標(biāo)體系,研究監(jiān)測樣點(diǎn)布設(shè)方法,確定監(jiān)測指標(biāo)周期及方法,為未來耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測工作提供借鑒與參考。本文主要內(nèi)容及結(jié)論如下:(1)耕地質(zhì)量影響因素診斷與分析。以耕地質(zhì)量保護(hù)為根本目標(biāo),在明確相關(guān)概念和理論的基礎(chǔ)上,深入分析引起耕地質(zhì)量發(fā)生變化的驅(qū)動(dòng)因素。自然因素中影響耕地質(zhì)量的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素包括氣候條件、土壤性狀、地形地貌、植被覆蓋等因素;人為因素中包括土壤污染、土地利用方式的改變,隨著人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展,土地開發(fā)整理等工程、污染治理、水土保持工程以及高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)整治工程措施的實(shí)施都是對(duì)耕地質(zhì)量影響較大的驅(qū)動(dòng)因素。(2)松嫩平原耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測指標(biāo)體系構(gòu)建研究。依據(jù)農(nóng)用地分等理論,采用相關(guān)性分析和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)等方法,對(duì)農(nóng)用地分等常用選取指標(biāo)和指標(biāo)體系進(jìn)行研究和分析,為進(jìn)行耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測指標(biāo)選取時(shí)提供依據(jù)和借鑒。再將農(nóng)用地分等與耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測有效銜接,遴選出使用頻度較高的指標(biāo)包括:土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、坡度、質(zhì)地、灌排條件、土壤酸堿度值及有效土層厚度等;借鑒農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)劃分區(qū),結(jié)合研究區(qū)內(nèi)限制因素,遵循耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測指標(biāo)選取原則,對(duì)松嫩平原中東部溫和半濕潤區(qū)、松嫩平原北部溫涼半濕潤區(qū)、松嫩平原南部溫暖半干旱區(qū)、松嫩平原北部溫涼水土流失區(qū)和松嫩平原西部溫暖風(fēng)沙干旱鹽漬化區(qū)分別建立耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測指標(biāo)體系。所建立的指標(biāo)體系可有效監(jiān)測影響不同區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量的主要限制因素,為未來耕地質(zhì)量提升、高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)等工程的實(shí)施提供參考和支撐。(3)監(jiān)測樣點(diǎn)布設(shè)、監(jiān)測周期和方法研究。在分析現(xiàn)有耕地質(zhì)量監(jiān)測樣點(diǎn)布設(shè)方法的基礎(chǔ)上,得出使用潛力指數(shù)組合法布設(shè)監(jiān)測樣點(diǎn),可直觀地反映各個(gè)因素自然等別的升降影響,進(jìn)而準(zhǔn)確地反映出監(jiān)測地塊的耕地綜合質(zhì)量。通過對(duì)監(jiān)測指標(biāo)因素穩(wěn)定性分析,將指標(biāo)劃分為穩(wěn)定指標(biāo)、緩變指標(biāo)、突變指標(biāo),平衡自然和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)等因素的擾動(dòng),分析監(jiān)測指標(biāo)在時(shí)間變化尺度上的差異,借鑒并總結(jié)前人研究成果,將監(jiān)測指標(biāo)的監(jiān)測周期劃分為不定期監(jiān)測、定期監(jiān)測、年度監(jiān)測三類。在監(jiān)測方法上衡量影響耕地質(zhì)量的自然、土地利用方面等因素,根據(jù)具體指標(biāo)特性,確定不同指標(biāo)的監(jiān)測方法,具體包括模型監(jiān)測、實(shí)地調(diào)研采樣、遙感技術(shù)、土地利用調(diào)查等監(jiān)測手段和方法。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is an important source of human development and survival, is the most important agricultural resource and production factor, protects cultivated land resources, and has great significance for maintaining social stability. With the development of the society economy, the number of cultivated land is declining continuously, the decline of quantity is visible, but the decline of quality is not visible, but the quality of cultivated land can be effectively improved in order to fundamentally guarantee the food security in China. The monitoring of cultivated land quality is based on the results of existing agricultural land division and the survey of land resources, and it is important to understand the change of cultivated land quality and the overall situation of cultivated land quality. Songnen Plain is an important commodity grain production base in Northeast China. Through the study of the index system for the quality of cultivated land in Songnen Plain, it can be used as the basis for controlling the quality of cultivated land and the quality of cultivated land in the plain in a timely manner. This has a positive effect on guaranteeing national food security and the future economic development. On the basis of literature reading, this paper defines the related concepts of cultivated land quality, cultivated land quality evaluation, cultivated land quality monitoring and so on, based on the theories of agricultural zoning theory, agricultural land distribution and so on, and takes the Songnen Plain as the research area in Heilongjiang Province. Based on the analysis of the driving factors affecting the quality of cultivated land, combined with the characteristics of land use in the study area, the methods of farming and the main limiting factors affecting the quality of cultivated land in the region, the paper comprehensively considers the conditions of large-scale operation of land, the construction of farmland infrastructure and the construction of agricultural modernization. To construct a comprehensive, refined and targeted system for monitoring the quality of cultivated land in Songnen Plain, to study the method of monitoring sample points, to determine the period and method of monitoring index, and to provide reference and reference for the future cultivation of cultivated land quality. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the diagnosis and analysis of the influencing factors of cultivated land quality. Based on the clear related concepts and theories, the driving factors causing the change of cultivated land quality are deeply analyzed based on the clear related concepts and theories. The main driving factors that affect the quality of cultivated land in natural factors include climate condition, soil character, topography, vegetation cover, etc. The human factors include soil pollution, land use change, along with the development of human society, land development and arrangement and other projects, pollution control, Soil and water conservation projects and the implementation of basic farmland construction and control measures of high standards are driving factors that have great influence on the quality of cultivated land. (2) Study on the index system of cultivated land quality in Songnen Plain. According to the theory of farmland division and so on, the paper studies and analyzes the common selection indexes and index system of agricultural land, and provides the basis and reference for the selection of farmland quality monitoring index. The soil organic matter content, slope, texture, irrigation and drainage conditions, soil pH value and effective soil layer thickness, etc. are selected from the index including soil organic matter content, slope, texture, irrigation and drainage condition, soil pH value and effective soil layer thickness, etc. according to the selection principle of the quality monitoring index of the cultivated land, a warm semi-humid area in the north of the Songnen Plain, a warm and semi-humid area in the northern part of the Songnen Plain, a warm semi-arid area in the south of the Songnen Plain, In the north of Songnen Plain, the index system for monitoring the quality of cultivated land was established in the warm sand and soil erosion area in the northern part of Songnen Plain and the warm sand and sand in the west of Songnen Plain. The established index system can effectively monitor the main limiting factors that affect the quality of cultivated land in different areas, and provide reference and support for the implementation of the future cultivated land quality improvement and high standard basic farmland construction. (3) Monitoring sample point layout, monitoring period and method research. On the basis of analyzing the distribution method of the existing cultivated land quality monitoring sample points, it is concluded that using the potential index group to properly arrange the monitoring sample points can intuitively reflect the influence of various factors such as nature and the like, and further accurately reflect the comprehensive quality of the cultivated land in the monitoring land. By analyzing the stability of the monitoring index factors, the indexes are divided into stable index, slow change index, mutation index, balance natural and social economy, and the difference of the monitoring indexes on the time variation scale is analyzed, and the previous research results are used for reference and summarized. The monitoring period of the monitoring indicators is divided into three categories: irregular monitoring, regular monitoring and annual monitoring. The monitoring methods of different indexes, including model monitoring, field investigation sampling, remote sensing technology, land use survey and other monitoring methods, are determined by measuring the factors affecting the quality of cultivated land in the monitoring method, including model monitoring, field investigation sampling, remote sensing technology and land use survey.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S159.2

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