【摘要】：增程式電動(dòng)車是介于內(nèi)燃機(jī)汽車和純電動(dòng)汽車之間的一種車型,在確保續(xù)航能力以及電池壽命的基礎(chǔ)上,有效解決了汽車對石油的依賴。不僅緩解了純電動(dòng)汽車對動(dòng)力電池的依賴,又兼?zhèn)淞嘶旌蟿?dòng)力技術(shù)汽車?yán)m(xù)航里程長的優(yōu)點(diǎn),以目前的技術(shù)水平節(jié)油率就可達(dá)到40%以上,是今后汽車技術(shù)發(fā)展的一個(gè)方向。在新技術(shù)電池投放前,是一種內(nèi)燃機(jī)汽車向純電動(dòng)汽車平穩(wěn)過渡的理想車型。本課題以此為指導(dǎo),對增程式電動(dòng)碼頭牽引車動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)控制策略進(jìn)行了研究。碼頭牽引車承擔(dān)碼頭的集裝箱運(yùn)輸任務(wù),目前主要以內(nèi)燃機(jī)車型為主,造成了使用成本較高,對碼頭環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重。碼頭牽引車在港口的運(yùn)行中具有速度低,運(yùn)距短,爬坡度小,怠速時(shí)間長,列車總質(zhì)量大,轉(zhuǎn)彎啟停頻繁,24小時(shí)不間斷作業(yè)等特點(diǎn),為了降低碼頭車司機(jī)的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度內(nèi)燃機(jī)碼頭車牽引車基本上都采用液力自動(dòng)變速器,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)經(jīng)常運(yùn)行在非經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域,自動(dòng)變速器長時(shí)間變扭工作,導(dǎo)致了燃油消耗量增大、能量損失嚴(yán)重、污染加重等問題。本文首先介紹了國內(nèi)外增程式電動(dòng)汽車發(fā)展背景,分析了增程式電動(dòng)碼頭牽引車的推廣價(jià)值。以中國重汽HOVA牌碼頭牽引車為基礎(chǔ)車型,由于增程式電動(dòng)車原理決定了其匹配的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)不再是大功率、大扭矩的傳統(tǒng)大排量內(nèi)燃機(jī),功率確定之后,其發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)應(yīng)盡量選用排量小,技術(shù)先進(jìn)的,降低其本身的內(nèi)耗。根據(jù)碼頭牽引車的平均車速與參考相關(guān)資料,選擇平均車速為18km/h,可得其行駛平均功率需求約為18kW。利用增程式電動(dòng)車能量與功率相互獨(dú)立的原則確定了增程式電動(dòng)碼頭牽引車的動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)方案并對其參數(shù)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。本論文分析碼頭牽引車每天的工況和行駛里程相對固定,通過日常數(shù)據(jù)積累對碼頭車運(yùn)行狀態(tài)特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),使APU在SOC高位時(shí)就參與工作并持續(xù)運(yùn)行,采用功率恒定和功率跟隨相結(jié)合的方式,優(yōu)先滿足碼頭牽引車的平均功率需求,制定了功率恒定與功率跟隨相結(jié)合的六個(gè)控制工作狀態(tài),將APU恒功率經(jīng)濟(jì)工作點(diǎn)設(shè)定為20kW與30kW。動(dòng)力電池SOC保持平緩降低的趨勢,從而提高整車的能量利用率。本論文通過應(yīng)用Cruise軟件進(jìn)行了建模仿真,比較增程式電動(dòng)碼頭牽引車采用常規(guī)的CDCS型控制策略和本文制定的APU在SOC高位就參與工作的控制策略的優(yōu)劣。分析結(jié)果表明,油耗較傳統(tǒng)柴油機(jī)碼頭車節(jié)省了約42.8%,滿足了35L/100km的設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)指標(biāo)。本論文針對增程式電動(dòng)碼頭牽引車動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)控制策略的研究,為今后增程式電動(dòng)碼頭牽引車開發(fā)及HOVA牌柴油機(jī)碼頭牽引車改裝增程式提供了技術(shù)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Programmable electric vehicle is a kind of vehicle between internal combustion engine vehicle and pure electric vehicle. It can effectively solve the dependence of automobile on oil on the basis of ensuring the ability of life and battery life. It not only alleviates the dependence of pure electric vehicle on power battery, but also has the advantages of long range of hybrid electric vehicle. With the current technology level, the fuel saving rate can reach more than 40%, which is a direction of automotive technology development in the future. Before the new technology battery is put into use, it is an ideal vehicle for the smooth transition of internal combustion engine vehicle to pure electric vehicle. Under the guidance of this subject, the control strategy of power transmission system of extended range electric wharf tractor is studied. The container transportation task of the terminal towing vehicle is mainly diesel locomotive at present, which results in high cost of use and serious pollution to the environment of the wharf. The terminal tractor has the characteristics of low speed, short distance, small slope climbing, long idle time, large train quality, frequent turning and stopping, and 24 hours of continuous operation, etc. In order to reduce the labor intensity of the driver of the wharf, the tractor of the wharf car of the internal combustion engine basically adopts the hydraulic automatic transmission, the engine often runs in the non-economic area, the automatic transmission works for a long time and changes the torsion, which results in the increase of the fuel consumption. Serious energy loss, serious pollution and other problems. This paper first introduces the development background of extended range electric vehicle at home and abroad, and analyzes the promotion value of extended range electric wharf tractor. Based on the HOVA wharf tractor of China heavy Automobile, the matching engine is no longer a high-power, high-torque traditional large-displacement internal combustion engine, after the power is determined, because of the principle of the augmented electric vehicle. Its engine should choose small displacement, advanced technology, reduce its own internal friction. According to the average speed and reference data of the tractor, the average speed is 18 km / h, and the average power demand is about 18 kW. Based on the principle of the independence of the energy and power of the augmented electric vehicle, the scheme of the power transmission system of the extended range electric wharf tractor is determined and its parameters are designed. This paper analyzes the daily working conditions and mileage of wharf tractor is relatively fixed. Through daily data accumulation, the characteristics of wharf vehicle running state are counted, so that APU can participate in the work and run continuously when SOC is high. Based on the combination of power constant and power following, the average power requirement of the terminal tractor is first satisfied. Six control working states of power constant and power following are established, and the constant power economic working point of APU is set as 20kW and 30kW. The SOC of the power battery keeps a steady decreasing trend, thus improving the energy efficiency of the whole vehicle. Through modeling and simulation by using Cruise software, this paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of the conventional CDCS control strategy used in extended range electric wharf towing vehicle and the control strategy of APU in the high position of SOC. The analysis results show that the fuel consumption is about 42.8% less than that of the traditional diesel wharf car, which meets the design specifications of 35L/100km. In this paper, the control strategy of power transmission system of extended range electric wharf is studied, which provides the technical basis for the development of extended range electric wharf tractor and the modification of HOVA diesel terminal tractor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U469.72

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