【摘要】：1937年7月7日,全面抗戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后,河南作為華北抗戰(zhàn)的后方,南北戰(zhàn)場的樞紐,戰(zhàn)略位置進(jìn)一步提升。日軍為協(xié)助其地面軍事作戰(zhàn),破壞政府機(jī)關(guān)及摧毀資源城市,從1937年9月至1945年5月,憑借其絕對(duì)的空中優(yōu)勢,對(duì)河南全省實(shí)施了大規(guī)模的無差別轟炸。隨著日軍侵華戰(zhàn)略的不斷調(diào)整,日軍對(duì)河南的轟炸在不同年份有著不同特點(diǎn)。據(jù)此可將其分為四個(gè)階段:大規(guī)模轟炸階段(1937.09—1939.12)、輔助性轟炸階段(1940.01—1941.12)、襲擾性轟炸階段(1942.01—1943.12)、轟炸的尾聲(1944.01—1945.05)。從時(shí)間上來看,日軍的轟炸呈現(xiàn)出以個(gè)別年份為重點(diǎn),前重后輕的態(tài)勢。從地域上來看,日軍對(duì)河南的轟炸所涉范圍極廣,幾乎遍布河南全省。由于日機(jī)轟炸的無差別性和非人道性,在河南省,日軍共制造了27起屠戮河南民眾生命的慘案。慘案的發(fā)生時(shí)間主要集中在1938年,達(dá)到18起,這段時(shí)間也是日軍在河南大肆侵襲擴(kuò)張的時(shí)期。日機(jī)的狂轟濫炸,給河南造成了巨大的影響。首先,日機(jī)轟炸最直接的結(jié)果是造成了嚴(yán)重的人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。其次,日機(jī)轟炸給河南城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展也帶來了了不可忽視的影響,城鎮(zhèn)建筑物遭到毀滅性的破壞,城鎮(zhèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展受到阻礙。再者,對(duì)普通民眾的生活也造成諸多困擾,“跑警報(bào)”、“躲空襲”成為日常生活的一部分。甚至,日機(jī)的轟炸對(duì)于民眾的飲食都造成了影響。日機(jī)轟炸給民眾生活帶來嚴(yán)重干擾的同時(shí),對(duì)于民眾心理也產(chǎn)生重要影響:一方面,面對(duì)日機(jī)的轟炸,民眾心理上承受著巨大的恐慌和不安;另一方面,英勇的河南民眾在日機(jī)的轟炸中愈炸愈強(qiáng),以更加堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的決心抗擊日軍的侵略。本文主要采用計(jì)量統(tǒng)計(jì)法、比較分析法、文獻(xiàn)研究法等,在充分利用現(xiàn)有史料的基礎(chǔ)上,力求全面展現(xiàn)抗日戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期日軍轟炸河南的真實(shí)情況,進(jìn)一步完善關(guān)于日軍無差別轟炸的研究。同時(shí),深刻揭示侵華日軍在河南所犯下的慘無人道、違反人性的侵略暴行,從而更好地以史為鑒,珍愛和平。
[Abstract]:On July 7, 1937, after the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, Henan, as the rear of the War of Resistance in North China and the hub of the battlefield in the north and south, further promoted its strategic position. From September 1937 to May 1945, in order to assist its ground military operations, destroy government organs and destroy resource cities, the Japanese army carried out large-scale indiscriminate bombing on Henan province from September 1937 to May 1945. With the constant adjustment of Japanese invasion strategy, Japanese bombing of Henan has different characteristics in different years. It can be divided into four stages: the stage of large-scale bombing (1937.09-1939.12), the stage of auxiliary bombing (1940.01-1941.12), the stage of intrusive bombing (1942.01-1943.12) and the end of bombing (1944.01-1945.05). From the point of view of time, the Japanese bombing showed a focus on individual years, before heavy and light after the situation. Geographically, the Japanese bombing of Henan was widespread, almost all over Henan Province. As a result of the indiscriminate and inhuman nature of the Japanese bombing, in Henan Province, the Japanese army caused 27 massacres of Henan people's lives. The tragedy occurred mainly in 1938, reaching 18, which was also a period of Japanese invasion and expansion in Henan. The indiscriminate bombing of Japanese planes has had a great impact on Henan. First, the direct result of the Japanese bombing was heavy casualties and property damage. Secondly, the Japanese bombing has also brought the unnegligible influence to the development of cities and towns in Henan Province. The buildings in cities and towns have been destroyed and the economic development of cities and towns has been hindered. Moreover, the lives of ordinary people are also troubled, "running sirens" and "hiding from air strikes" become a part of daily life. Even the Japanese bombing had an impact on the diet of the population. At the same time, it also has an important impact on the people's psychology: on the one hand, the people are suffering from great panic and uneasiness in the face of the Japanese bombing; on the other hand, they are suffering from great panic and uneasiness in the face of the Japanese bombing; on the other hand, Heroic Henan people in the Japanese bombing the stronger, with a stronger determination to resist the Japanese invasion. This article mainly adopts the metrological statistics method, the comparative analysis method, the literature research method and so on. On the basis of making full use of the existing historical data, this paper tries to fully show the real situation of the Japanese army bombing Henan during the War of Resistance against Japan. Further improve the research on the Japanese army bombing without distinction. At the same time, it deeply reveals the inhuman and unhuman aggression committed by the Japanese invaders against China in Henan, so as to better learn from history and cherish peace.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K265

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