耕地保護的經濟補償研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-18 20:48
【摘要】：“萬物土中生,有土斯有糧�！备刈鳛橥恋刭Y源中的精華,不可再生的稀缺資源,是重要的生產、生活資料,關乎國家糧食安全、生態(tài)安全、社會穩(wěn)定和社會經濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展對耕地占用的壓力以及我國人均耕地少、耕地質量總體不高、耕地后備資源不足的基本國情決定了耕地保護的極端重要性。以往的耕地保護主要依靠的是法律和行政約束的強制性保護,缺乏對耕地保護外部性問題的關注,缺乏相關主體的激勵,嚴重挫傷了地方政府和農戶自覺保護耕地的意愿,耕地保護效果不佳。黨中央和國務院已經意識到了通過建立耕地保護激勵機制推動耕地保護工作的重要性,陸續(xù)出臺政策文件明確建立耕地保護激勵機制。四川省成都市、廣東佛山區(qū)等地也陸續(xù)開展了耕地保護經濟補償實踐。學術界針對耕地保護經濟補償問題展開熱議,已有研究探討了國家或省域層面大尺度的耕地保護補償問題,或農戶層面的微觀保護主體的耕地保護補償問題,集合區(qū)域和農戶不同層面問題透視的還較少,沒有形成耕地保護經濟補償多層面、多要素的系統(tǒng)的理論體系和研究范式。機制設計的重要理論依據,耕地資源的價值內涵不清,針對耕地價值的哪一部分進行補償存在較大的分歧。補償路徑探索多停留在理論層面的探討,缺乏區(qū)域差異性和社會經濟發(fā)展下的動態(tài)性機制設計�；谏鲜霰尘�,本研究在基于耕地保護形勢的耕地資產核算基礎上,以城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌試驗區(qū),大城市與大農村并存,人地矛盾尖銳的重慶市為例,綜合運用結構方程模型、空間數據分析、空間計量經濟分析、熵權改進的TOPSIS和CA-Markov模型等多種方法,從耕地保護經濟補償意愿、經濟補償標準、經濟補償空間時序三個方面探討耕地保護經濟補償的合理路徑,并以重慶的典型縣域進行補償方案的實證研究。本研究力圖解決“如何通過機制創(chuàng)新破解耕地保護困境”,擬通過相關成果的得出豐富耕地保護理論,為健全耕地保護經濟激勵與制約機制,完善耕地保護在內的土地管理的相關政策和法規(guī)提供相對可行的參考。主要研究結論如下:(1)我國耕地資源實物量持續(xù)下降,耕地資源價值量嚴重扭曲,耕地保護補償機制急需建立。全國耕地資源存量雖大,人均占有量卻小,存量和人均占有量持續(xù)下降。2013年,全國耕地資源存量為13516.34萬hm2,人均耕地資源占有量僅為0.099 hm2。1998年以來,我國耕地資源價值量持續(xù)增加,1998年、2001年、2004年、2007年、2010年、2013年價值量存量分別為158.45萬億元,165.56萬億元,185.41萬億元,249.55萬億元,393.32萬億元,438.97萬億元,1998-2013年間耕地資源價值量流量為280.52萬億元。發(fā)展權價值的增加量最多,其次是國家糧食安全戰(zhàn)略價值的增加量。耕地資源的理論價值與市場價值的對比表明,耕地的理論價值量遠遠大于同期耕地的市場價值量,差距主要來源于具有外部性和公共物品特性的發(fā)展權價值、國家糧食安全戰(zhàn)略價值和生態(tài)價值等。耕地資源的實物量和價值量的變化表明,兩者呈逆向變化關系,耕地資源價值的增加不僅受到耕地數量減少的驅動,人口增長,非農用地需求的改變,政府的干預以及社會經濟水平的變化等因素都可能對耕地價值的變化產生重要影響。因此,在我國耕地保護面臨的嚴峻形勢下,如何顯化耕地資源的真正價值,給予耕地保護主體補貼,才能更好地調動保護主體保護耕地的主動性和積極性。(2)不同區(qū)域、不同類型農戶的耕地保護及補償意愿具有差異性,農戶的耕地保護補償參與意愿受耕地價值變化感知、公眾認知、農戶特征和選擇傾向的影響。農戶的耕地價值認知具有明顯的階段性,同期耕地保護意愿表現出相似的漸進性。20世紀80年代農民的耕地價值感知度較低,認知的維度較為單一,認可度最高的是耕地的農業(yè)生產價值,農戶“生存小農”、“理性小農”意識使得此時的農戶耕地保護意愿最強烈。90年代,耕地的重要性相對弱化,農民對耕地的就業(yè)、養(yǎng)老保障的依賴降低,發(fā)展權價值逐步受到重視,農戶耕地保護意愿減弱。20世紀初,農戶對耕地的生態(tài)價值、發(fā)展權價值及情感價值認可度高。伴隨著農戶對耕地多維度價值的認知,農戶的耕地保護意愿較90年代有所回升。不同區(qū)域、不同類型農戶的耕地保護補償意愿具有顯著的差異性。耕地保護補償參與意愿的結構方程模型表明,農戶特征、公眾認知、農戶的耕地價值變化感知和選擇傾向對農戶的補償參與意愿均具有顯著影響。其中,勞動力人數、農業(yè)生產價值變化感知、耕地重要性認知和耕地保護經濟補償標準分別對這四類外源潛變量的解釋力度最好。公眾認知、選擇傾向和農戶特征與耕地保護經濟補償的參與意愿呈正相關關系,公眾認知對補償參與意愿的影響最大。農戶的耕地價值變化感知與補償參與意愿呈負相關關系,表明農戶感知耕地價值提高時,即使沒有補償其耕地保護意愿也會很強烈。農戶作為耕地保護最直接的參與者,經濟補償的開展必須尊重農戶意愿,以耕地保護和農戶獲益為前提。通過廣泛宣傳提升農戶對耕地重要性、嚴峻形勢和耕地保護政策的認知。擬定合理的耕地保護補償標準。在耕地保護經濟補償方式的選擇上,可在綜合考慮財政支付能力和民意的基礎上,采用現金和保險補償為主,輔以政策、技術等其他多樣化的補償方式,增加耕地保護補償的靈活性。針對區(qū)域差異下的補償意愿差異,針對重點人群,劃定重點區(qū)域。以農業(yè)生產為主業(yè)的農戶是耕地保護激勵的重點人群,以他們的意愿需求制定耕地保護補償方案,盡可能地彌補他們的“特別犧牲利益”。糧食主產區(qū)、基本農田保護區(qū)和城鄉(xiāng)結合部是耕地保護激勵的重點區(qū)域,在耕地保護的同時實現優(yōu)質耕地更好保護。(3)基于耕地資源綜合價值及分維度價值的保護補償標準存在空間分異。全市耕地綜合價值補償額度值以主城區(qū)為核心區(qū)域,沿圈層式向外遞減,至渝東北、渝東南降至最低,總體上呈現“兩圈兩翼,西高東低”的空間格局,局部區(qū)域具有典型的空間變異性,萬州和黔江地區(qū)的補償價值高于周邊區(qū)縣�？臻g關聯分析表明,耕地保護補償標準在空間上具有顯著的正相關性,即補償標準高的區(qū)縣跟補償標準高的區(qū)縣相鄰,補償標準低的區(qū)縣跟補償標準低的區(qū)縣相鄰�；诮洕鷥r值、社會價值和生態(tài)價值的分維度補償值在地理空間上表現出類似的地域分異格局,即整體上都具有渝西渝中渝東北渝東南。各類補償標準的Global Moran’s I值介于0.4025-0.8519,空間關聯性較強。為提高補償的可行性,制定耕地保護補償標準的彈性區(qū)間,即以耕地資源的發(fā)展權價值作為耕地保護補償的下限,以非市場價值作為耕地保護補償的中間值,以綜合價值作為耕地保護補償的上限,并依據不同的目的或在特定的時期分階段實行不同的耕地保護補償標準。人口、社會經濟、交通區(qū)位和農戶行為對耕地保護補償標準空間分異的計量經濟分析表明,人口因素與耕地保護補償標準空間分異具有明顯的空間集聚關系。社會經濟因素同樣表現出顯著的影響,但影響的程度存在差異,經濟密度高、投資力度大、農業(yè)現代化水平高的地區(qū)也是耕地保護補償標準的高值集聚區(qū)。這一空間集聚特征也表現在交通區(qū)位因素與耕地保護補償標準的空間關系上。農戶行為因素中,農戶經營投入行為、種植選擇行為與耕地保護補償標準的空間分異表現出顯著的空間相關性。因此,耕地保護經濟補償機制的構建應在區(qū)域耕地資源價值科學評定的基礎上,結合區(qū)域實際,制定差異化的耕地保護經濟補償標準彈性區(qū)間,提高耕地保護經濟補償針對性和有效性。(4)依據耕地保護經濟補償效率劃定耕地保護補償空間時序,在不同的區(qū)域實施差異化的補償策略。以耕地建設負荷為依據,以重慶耕地分布的37個區(qū)縣級單元為研究對象,確定了各縣域耕地保護經濟補償的優(yōu)先序,并將重慶耕地保護補償劃分為三個區(qū)域:優(yōu)先補償區(qū),次級補償區(qū)和臨界補償區(qū)。三個區(qū)域涉及的區(qū)縣分別為12個,14個和11個,占全市耕地總面積的32.36%,37.14%和30.50%。三大區(qū)域在耕地資源稟賦、區(qū)域發(fā)展定位和市級耕地建設性補償的支持力度方面均存在顯著差異。根據空間時序和區(qū)域差異性,設計耕地保護經濟補償區(qū)域協(xié)調戰(zhàn)略。耕地保護經濟補償時序上,分別設置耕地保護經濟補償的先行試點區(qū)、試點區(qū)和全面推開區(qū);在耕地保護經濟補償方式的選擇上,優(yōu)先補償區(qū)和次級補償區(qū)多為區(qū)位較好的城市近郊區(qū)域,對農戶可以現金+保險補償為主,適當配置耕地保護、現代農業(yè)的信貸優(yōu)惠政策;而次級補償區(qū)中的部分縣域及臨界補償區(qū)多為遠離重慶經濟社會政治中心的縣域,激勵性補償在以現金+保險補償為主外,適當配置技術補償,提高后備建設區(qū)的農業(yè)“造血”功能。(5)本研究構建的耕地保護經濟補償思路和關鍵技術方法合理、可行,但在不同的區(qū)域應用時應進行修正�；诟乇Ｗo經濟補償范圍變化調控、經濟補償標準差異化設計、經濟補償空間時序安排、經濟補償的農戶意愿調查的耕地保護經濟補償思路和關鍵技術方法在重慶市江津區(qū)的實證表明是合理、可行的。在耕地保護經濟補償范圍方面,借助遙感解譯技術和GIS技術動態(tài)監(jiān)測土地利用變化,利用CA-Markov模型預測未來年份的耕地保護經濟補償范圍,實現耕地保護經濟補償的動態(tài)化、精確化;在耕地保護經濟補償標準方面,基于耕地資源價值內涵重構,通過收益還原法、替代市場法等對耕地資源的分維度和綜合價值進行了評估,確定了不同區(qū)域的耕地資源不同價值的理論補償值,結合地方財政承受力確定了實際的經濟補償標準,并明晰了補償資金的來源渠道。在經濟補償的具體方式方面,依據農戶意愿調查中感知敏感的經濟補償標準、補償方式、補償依據等方面確定農戶認可度高的形式。在經濟補償的區(qū)域協(xié)調方面,依據“效率優(yōu)先”的原則優(yōu)化布局,開展全面補償和重點補償,提高經濟補償資金的使用效率和耕地保護效率。研究構建的思路和方法理清了耕地保護經濟補償過程中地方政府和農戶的利益關系,建立了耕地保護經濟補償模式。研究區(qū)域作為西南丘陵地區(qū)的典型代表,其經濟補償方案在西南丘陵地區(qū)具有很強的示范意義和推廣價值�；诟乇Ｗo經濟補償的復雜性,在應用時需要根據不同區(qū)域的不同情況進行地方財政收支能力、社會經濟發(fā)展水平等的修正。綜上所述,本文以耕地資源價值為切入點,通過重構耕地資源價值體系,核算靜態(tài)時點及連續(xù)時間序列的耕地資產價值變化,明確了耕地資源價值內涵和耕地保護經濟補償機制建立的必要性。采用農戶調查了解耕地保護經濟補償微觀主體農戶的意愿訴求,將土地價值意識納入農戶的補償參與意愿分析,增強了經濟補償設計的針對性�；诟刭Y源價值的補償標準空間分異及補償標準、范圍的時間演變,設計了差異化、動態(tài)化的耕地保護經濟補償路徑。同時,基于耕地保護補償效率的空間時序劃定及地方財政承受力的補償路徑調整,提高了耕地保護經濟補償的可行性。最終構建了基于耕地保護經濟補償范圍變化調控、經濟補償標準差異化設計、經濟補償空間時序安排、經濟補償的農戶意愿調查的系統(tǒng)的耕地保護經濟補償路徑框架,明確了各個關鍵環(huán)節(jié)的技術和方法。本文的經濟補償標準修正和分區(qū)方法如何更好地服務于地方實際,案例研究如何更好地進行理論提煉,補償重點區(qū)域如何聚焦才能更好地提升研究成果的精確性和針對性有待進一步加強,從而為政府耕地保護經濟補償政策的制定提供更為科學的依據。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is the essence of land resources, non-renewable scarce resources, is an important means of production and livelihood, related to national food security, ecological security, social stability and sustainable social and economic development. In the past, the protection of cultivated land mainly relied on the compulsory protection of law and administrative restraints, lacked attention to the externality of cultivated land protection, lacked incentives from relevant subjects, and seriously frustrated the conscious protection of local governments and farmers. The Party Central Committee and the State Council have realized the importance of promoting the protection of cultivated land by establishing the incentive mechanism for the protection of cultivated land, and have issued policy documents to establish the incentive mechanism for the protection of cultivated land. Practice. Academic circles have launched a heated discussion on the economic compensation of cultivated land protection. There have been studies on the large-scale compensation of cultivated land protection at the national or provincial level, or the compensation of cultivated land protection for the micro-protection subject at the peasant household level. There are few perspectives on different levels of collective area and peasant household, and no economic compensation for cultivated land protection has been formed. The theoretical system and research paradigm of multi-level and multi-factor system.The important theoretical basis of mechanism design,the value connotation of cultivated land resources is unclear,and there are great differences in which part of cultivated land value should be compensated.The exploration of compensation path is mainly in the theoretical level,lacking of regional differences and social and economic development. Based on the above-mentioned background, this study takes Chongqing as an example, which is a city-countryside co-existence pilot area, a big city and a big rural area, with sharp contradiction between human and land. It uses structural equation model, spatial data analysis, spatial econometric analysis, entropy weight improvement TOPSIS and CA-Ma to analyze the cultivated land assets. By using the rkov model and other methods, this paper explores the rational path of economic compensation for cultivated land protection from three aspects: the willingness of economic compensation for cultivated land protection, the standard of economic compensation, and the time sequence of economic compensation space. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The real quantity of cultivated land resources in China is declining continuously, and the value of cultivated land resources is seriously distorted. It is urgent to establish a compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection.Although the national cultivated land resources stock is large, the per capita occupancy is small, the stock and per capita occupancy continue to decline.In 2013, the national cultivated land resources stock was 135.1634 million hm2, and the per capita cultivated land resources occupancy was only 0.099 hm2.Since 1998, the value of cultivated land resources in China has increased continuously. In 2007, 2010, the value stock in 2013 was 158.45 trillion yuan, 165.56 trillion yuan, 185.41 trillion yuan, 249.55 trillion yuan, 393.32 trillion yuan, 438.97 trillion yuan, respectively. The value flow of cultivated land resources in 1998-2013 was 280.52 trillion yuan. The value of the right to development increased the most, followed by the strategic value of national food security. The comparison of theoretical value and market value of source shows that the theoretical value of cultivated land is far greater than the market value of cultivated land in the same period. The gap mainly comes from the value of development right with externality and public goods characteristics, the strategic value of national food security and ecological value. The increase of cultivated land resource value is not only driven by the decrease of cultivated land quantity, but also by the increase of population, the change of non-agricultural land demand, the intervention of government and the change of social economic level. Only by manifesting the true value of cultivated land resources and giving subsidies to cultivated land protection subjects can we better mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of protection subjects to protect cultivated land. (2) In different regions, the willingness of different types of farmers to protect cultivated land and compensate for cultivated land is different. The willingness of farmers to participate in compensation for cultivated land protection is perceived by the change of cultivated land value, public awareness, and farmers. Farmers'perception of farmland value was low in the 1980s, and the dimension of cognition was relatively single. The highest degree of recognition was the agricultural production value of farmland. In the 1990s, the importance of cultivated land was weakened, the farmers'dependence on employment and old-age security was reduced, the value of the right to development was gradually valued, and the farmers' willingness to protect cultivated land was weakened. Farmers'willingness to protect arable land has risen since 1990's. There are significant differences among different types of farmers in different regions. The structural equation model of their willingness to participate in arable land protection compensation shows that farmers' characteristics, public awareness and farmer's arable land price are different. The perception of value change and preference have significant effects on farmers'willingness to participate in compensation. Among them, the number of labor force, the perception of agricultural production value change, the recognition of farmland importance and the economic compensation standard for farmland protection have the best explanations for these four types of exogenous latent variables respectively. Farmers'perception of farmland value changes is negatively correlated with their willingness to participate in compensation, indicating that farmers' willingness to protect farmland will be strong even without compensation when they perceive farmland value increases. Participants should respect the wishes of farmers and take the protection of cultivated land and the benefit of farmers as the premise. Through extensive publicity to enhance farmers'awareness of the importance of cultivated land, the grim situation and the policy of cultivated land protection, a reasonable compensation standard for cultivated land protection should be worked out. On the basis of government's ability to pay and public opinion, cash and insurance compensation should be adopted, supplemented by policy and technology and other diversified compensation methods to increase the flexibility of cultivated land protection compensation. The main grain producing areas, the basic farmland protection areas and the urban-rural fringe are the key areas of cultivated land protection incentives, while achieving better protection of high-quality cultivated land. (3) Based on the comprehensive price of cultivated land resources. The value of cultivated land comprehensive value compensation in the whole city takes the main urban area as the core area, decreases outward along the circle layer, and reaches the northeast of Chongqing, southeast of Chongqing to the lowest. On the whole, it presents the spatial pattern of "two circles and two wings, high in the West and low in the east". The compensation value of Heqianjiang region is higher than that of surrounding counties. The spatial correlation analysis shows that the compensation standard of cultivated land protection has significant positive correlation in space, that is, the counties with high compensation standard are adjacent to those with high compensation standard, and the counties with low compensation standard are adjacent to those with low compensation standard. The global Moran's I values of various compensation standards ranged from 0.4025 to 0.8519, which had a strong spatial correlation. In order to improve the feasibility of compensation, the elastic interval of compensation standards for cultivated land protection was established. The development right value of cultivated land resources is the lower limit of cultivated land protection compensation, the non-market value is the middle value of cultivated land protection compensation, and the comprehensive value is the upper limit of cultivated land protection compensation. The econometric analysis of farmer behavior on the spatial differentiation of cultivated land protection compensation standard shows that there is an obvious spatial agglomeration relationship between population factors and the spatial differentiation of cultivated land protection compensation standard. This spatial agglomeration feature also shows the spatial relationship between traffic location factors and cultivated land protection compensation standards. Therefore, the construction of the economic compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection should be based on the scientific evaluation of the value of regional cultivated land resources, combined with regional reality, formulate the elastic range of the differential economic compensation standard for cultivated land protection, and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of the economic compensation for cultivated land protection. (4) According to the economic compensation efficiency of cultivated land protection, the cultivated land protection compensation should be defined. According to the cultivated land construction load, the priority of economic compensation for cultivated land protection in 37 districts and counties in Chongqing was determined, and the compensation for cultivated land protection in Chongqing was divided into three regions: priority compensation area, secondary compensation area and so on. The three regions are 12, 14 and 11 counties, accounting for 32.36%, 37.14% and 30.50% of the total cultivated land area of the city. There are significant differences among the three regions in terms of cultivated land resources endowment, regional development positioning and the support of constructive compensation for municipal cultivated land. In the time sequence of economic compensation for cultivated land protection, the first pilot areas and pilot areas of economic compensation for cultivated land protection were set up respectively, and the first and second compensation areas were mostly urban suburban areas with better location, and cash plus insurance was available for farmers. Compensation should be given priority to, appropriate allocation of arable land protection, and preferential credit policies for modern agriculture; while some counties in the secondary compensation area and the critical compensation area are mostly counties far from the economic, social and political center of Chongqing, incentive compensation should be mainly cash plus insurance compensation, and appropriate allocation of technical compensation to improve the agricultural "hematopoiesis" in the reserve construction area. (5) The economic compensation ideas and key technical methods of cultivated land protection constructed in this study are reasonable and feasible, but they should be revised in different regions. The economic compensation ideas and key technical methods are proved to be reasonable and feasible in Jiangjin District of Chongqing. In terms of economic compensation scope of cultivated land protection, land use change is dynamically monitored by remote sensing interpretation technology and GIS technology, and economic compensation scope of cultivated land protection in future years is predicted by CA-Markov model to realize cultivated land protection economy. In terms of the economic compensation standard for cultivated land protection, based on the reconstruction of the connotation of cultivated land resources value, the income reduction method is adopted.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F323.211
，
本文編號：2190632
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is the essence of land resources, non-renewable scarce resources, is an important means of production and livelihood, related to national food security, ecological security, social stability and sustainable social and economic development. In the past, the protection of cultivated land mainly relied on the compulsory protection of law and administrative restraints, lacked attention to the externality of cultivated land protection, lacked incentives from relevant subjects, and seriously frustrated the conscious protection of local governments and farmers. The Party Central Committee and the State Council have realized the importance of promoting the protection of cultivated land by establishing the incentive mechanism for the protection of cultivated land, and have issued policy documents to establish the incentive mechanism for the protection of cultivated land. Practice. Academic circles have launched a heated discussion on the economic compensation of cultivated land protection. There have been studies on the large-scale compensation of cultivated land protection at the national or provincial level, or the compensation of cultivated land protection for the micro-protection subject at the peasant household level. There are few perspectives on different levels of collective area and peasant household, and no economic compensation for cultivated land protection has been formed. The theoretical system and research paradigm of multi-level and multi-factor system.The important theoretical basis of mechanism design,the value connotation of cultivated land resources is unclear,and there are great differences in which part of cultivated land value should be compensated.The exploration of compensation path is mainly in the theoretical level,lacking of regional differences and social and economic development. Based on the above-mentioned background, this study takes Chongqing as an example, which is a city-countryside co-existence pilot area, a big city and a big rural area, with sharp contradiction between human and land. It uses structural equation model, spatial data analysis, spatial econometric analysis, entropy weight improvement TOPSIS and CA-Ma to analyze the cultivated land assets. By using the rkov model and other methods, this paper explores the rational path of economic compensation for cultivated land protection from three aspects: the willingness of economic compensation for cultivated land protection, the standard of economic compensation, and the time sequence of economic compensation space. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The real quantity of cultivated land resources in China is declining continuously, and the value of cultivated land resources is seriously distorted. It is urgent to establish a compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection.Although the national cultivated land resources stock is large, the per capita occupancy is small, the stock and per capita occupancy continue to decline.In 2013, the national cultivated land resources stock was 135.1634 million hm2, and the per capita cultivated land resources occupancy was only 0.099 hm2.Since 1998, the value of cultivated land resources in China has increased continuously. In 2007, 2010, the value stock in 2013 was 158.45 trillion yuan, 165.56 trillion yuan, 185.41 trillion yuan, 249.55 trillion yuan, 393.32 trillion yuan, 438.97 trillion yuan, respectively. The value flow of cultivated land resources in 1998-2013 was 280.52 trillion yuan. The value of the right to development increased the most, followed by the strategic value of national food security. The comparison of theoretical value and market value of source shows that the theoretical value of cultivated land is far greater than the market value of cultivated land in the same period. The gap mainly comes from the value of development right with externality and public goods characteristics, the strategic value of national food security and ecological value. The increase of cultivated land resource value is not only driven by the decrease of cultivated land quantity, but also by the increase of population, the change of non-agricultural land demand, the intervention of government and the change of social economic level. Only by manifesting the true value of cultivated land resources and giving subsidies to cultivated land protection subjects can we better mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of protection subjects to protect cultivated land. (2) In different regions, the willingness of different types of farmers to protect cultivated land and compensate for cultivated land is different. The willingness of farmers to participate in compensation for cultivated land protection is perceived by the change of cultivated land value, public awareness, and farmers. Farmers'perception of farmland value was low in the 1980s, and the dimension of cognition was relatively single. The highest degree of recognition was the agricultural production value of farmland. In the 1990s, the importance of cultivated land was weakened, the farmers'dependence on employment and old-age security was reduced, the value of the right to development was gradually valued, and the farmers' willingness to protect cultivated land was weakened. Farmers'willingness to protect arable land has risen since 1990's. There are significant differences among different types of farmers in different regions. The structural equation model of their willingness to participate in arable land protection compensation shows that farmers' characteristics, public awareness and farmer's arable land price are different. The perception of value change and preference have significant effects on farmers'willingness to participate in compensation. Among them, the number of labor force, the perception of agricultural production value change, the recognition of farmland importance and the economic compensation standard for farmland protection have the best explanations for these four types of exogenous latent variables respectively. Farmers'perception of farmland value changes is negatively correlated with their willingness to participate in compensation, indicating that farmers' willingness to protect farmland will be strong even without compensation when they perceive farmland value increases. Participants should respect the wishes of farmers and take the protection of cultivated land and the benefit of farmers as the premise. Through extensive publicity to enhance farmers'awareness of the importance of cultivated land, the grim situation and the policy of cultivated land protection, a reasonable compensation standard for cultivated land protection should be worked out. On the basis of government's ability to pay and public opinion, cash and insurance compensation should be adopted, supplemented by policy and technology and other diversified compensation methods to increase the flexibility of cultivated land protection compensation. The main grain producing areas, the basic farmland protection areas and the urban-rural fringe are the key areas of cultivated land protection incentives, while achieving better protection of high-quality cultivated land. (3) Based on the comprehensive price of cultivated land resources. The value of cultivated land comprehensive value compensation in the whole city takes the main urban area as the core area, decreases outward along the circle layer, and reaches the northeast of Chongqing, southeast of Chongqing to the lowest. On the whole, it presents the spatial pattern of "two circles and two wings, high in the West and low in the east". The compensation value of Heqianjiang region is higher than that of surrounding counties. The spatial correlation analysis shows that the compensation standard of cultivated land protection has significant positive correlation in space, that is, the counties with high compensation standard are adjacent to those with high compensation standard, and the counties with low compensation standard are adjacent to those with low compensation standard. The global Moran's I values of various compensation standards ranged from 0.4025 to 0.8519, which had a strong spatial correlation. In order to improve the feasibility of compensation, the elastic interval of compensation standards for cultivated land protection was established. The development right value of cultivated land resources is the lower limit of cultivated land protection compensation, the non-market value is the middle value of cultivated land protection compensation, and the comprehensive value is the upper limit of cultivated land protection compensation. The econometric analysis of farmer behavior on the spatial differentiation of cultivated land protection compensation standard shows that there is an obvious spatial agglomeration relationship between population factors and the spatial differentiation of cultivated land protection compensation standard. This spatial agglomeration feature also shows the spatial relationship between traffic location factors and cultivated land protection compensation standards. Therefore, the construction of the economic compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection should be based on the scientific evaluation of the value of regional cultivated land resources, combined with regional reality, formulate the elastic range of the differential economic compensation standard for cultivated land protection, and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of the economic compensation for cultivated land protection. (4) According to the economic compensation efficiency of cultivated land protection, the cultivated land protection compensation should be defined. According to the cultivated land construction load, the priority of economic compensation for cultivated land protection in 37 districts and counties in Chongqing was determined, and the compensation for cultivated land protection in Chongqing was divided into three regions: priority compensation area, secondary compensation area and so on. The three regions are 12, 14 and 11 counties, accounting for 32.36%, 37.14% and 30.50% of the total cultivated land area of the city. There are significant differences among the three regions in terms of cultivated land resources endowment, regional development positioning and the support of constructive compensation for municipal cultivated land. In the time sequence of economic compensation for cultivated land protection, the first pilot areas and pilot areas of economic compensation for cultivated land protection were set up respectively, and the first and second compensation areas were mostly urban suburban areas with better location, and cash plus insurance was available for farmers. Compensation should be given priority to, appropriate allocation of arable land protection, and preferential credit policies for modern agriculture; while some counties in the secondary compensation area and the critical compensation area are mostly counties far from the economic, social and political center of Chongqing, incentive compensation should be mainly cash plus insurance compensation, and appropriate allocation of technical compensation to improve the agricultural "hematopoiesis" in the reserve construction area. (5) The economic compensation ideas and key technical methods of cultivated land protection constructed in this study are reasonable and feasible, but they should be revised in different regions. The economic compensation ideas and key technical methods are proved to be reasonable and feasible in Jiangjin District of Chongqing. In terms of economic compensation scope of cultivated land protection, land use change is dynamically monitored by remote sensing interpretation technology and GIS technology, and economic compensation scope of cultivated land protection in future years is predicted by CA-Markov model to realize cultivated land protection economy. In terms of the economic compensation standard for cultivated land protection, based on the reconstruction of the connotation of cultivated land resources value, the income reduction method is adopted.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F323.211
，
本文編號：2190632
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