【摘要】：進入21世紀(jì)后,我國經(jīng)濟飛速發(fā)展。但隨著國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,發(fā)展速度變緩,GDP增長率由2010年的10.4%下降到了2016年的6.7%,經(jīng)濟發(fā)展形勢不容樂觀。再加上目前我國很多的行業(yè)都存在產(chǎn)能過剩的問題,很多領(lǐng)域相應(yīng)資源投入并不能變成產(chǎn)出,存在嚴(yán)重的浪費現(xiàn)象。在這種背景下,效率問題的研究就顯得非常有必要。而政府投資作為一項基礎(chǔ)的社會性投資,對于經(jīng)濟的促進作用不言而喻。在當(dāng)前規(guī)模經(jīng)濟效應(yīng)越來越明顯,地區(qū)之間的經(jīng)濟交流也越來越頻繁的情況下,本文將以全國三十個省市區(qū)為研究對象,先使用DEA模型測算出2010-2015年間全國三十個省市區(qū)地方政府的綜合投資效率得分值,然后再使用一般Tobit模型分析影響地方政府投資效率的因素,進而再考慮地理空間因素,使用空間Tobit模型分析影響地方政府投資效率的因素,依據(jù)分析得出的結(jié)果為全國各地的地方政府如何提高投資效率建言獻策。首先通過研讀相關(guān)文獻,依據(jù)相關(guān)理論,構(gòu)建地方政府投資效率得分評價指標(biāo)體系,然后基于DEA模型測算出2010-2015年各個省市區(qū)的投資效率值,實證結(jié)果顯示:在研究時間段內(nèi)每個地方政府的投資效率得分值每年都會變動。綜合效率得分值等于1的省市區(qū)比較少,說明各個地方政府的資源投入和產(chǎn)出不是完全匹配的,投資存在不少的浪費。這些研究結(jié)果表明了研究地方政府投資效率的重要性和必要性。其次,發(fā)現(xiàn)在不同的時間段,各個地方政府的投資效率都是不同的,為了驗證投資效率形成差異的原因。接下來使用一般Tobit模型對地方政府投資效率的影響因素進行實證分析,分析結(jié)果顯示:投資效率主要受技術(shù)進步、地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、地區(qū)市場特征這三個方面影響。從這些研究結(jié)果可以得出,提高技術(shù)、加大創(chuàng)新、提高勞動生產(chǎn)率、控制投入和加強監(jiān)管等措施可以提高政府投資效率。再次,由于發(fā)現(xiàn)地方政府投資效率之間存在地域性差異,進一步考慮空間因素對于投資效率的影響。通過對Moran’s I指數(shù),LM統(tǒng)計量等一系列的檢驗,得出了地方政府投資效率之間存在正向的空間相關(guān)性。然后使用空間效應(yīng)下的Tobit模型分析影響地方政府投資效率的原因,得出了如下結(jié)論:地方政府投資效率不僅受技術(shù)進步、地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、地區(qū)市場特征這三方面因素影響還和空間經(jīng)濟因素有很大的關(guān)系。技術(shù)進步可以提高勞動生產(chǎn)力、優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),提升規(guī)模效率。產(chǎn)業(yè)升級具有溢出效應(yīng),溢出效應(yīng)可以提高地方政府的投資效率,所以相關(guān)政府部門應(yīng)該加大產(chǎn)業(yè)升級力度。同時政府投資應(yīng)該簡化決策流程,控制成本,并同時加大教育方面的投入,適當(dāng)?shù)囊M人才,提升國民技術(shù)水平和創(chuàng)新精神。同時政府在城鎮(zhèn)化的建設(shè)過程中,前期需要調(diào)研,規(guī)劃、防止資源錯配,注重效率的提高。各個相鄰政府之間應(yīng)該提升市場潛能,提升區(qū)域間要素的流動性,形成規(guī)模經(jīng)濟、互幫互助,提高各個地方政府的投資效率。最后,在總結(jié)全文的基礎(chǔ)上,提出提升地方政府投資效率的對策與建議。
[Abstract]:After entering twenty-first Century, China's economy developed rapidly. However, with the adjustment of the domestic economic structure, the speed of development slowed, the growth rate of GDP decreased from 10.4% in 2010 to 6.7% in 2016. The economic development situation was not optimistic. In addition, many industries in our country now have the question of overcapacity, and the corresponding resource input in many fields can not be turned into production. There is a serious waste phenomenon. In this context, the research of efficiency is very necessary. And the role of government investment as a foundation of social investment is self-evident. In the current scale economic effect is more and more obvious, the economic exchange between regions is more and more frequent, this article will be Taking thirty provinces and municipalities in China as the research object, the DEA model is used to calculate the overall investment efficiency score of the local governments of thirty provinces and municipalities in the past 2010-2015 years, and then the general Tobit model is used to analyze the factors that affect the efficiency of local government investment, and then the spatial factors are considered, and the spatial Tobit model is used to analyze the impact of the factors. The factors of local government investment efficiency are based on the results of the analysis. First of all, the evaluation index system of local government investment efficiency is constructed by studying relevant literature and based on relevant theories, and then based on the DEA model to calculate the investment of every province and city in 2010-2015 years. The results show that each local government's investment efficiency score changes every year in the study period. The overall efficiency score is equal to 1 of the provincial and urban areas, which shows that the local government's resources and output are not completely matched, and the investment has not little waste. These results show the research area. The importance and necessity of the efficiency of government investment. Secondly, it is found that the investment efficiency of each local government is different in different time periods. In order to verify the reasons for the difference of investment efficiency, the influence factors of local government investment efficiency are empirically analyzed using the general Tobit model, and the results show that the efficiency of investment is: investment efficiency It is mainly influenced by the three aspects of technological progress, regional industrial structure and regional market characteristics. From the results of these studies, it can be concluded that improving technology, increasing innovation, increasing labor productivity, controlling investment and strengthening supervision can improve the efficiency of government investment. Again, there is a regional difference between the local government investment efficiency and the discovery of local government investment efficiency. The effect of spatial factors on investment efficiency is further considered. Through a series of tests on Moran 's I index and LM statistics, the positive spatial correlation exists between the investment efficiency of local government and the Tobit model under the effect of space effect is used to analyze the reasons for the efficiency of local government investment, and the following conclusions are drawn: The investment efficiency of local government is not only influenced by the three factors such as technological progress, regional industrial structure and regional market characteristics, but also has a great relationship with the spatial economic factors. Technology progress can improve labor productivity, optimize industrial structure and improve scale efficiency. Industrial upgrading has spillover effect and spillover effect can improve local government. Investment efficiency, so the relevant government departments should increase the strength of industrial upgrading. At the same time, government investment should simplify the decision-making process, control the cost, and increase the investment in education, appropriately introduce talents, improve the national technical level and innovation spirit. Meanwhile, the government needs research, planning and prevention in the process of urbanization. Resources mismatch, pay attention to the improvement of efficiency. Each neighboring government should enhance the market potential, enhance the liquidity of the interregional elements, form a scale economy, help each other, improve the investment efficiency of the local governments. Finally, on the basis of the full text, the paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the improvement of the investment efficiency of the government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F812.45

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