老年人長期護(hù)理需求的差異性研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-14 09:40
【摘要】：我國老年人失能狀況嚴(yán)重,老年人口健康狀況不容樂觀,老年人長期護(hù)理服務(wù)需求持續(xù)上升。因此,了解我國老年人長期護(hù)理需求的差異性,對(duì)于在全國范圍內(nèi)合理配置長期護(hù)理服務(wù)資源及提供長期護(hù)理服務(wù)以滿足老年人長期護(hù)理需求,保障老年人晚年生活質(zhì)量,構(gòu)建健康老齡化社會(huì)具有重要意義。本論文從地區(qū)和時(shí)間兩個(gè)角度對(duì)老年人長期護(hù)理需求的差異性進(jìn)行研究。在地區(qū)差異方面,通過選取2010年第六次人口普查數(shù)據(jù)及各地區(qū)人口統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),采用SPSS聚類分析方法和統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法對(duì)各地區(qū)老年人失能率和失能規(guī)模進(jìn)行了比較分析。結(jié)果顯示:(1)需要護(hù)理的老年人比例地區(qū)差異大。根據(jù)老年人失能率、老年人口撫養(yǎng)比、人口老齡化程度、地區(qū)GDP所占比重和人均GDP五個(gè)指標(biāo)得出六類聚類地區(qū),這六類地區(qū)老年人口特征各不同。除了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平不同,地區(qū)間醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生資源分配不平衡、人口政策執(zhí)行力度不同、社會(huì)環(huán)境變化等諸多因素都是差異形成的原因。(2)需要護(hù)理的老年人規(guī)模地區(qū)差異大。根據(jù)各地區(qū)老年人失能率計(jì)算各地區(qū)失能老年人數(shù)量,得出我國失能老人基數(shù)大,且分布地區(qū)復(fù)雜。在時(shí)間差異方面,選取北京大學(xué)老齡健康與家庭研究中心2008年和2011年全國老年人口健康狀況調(diào)查項(xiàng)目(CLHLS)數(shù)據(jù),通過統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法將2008年與2011年老年人失能狀況分別從整體功能、性別、年齡、等級(jí)等方面進(jìn)行比較分析和評(píng)價(jià)。評(píng)價(jià)顯現(xiàn):(1)與2008年相比,2011年老年人整體失能率上升,各項(xiàng)功能活動(dòng)失能率都有所上升;2011年分性別、年齡、城鄉(xiāng)老年人各項(xiàng)功能活動(dòng)障礙率相較于2008年均有所增加,老年人整體健康狀況惡化。(2)與2008年相比,2011年老年人各項(xiàng)生活自理能力喪失的比例增大,其中洗澡這一功能完全喪失的老年人上升幅度最大;分項(xiàng)數(shù)生活自理能力喪失的比例上升;分年齡老年人失能率上升,高齡老年人上升幅度大;分性別老年人失能率上升,女性高齡老年人失能率增加幅度顯著;分城鄉(xiāng)老年人失能率上升,農(nóng)村老年人失能率高于城鎮(zhèn)老年人。(3)輕中度失能老年人在老年人總體中所占比重最高,并隨著時(shí)間變化上下波動(dòng)。而重度失能老年人所占比重處于上升態(tài)勢,這意味著重度失能老年人規(guī)模在擴(kuò)大,而這部分老年人對(duì)老年人長期護(hù)理的需求最迫切。最后,就應(yīng)對(duì)老年人長期護(hù)理需求的差異性提出幾點(diǎn)對(duì)策建議:(1)推行長期護(hù)理資源規(guī)劃。在失能率高的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的北京、天津、上海等地區(qū)發(fā)展機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)老服務(wù),在失能規(guī)模大的四川、河南、山東等中西部地區(qū)發(fā)展“醫(yī)養(yǎng)融合”機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)老,在少數(shù)民族偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)推行滿足其實(shí)際需求的特色護(hù)理模式以及依托社區(qū)和社會(huì)的力量縮小城鄉(xiāng)護(hù)理資源差異等。(2)探索長期護(hù)理發(fā)展策略。時(shí)間上,中高年齡段、女性失能老年人口在全部失能老年人口中占比較大且逐年增加。為應(yīng)對(duì)失能老年人日益高齡化、女性化和重度失能化,推行“以老養(yǎng)老”護(hù)理模式、改善老年居住環(huán)境、夯實(shí)家庭養(yǎng)老護(hù)理功能等。(3)打破長期護(hù)理資金困境。無論地區(qū)或時(shí)間的差異,面臨越來越沉重的養(yǎng)老負(fù)擔(dān),長期護(hù)理資金困境亟待解決。長期護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)制度有待進(jìn)一步探索和建立。
[Abstract]:The disability status of the elderly in our country is serious, the health status of the elderly population is not optimistic, and the demand for long-term care service for the elderly continues to rise. Therefore, to understand the difference of the long-term care demand for the elderly in China, the rational allocation of long-term nursing service resources and long-term nursing service in the whole country to meet the long-term care needs of the elderly people. It is of great significance to ensure the old people's quality of life in their later years and to build a healthy aging society. This paper studies the differences of the long-term care needs of the elderly from two aspects of region and time. In terms of regional differences, the sixth census data of 2010 and the population statistics of various regions are selected, and the SPSS cluster analysis is adopted. The results showed that (1) the proportion of elderly people in need of nursing was very different. According to the disability rate of the elderly, the rearing ratio of the aged, the aging degree of the population, the proportion of GDP in the region and the five indexes of per capita GDP, the six clustering areas were obtained, which six The characteristics of the elderly population are different. In addition to the different economic development level, the distribution of medical and health resources is not balanced, the implementation of the population policy is different, the social environment changes are the reasons for the difference. (2) the old people in need of nursing are different. The number of disabled elderly people in the area has been found that the number of disabled elderly in China is large and the distribution area is complex. In terms of time difference, the data of the national health and health status survey project (CLHLS) of the National Center for aging health and family research of Peking University in 2008 and 2011 are selected, and the disability status of the elderly in 2008 and 2011 is respectively analyzed by statistical analysis. From the overall function, gender, age, grade and other aspects, the evaluation showed that: (1) compared with 2008, the overall disability rate of the elderly increased in 2011 and the disability rate of various functional activities increased. In 2011, the gender, age, and the rate of functional activity barriers of the elderly people in urban and rural areas were all increased compared to 2008, and the elderly were whole. Body health deteriorated. (2) compared with 2008, the proportion of elderly people who lost their self-care ability increased in 2011, of which the elderly people who had completely lost the function of bathing were the biggest; the proportion of the separate number of life self-care ability was increased; the age of age and seniors increased, the age of old and old people increased greatly; gender seniors were older. The inability rate of the elderly increased significantly, the rate of disability increased significantly in the elderly and the elderly, and the disability rate of the elderly in urban and rural areas was higher than that of the old people in the town. (3) the proportion of the elderly in the elderly was the highest in the elderly, and with the change of time, the proportion of the elderly was in the upper part. This means that the scale of elderly people with severe disability is expanding, and this part of the elderly has the most urgent need for long-term care for the elderly. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to deal with the differences of the long-term care needs of the elderly: (1) the implementation of long-term nursing resource planning. In the economically developed Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other areas with high disability rates To develop the old-age service for the elderly in Sichuan, Henan, Shandong and other central and western regions in the middle and western regions of China, to develop the pension system in the central and western regions, such as the central and western regions of Shandong, and to carry out the characteristic nursing mode to meet its actual needs in the remote minority areas and to reduce the differences of urban and rural nursing resources depending on the community and society. (2) explore the long-term nursing development strategy. In time, middle and high age, female disabled elderly population is larger and increasing year by year in all the disabled elderly population. In order to cope with the aging of the elderly, feminization and severe disability, the implementation of "old care" nursing mode, improve the elderly living environment, rammed family nursing function, and so on. (3) break the long-term nursing capital. No matter the difference in region or time, the burden of pension is getting heavier and heavier, and the long-term care fund dilemma is urgently to be solved. The long-term care insurance system needs to be further explored and established.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D669.6
本文編號(hào)：2121246
[Abstract]:The disability status of the elderly in our country is serious, the health status of the elderly population is not optimistic, and the demand for long-term care service for the elderly continues to rise. Therefore, to understand the difference of the long-term care demand for the elderly in China, the rational allocation of long-term nursing service resources and long-term nursing service in the whole country to meet the long-term care needs of the elderly people. It is of great significance to ensure the old people's quality of life in their later years and to build a healthy aging society. This paper studies the differences of the long-term care needs of the elderly from two aspects of region and time. In terms of regional differences, the sixth census data of 2010 and the population statistics of various regions are selected, and the SPSS cluster analysis is adopted. The results showed that (1) the proportion of elderly people in need of nursing was very different. According to the disability rate of the elderly, the rearing ratio of the aged, the aging degree of the population, the proportion of GDP in the region and the five indexes of per capita GDP, the six clustering areas were obtained, which six The characteristics of the elderly population are different. In addition to the different economic development level, the distribution of medical and health resources is not balanced, the implementation of the population policy is different, the social environment changes are the reasons for the difference. (2) the old people in need of nursing are different. The number of disabled elderly people in the area has been found that the number of disabled elderly in China is large and the distribution area is complex. In terms of time difference, the data of the national health and health status survey project (CLHLS) of the National Center for aging health and family research of Peking University in 2008 and 2011 are selected, and the disability status of the elderly in 2008 and 2011 is respectively analyzed by statistical analysis. From the overall function, gender, age, grade and other aspects, the evaluation showed that: (1) compared with 2008, the overall disability rate of the elderly increased in 2011 and the disability rate of various functional activities increased. In 2011, the gender, age, and the rate of functional activity barriers of the elderly people in urban and rural areas were all increased compared to 2008, and the elderly were whole. Body health deteriorated. (2) compared with 2008, the proportion of elderly people who lost their self-care ability increased in 2011, of which the elderly people who had completely lost the function of bathing were the biggest; the proportion of the separate number of life self-care ability was increased; the age of age and seniors increased, the age of old and old people increased greatly; gender seniors were older. The inability rate of the elderly increased significantly, the rate of disability increased significantly in the elderly and the elderly, and the disability rate of the elderly in urban and rural areas was higher than that of the old people in the town. (3) the proportion of the elderly in the elderly was the highest in the elderly, and with the change of time, the proportion of the elderly was in the upper part. This means that the scale of elderly people with severe disability is expanding, and this part of the elderly has the most urgent need for long-term care for the elderly. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to deal with the differences of the long-term care needs of the elderly: (1) the implementation of long-term nursing resource planning. In the economically developed Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other areas with high disability rates To develop the old-age service for the elderly in Sichuan, Henan, Shandong and other central and western regions in the middle and western regions of China, to develop the pension system in the central and western regions, such as the central and western regions of Shandong, and to carry out the characteristic nursing mode to meet its actual needs in the remote minority areas and to reduce the differences of urban and rural nursing resources depending on the community and society. (2) explore the long-term nursing development strategy. In time, middle and high age, female disabled elderly population is larger and increasing year by year in all the disabled elderly population. In order to cope with the aging of the elderly, feminization and severe disability, the implementation of "old care" nursing mode, improve the elderly living environment, rammed family nursing function, and so on. (3) break the long-term nursing capital. No matter the difference in region or time, the burden of pension is getting heavier and heavier, and the long-term care fund dilemma is urgently to be solved. The long-term care insurance system needs to be further explored and established.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D669.6
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