本文選題：小微企業(yè) + 融資困境�。� 參考：《江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：小微企業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中重要的地位不言而喻,盡管近兩年來出臺了多項(xiàng)利好小微企業(yè)發(fā)展的政策,但實(shí)際上小微企業(yè)的生存狀況依然相當(dāng)嚴(yán)峻,融資難已經(jīng)成為欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)小微企業(yè)發(fā)展的“瓶頸”,嚴(yán)重影響了小微企業(yè)的發(fā)展和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的振興。本文在調(diào)查中,先后走訪了江西省中小企業(yè)局、撫州市工信委等政府部門,了解江西省小微企業(yè)發(fā)展總體情況,獲取相關(guān)的第一手?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)。在對江西省小微企業(yè)總體情況的分析中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn):從整體來看,江西省小微企業(yè)的資金量小,沒有良好的基礎(chǔ),若有融資需求,融資的難度也較大。從區(qū)域來看,南昌、九江、贛州三地市的小微企業(yè)綜合實(shí)力較強(qiáng),除此之外,宜春、吉安、萍鄉(xiāng)三地市的小微企業(yè)的利潤情況較高。從產(chǎn)業(yè)來看,輕工業(yè)增速比重工業(yè)的增速要高。從在全省經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響來看,規(guī)下小微企業(yè)增加值占全省GDP的4%左右,規(guī)上中小微企業(yè)占比33%,總體來說,小微企業(yè)的占比情況較低。從在中部六省的對比來看,江西省小微企業(yè)的主營業(yè)務(wù)收入、增加值和利稅總額的增速在中部六省位居中游水平。同時,本文以江西省四市(南昌、九江、贛州、撫州)的小微企業(yè)為調(diào)查對象,進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)研,發(fā)放問卷360份,實(shí)際有效回收問卷310份,在占有翔實(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)資料情況下,采用統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件SPSS19.0,對收集的問卷數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析、因子分析,并從企業(yè)、金融機(jī)構(gòu)、宏觀環(huán)境政策三個維度對江西省小微企業(yè)融資難因素進(jìn)行分析。實(shí)證結(jié)果表明:從企業(yè)角度上看,江西省小微企業(yè)融資難主要表現(xiàn)在企業(yè)缺乏有效擔(dān)保、財(cái)務(wù)披露制度不健全導(dǎo)致融資方式單一;從銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu)角度看,融資難主要表現(xiàn)在貸款利率過高和信息不透明上;從宏觀政策上看,融資難主要變現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)業(yè)政策扶助不夠和信貸體系不健全上。進(jìn)一步將指標(biāo)細(xì)化成12個分項(xiàng)因子進(jìn)行主成分分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)對江西省小微企業(yè)而言,宏觀政策環(huán)境相對于企業(yè)自身和融資機(jī)構(gòu),對融資的影響更大一些。因此,解決江西省小微企業(yè)融資難,應(yīng)從從企業(yè)自身、融資機(jī)構(gòu)、國家政策三個方面入手。企業(yè)應(yīng)該建立起現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度,提高自身資信水平,豐富企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)信息披露的渠道;金融機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該加大金融服務(wù)力度,促進(jìn)金融產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新;更重要的是,政府應(yīng)該加大對小微企業(yè)的政策傾斜與扶持力度,搭建融資服務(wù)平臺,健全完備的小微企業(yè)信貸體系,推動民間借貸陽光化,合理化,制度化。
[Abstract]:It goes without saying that small and micro enterprises play an important role in the national economy. Although many policies have been issued in the past two years to promote the development of small and micro enterprises, in fact, the survival conditions of small and micro enterprises are still quite severe. The difficulty of financing has become the bottleneck of the development of small and micro enterprises in underdeveloped areas, which has seriously affected the development of small and micro enterprises and the revitalization of regional economy. In this paper, we have visited the small and medium-sized enterprises bureau of Jiangxi Province, Fuzhou City, and other government departments, to understand the overall development of small and micro enterprises in Jiangxi Province, to obtain the relevant first-hand data. In the analysis of the overall situation of the small and micro enterprises in Jiangxi Province, we find that the small and micro enterprises in Jiangxi Province have a small amount of capital and no good foundation, and if there is a need for financing, it is difficult to raise funds. From the regional point of view, Nanchang, Jiujiang, Ganzhou three cities of small and micro enterprises comprehensive strength is stronger, in addition, Yichun, Ji'an, Pingxiang three cities of small and micro enterprises profit situation is higher. From the point of view of industry, the growth rate of light industry is higher than the growth rate of heavy industry. According to the economic influence of the whole province, the added value of small and micro enterprises accounts for about 4% of the province's GDP, and the proportion of small and medium-sized enterprises is 33%. In general, the proportion of small and micro enterprises is low. From the comparison of six provinces in central China, the growth rate of the main business income, added value and total profit and tax of the small and micro enterprises in Jiangxi Province is in the middle reaches of the six central provinces. At the same time, this paper takes the small and micro enterprises in four cities of Jiangxi Province (Nanchang, Jiujiang, Ganzhou and Fuzhou) as the investigation object, carries on the field investigation, distributes 360 questionnaires, effectively retrieves 310 questionnaires, under the condition of possessing the full and accurate data, The statistical software SPSS 19.0 was used to analyze the questionnaire data from three dimensions: enterprise, financial institution and macro environmental policy. The factors of financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises in Jiangxi Province were analyzed from three dimensions: enterprise, financial institution and macro environmental policy. The empirical results show that: from the enterprise point of view, the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises in Jiangxi Province are mainly reflected in the lack of effective guarantee, the lack of sound financial disclosure system leads to a single financing mode; from the point of view of banking financial institutions, The difficulty of financing is mainly reflected in the high interest rate of loan and the opacity of information. From the macro policy point of view, the difficulty of financing mainly changes the current industrial policy support is not enough and the credit system is not perfect. The index is further refined into 12 sub-factors for principal component analysis, we find that for small and micro enterprises in Jiangxi Province, the macro policy environment has a greater impact on financing than the enterprises themselves and financing institutions. Therefore, to solve the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises in Jiangxi Province, we should start from three aspects: enterprises themselves, financing institutions and national policies. Enterprises should establish a modern enterprise system, improve their credit level and enrich the channels for disclosure of financial information; financial institutions should strengthen financial services to promote innovation in financial products; and, more importantly, The government should increase the policy inclination and support to small and micro enterprises, set up financing service platform, perfect the credit system of small and micro enterprises, and promote the sunshine, rationalization and institutionalization of private lending.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F276.3;F832.4

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