本文選題：氯乙烯合成 + 高沸物��； 參考：《北京化工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：在氯化氫與乙炔的合成反應(yīng)中,因有機(jī)反應(yīng)的特性,除生成氯乙烯外,還生成二氯乙烷等,相對(duì)于氯乙烯沸點(diǎn)較高的物質(zhì),通過(guò)氯乙烯精餾塔,進(jìn)行分離后的重組分統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為“高沸物”,在原有的工藝設(shè)計(jì)中,“高沸物”通常作為一種工業(yè)副產(chǎn)品出售給有危廢物處理資質(zhì)的廠家,再通過(guò)其進(jìn)一步的生產(chǎn)加工回收利用。隨著國(guó)家對(duì)危廢物和環(huán)保要求越來(lái)越高,企業(yè)對(duì)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)、清潔工廠的要求不斷提高,化工廠生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的各種廢棄資源也得以循環(huán)利用�！案叻形铩边@種極具再利用價(jià)值的工業(yè)副產(chǎn)品也得到充分利用�！案叻形铩钡慕M成主要以二氯乙烷和氯乙烯為主,其中二氯乙烷含量為40-50%左右,氯乙烯含量在50-60%左右。二氯乙烷對(duì)于涂料、紡織等行業(yè)是一種很好的工業(yè)溶劑,具有很高的商業(yè)用途潛質(zhì),氯乙烯是生產(chǎn)各種聚氯乙烯樹(shù)脂的原始材料。以上兩者都具有很高的實(shí)用經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。所以“高沸物”的提純項(xiàng)目,其經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和環(huán)保環(huán)境效益均十分搶眼,也受到國(guó)家推崇獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。中泰化學(xué)現(xiàn)有兩個(gè)聚氯乙烯生產(chǎn)廠區(qū),年產(chǎn)“高沸物”4000噸左右。通過(guò)對(duì)“高沸物”連續(xù)的質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè),統(tǒng)計(jì)出各廠區(qū)“高沸物”的組成情況和產(chǎn)量情況。并收集與提純?cè)O(shè)計(jì)有關(guān)的設(shè)備參數(shù)和工藝參數(shù)。最終通過(guò)模擬計(jì)算,在選用DN16金屬鮑爾環(huán)作為填料的前提下,確定精餾塔直徑500mm,填料高度8米,等效塔板高度0.4米,理論塔板數(shù)20層,塔頂冷凝溫度控制在10.21℃,塔底再沸器控制在75.74℃,進(jìn)料速度913.24kg/h,進(jìn)料位置距離塔頂5.6米,操作壓力3.5atm。通過(guò)運(yùn)行后不斷的優(yōu)化操作流程及參數(shù),前期分離出的二氯乙烷較為清澈,后期顏色偏黃偏綠,但是成份并未發(fā)生變化,同時(shí)分離塔的上下阻力有開(kāi)車(chē)初期的6KPa,上漲至125KPa,分析為分離塔填料堵塞,后根據(jù)生產(chǎn)周期及產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量調(diào)整需要,定期更換堵塞填料。實(shí)現(xiàn)裝置的長(zhǎng)久平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行。根據(jù)分析實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,塔頂氯乙烯采出純度在95%左右,塔底二氯乙烷采出純度在85-92%之間。符合現(xiàn)有裝置生產(chǎn)中對(duì)高沸物處理能力的需求。
[Abstract]:In the synthesis of hydrogen chloride and acetylene, due to the characteristics of organic reaction, in addition to the formation of vinyl chloride, but also the formation of dichloroethane, relative to the higher boiling point of vinyl chloride substances, through the vinyl chloride distillation column, The recombination after separation is called "high boiling matter". In the original process design, the "high boiling matter" is usually sold as a kind of industrial by-product to the factory with hazardous waste treatment qualification, and then through its further production processing and recycling. With the higher and higher requirements of hazardous waste and environmental protection, enterprises' requirements for recycling economy and clean factories have been raised, and all kinds of waste resources in the production process of chemical plants have also been recycled. High boiling matter, an industrial byproduct of great reuse value, has also been fully utilized. The composition of "high boiling compound" is mainly composed of dichloroethane and vinyl chloride, in which the content of dichloroethane is about 40-50%, and the content of vinyl chloride is about 50-60%. Dichloroethane is a good industrial solvent for coating, textile and other industries, and has high commercial potential. Vinyl chloride is the raw material for the production of various PVC resins. Both of the above have high practical economic value. Therefore, the purification project of "high boiling matter", its economic benefits and environmental protection benefits are very eye-catching, also praised by the state award. Sino-Thai chemical existing two PVC production plant, annual production of "high boiling matter" about 4000 tons. Through continuous quality monitoring of "high boiling matter", the composition and output of "high boiling matter" in each factory area are calculated. And collect the equipment parameters and process parameters related to the purification design. Finally, on the premise of selecting DN16 metal Bauer ring as filler, the diameter of distillation tower is 500mm, the height of packing is 8 meters, the height of equivalent tray is 0.4 meters, the number of theoretical trays is 20 layers, and the condensation temperature of top tower is controlled at 10.21 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1996515