本文選題：管制員 + 視覺搜索模式　； 參考：《中國民航大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,國家在民航領(lǐng)域的需求也在持續(xù)增長,從而促使民航業(yè)快速不斷的發(fā)展壯大,使民航業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中占據(jù)舉足重輕的地位。因此,航空領(lǐng)域的安全問題需要給予充分重視。鑒于航空體系是復(fù)雜的人-機(jī)-環(huán)系統(tǒng),在對體系中的事故及事故征候進(jìn)行分析時發(fā)現(xiàn),人為因素在各影響要素中占有十分重要的作用。而在航空體系中,空管系統(tǒng)的作用也日益突出,根據(jù)2014年的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)可知,民航空管系統(tǒng)全年保障各類飛行起降共計754萬架次,同比增長8.9%�？紤]到空中交通管理系統(tǒng)是復(fù)雜的人-機(jī)-環(huán)交互體系,而其中最為核心的要素是空中交通管制人員。因此,本文將管制人員作為研究對象,考慮到在管制過程中,管制人員獲取的信息多是由視覺搜索獲得的,本文將對管制員的視覺搜索特性進(jìn)行研究。為了獲取管制員的眼動數(shù)據(jù),本文結(jié)合雷達(dá)管制模擬機(jī)與Tobii X2-60眼動儀,利用分屏的方式,將模擬管制場景轉(zhuǎn)移至裝有眼動儀的電腦屏幕前。在已有結(jié)論的基礎(chǔ)上,文章選取眼動指標(biāo):注視點數(shù)目、注視持續(xù)時間、水平方向視角、垂直方向視角、掃視幅度和掃視速度等,來表征空中交通管制人員的視覺搜索模式。在實驗場景中,設(shè)置不同的飛機(jī)數(shù)目,將飛機(jī)數(shù)目作為實驗變量,在所得眼動數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上,對飛機(jī)數(shù)目和管制人員的視覺搜索模式的關(guān)系進(jìn)行研究。分析結(jié)果表明:實驗所得的眼動數(shù)據(jù),如果按照區(qū)間進(jìn)行劃分并統(tǒng)計數(shù)目,可以很清晰的發(fā)現(xiàn)各個眼動指標(biāo)的分布情況大有不同,彼此之間的分布規(guī)律存在較大差異;在所得統(tǒng)計結(jié)論的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合具體實驗場景和眼動指標(biāo)含義,可將管制員在雷達(dá)管制場景中的視覺搜索模式總結(jié)為:在被試進(jìn)行視覺搜索活動的注視范圍內(nèi),注視區(qū)域內(nèi)存在的信息密度較大。雖然被試的視覺搜索速度一般,但是較易提取所需信息,不存在太多需要進(jìn)行深度注意的情況。結(jié)合模擬管制場景可知,被試的注視區(qū)域多集中在屏幕下方與跑道附近。而且通過對上述數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行方差分析,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著飛機(jī)數(shù)目的變化,被試的視覺搜索模式并無明顯改變。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, the demand of the country in the field of civil aviation is also increasing, which promotes the rapid development of the civil aviation industry and makes the civil aviation industry occupy the position of light weight in the national economy. Therefore, the aviation domain safety question needs to give the full attention. In view of the fact that aviation system is a complex man-machine-loop system, it is found that human factors play an important role in the analysis of accidents and accident symptoms in the system. In the aviation system, the role of air traffic control system is increasingly prominent. According to 2014 statistics, civil aviation air traffic control system guarantees 7.54 million flights and landings, an increase of 8.9 percent over the same period last year. Considering that air traffic management system is a complex man-machine-environment interaction system, the most important element is air traffic control personnel. Therefore, this paper takes the controller as the research object, considering that in the process of regulation, the information obtained by the controller is mostly obtained by visual search, this paper will study the visual search characteristics of the controller. In order to obtain the eye movement data of the controller, combined with the radar control simulator and the Tobii X2-60 eye movement instrument, the simulation control scene was transferred to the computer screen with the eye movement meter. On the basis of the existing conclusions, this paper selects the index of eye movement: the number of fixation points, the duration of fixation, the horizontal angle of view, the vertical angle of view, the range of scan and the speed of scan, to characterize the visual search mode of air traffic control personnel. In the experimental scene, the number of aircraft was set up as the experimental variable, and the relationship between the number of aircraft and the visual search mode of the controller was studied on the basis of the obtained eye movement data. The results show that: the experimental eye movement data, if divided according to the interval and the number of statistics, we can clearly find that the distribution of each eye movement index is very different, and there are great differences between the distribution law; On the basis of the statistical results, combined with the specific experimental scene and the meaning of eye movement index, the visual search mode of the controller in radar control scene can be summarized as follows: in the gaze range of the subjects' visual search activities, The information density in the fixation region is high. Although the visual search speed of the subjects is average, it is easy to extract the required information, and there is not much need for in-depth attention. According to the simulated control scene, most of the subjects focus on the area below the screen and near the runway. Through the variance analysis of the above data, it can be found that the visual search pattern of the subjects has no obvious change with the change of the number of aircraft.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國民航大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：V355.12
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本文編號：1883678