本文選題：遼西 + 半干旱��； 參考：《沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：遼寧省西部地區(qū)時(shí)常發(fā)生嚴(yán)重旱災(zāi),花生大面積減產(chǎn),為解決這一難題,在當(dāng)?shù)剡M(jìn)行花生種植。利用實(shí)際與理論相結(jié)合的方法,并以數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)、節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù)為輔助工具與手段。在不同灌水條件下,分析各處理花生土壤含水率動(dòng)態(tài)變化、生長(zhǎng)及生理動(dòng)態(tài)、需水規(guī)律、產(chǎn)量和效益等指標(biāo),并初步制定了適合當(dāng)?shù)氐幕ㄉは碌喂喙喔戎贫?主要研究成果如下：(1)降水或灌水會(huì)使土壤含水量會(huì)升高,對(duì)淺層土壤提高較為顯著,對(duì)深層土壤影響不顯著,但隨著灌溉定額的提高,會(huì)加劇對(duì)深層土壤含水量的影響。在灌溉定額—定的情況下,灌溉較為頻繁的處理,淺層土壤含水量會(huì)保持較優(yōu)的含水狀態(tài)。(2)不同灌水對(duì)花生生長(zhǎng)及生理指標(biāo)的影響：在全生育期內(nèi),花生的各項(xiàng)生長(zhǎng)及生理指標(biāo)增長(zhǎng)速率均表現(xiàn)為…熳—快—慢”的規(guī)律,在灌溉次數(shù)不變時(shí),花生的各項(xiàng)生長(zhǎng)及生理指標(biāo)隨著灌溉定額的增大而增加；在灌溉定額一定的情況下,灌溉次數(shù)與生長(zhǎng)及生理各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)基本呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,并且灌水處理花生的各項(xiàng)生長(zhǎng)及生理指標(biāo)均大于不灌溉CK處理。(3)花生需水量的變化規(guī)律：苗期和飽果期花生需水量較小,花針期和結(jié)莢期需水量較大；灌溉次數(shù)不變時(shí),需水量與灌溉定額成正比。不同灌溉定額水平下,灌溉次數(shù)對(duì)其影響表現(xiàn)不同。通過(guò)水量平衡方程計(jì)算得出膜下滴灌花生在全生育期內(nèi)的需水量約為244.8mm-296.4mm.(4)不同灌水對(duì)花生品質(zhì)指標(biāo)的影響：適當(dāng)頻繁的灌溉可以提高花生籽仁中蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪及亞油酸的含量,但會(huì)降低籽仁中油酸的含量；灌溉定額對(duì)花生籽仁的脂肪含量具有抑制作用,對(duì)亞油酸含量具有促進(jìn)作用；CK處理各品質(zhì)指標(biāo)在各灌溉處理中處于中等水平。(5)不同灌水處理花生產(chǎn)量對(duì)比分析：灌溉定額及灌溉次數(shù)與產(chǎn)量呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。T3I3處理產(chǎn)量最大,達(dá)到6982.5kg·hm-2,較CK增產(chǎn)高達(dá)40.5%, CK處理最低,產(chǎn)量?jī)H為4971 kg·hm-2。13處理平均產(chǎn)量較I2和I1處理分別高6.7%和20.8%,T3處理平均產(chǎn)量較T2和T1處理分別高0.4%和4.0%。單株果數(shù)及秕果數(shù)隨著灌溉次數(shù)及灌溉定額的增加而增加,呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系；百果重、百仁重及出仁率隨著灌溉次數(shù)及灌溉定額的增加而減小。(6)花生水分利用率差異分析：灌溉定額和灌溉次數(shù)的增加可以提高花生水分利用效率；但灌溉定額過(guò)度增大,不僅不會(huì)提高水分利用效率,還會(huì)降低水分利用效率。膜下滴灌條件下,花生水分生產(chǎn)效率最大的為T(mén)3I3處理,達(dá)到2.354kg·m3,其次為T(mén)2I3處理,為2.344kg·m-3,水分生產(chǎn)效率最小的為T(mén)1I1處理,為1.937kg·m-3,CK處理在所有處理中處于中下等水平,為2.029kg·m-3。(7)不同灌溉處理之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益具有明顯的差異。T2I3處理經(jīng)濟(jì)效益最高,達(dá)12603元hm-2,T3I1處理經(jīng)濟(jì)效益最低,僅為8448元hm-2,CK處理位列第七位,為9549元.hm-2。I3處理經(jīng)濟(jì)效益平均值為12462元·hm-2,較I2和b處理分別高11.9%和44.8%。(8)膜下滴灌花生灌溉制度的確定：在降雨量較少的半干旱年,充分考慮水分利用效率、產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)、投入成本、總產(chǎn)出和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益等因素,制定了幾個(gè)具有代表性的灌溉制度：①以品質(zhì)和產(chǎn)量指標(biāo)為主,優(yōu)先選取T1I1處理的灌溉制度；②以水分利用率、產(chǎn)量及生長(zhǎng)態(tài)勢(shì)為主,優(yōu)先選取T2h和T3I3處理的灌溉制度；③以投入成本和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益收益為主,優(yōu)先選取T2I3處理的灌溉制度。本研究結(jié)果解決了遼寧省西部半干旱地區(qū)花生膜下滴灌技術(shù)中一些亟待解決的問(wèn)題,為作為遼西膜下滴灌花生種植的理論依據(jù),對(duì)遼西部半干旱區(qū)花生膜下滴灌推廣具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:In the western part of Liaoning, severe droughts often occur, and peanuts are reduced in large areas. In order to solve this problem, peanut planting is carried out locally. Using the combination of practice and theory, mathematical statistics, water saving irrigation technology and computer application technology are used as auxiliary tools and means. Under different irrigation conditions, the peanut soil is analyzed in different irrigation conditions. The dynamic changes of water rate, growth and physiological dynamics, water requirements, yield and benefits, and preliminary formulation of the local drip irrigation system for peanut under film, the main research results are as follows: (1) precipitation or irrigation will increase the soil moisture content, the height of shallow soil is more significant, and the influence on deep soil is not significant, but with irrigation, but with irrigation The increase of the quota will aggravate the influence on the water content in the deep soil. Under the condition of irrigation quota - fixed, irrigation is more frequent, the water content in the shallow soil will keep the better water content. (2) the effects of different irrigation on the growth and physiological indexes of peanut: the growth rate of peanut and the growth rate of physiological indexes during the whole growth period All of them are... When the irrigation times were constant, the growth and physiological indexes of peanut increased with the increase of irrigation quota. Under the certain irrigation quota, the number of irrigation times had a positive correlation with the growth and physiological indexes, and the growth and physiological indexes of the irrigated peanuts were all greater than that of non irrigation. CK treatment. (3) the change rule of the water requirement of peanut: the water requirement of the peanut at the seedling stage and the full fruit period is small, the water requirement of the flower needle and the Poding period is larger; the water requirement is proportional to the irrigation quota when the irrigation times are constant. The irrigation times are different under the different irrigation quota level. The drip irrigation flower under the water balance equation is calculated. The water demand in the whole growth period is about 244.8mm-296.4mm. (4) the effect of different irrigation on the quality of peanut quality: appropriate frequent irrigation can increase the content of protein, fat and linoleic acid in peanut kernel, but reduce the content of oleic acid in seed kernel; the irrigation quota has a inhibitory effect on the fat content of the seed kernel of the seed. Acid content has a promotion effect, and the quality indexes of CK treatment are at medium level in each irrigation treatment. (5) comparison and analysis of peanut yield in different irrigation treatments: the irrigation quota and irrigation times and yield are positively correlated with the yield of.T3I3. The yield is 6982.5kg. Hm-2, the increase of yield is up to 40.5%, CK is the lowest, and the yield is only 4971 kg. The average yield of hm-2.13 treatment was 6.7% and 20.8% higher than that of I2 and I1 respectively. The average yield of T3 treatment was 0.4% higher than that of T2 and T1 treatment, and the number of single fruit per plant and the number of blighted fruit increased with the increase of irrigation times and irrigation quota, and the weight of 100 nuts, the weight of kernel weight and the rate of kernel yield decreased with the increase of irrigation times and irrigation quota. (6) analysis on the difference of water utilization ratio of peanuts: the increase of irrigation quota and irrigation times can increase the water use efficiency of peanuts, but the excessive increase of the irrigation quota will not only not improve the water use efficiency, but also reduce the water use efficiency. Under the condition of drip irrigation, the maximum efficiency of peanut water production is T3I3 treatment, reaching 2.354kg m. 3, followed by T2I3 treatment, 2.344kg M-3, the minimum water production efficiency is T1I1 treatment, 1.937kg M-3, CK treatment in all treatments in the middle and lower levels, for 2.029kg. M-3. (7) different economic benefits between different irrigation treatment, the economic benefits of.T2I3 treatment is the highest, up to 12603 yuan hm-2, T3I1 treatment economic benefit is the lowest. Only 8448 yuan hm-2, CK processing rank seventh, 9549 yuan.Hm-2.I3 processing economic benefit average value of 12462 yuan. Hm-2, 11.9% and 44.8%. (8) drip irrigation system under I2 and B treatment, respectively: in the semi dry year of less rainfall, full consideration of water use efficiency, yield, quality, input cost, total output and economy. Several representative irrigation systems have been formulated as follows: firstly, the irrigation system treated by T1I1 is selected as the priority of quality and yield indicators, and second is the water utilization rate, yield and growth situation, and the irrigation system treated by T2h and T3I3 should be selected first; thirdly, the priority is to select the T2I3 place with the input and economic benefits. The results of this study have solved some problems that need to be solved in the drip irrigation technique of peanut film under the semi arid area of Western Liaoning province. It is of great significance to the popularization of peanut drip irrigation in the semi arid region of western Liaoning Province as a theoretical basis for the planting of peanuts under the drip irrigation in the western Liaoning Province.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S565.2;S275.6

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